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Shifting the balance: antibiotic effects on host–microbiota
Shifting the balance: antibiotic effects on host–microbiota

Liver immunology and its role in inflammation and
Liver immunology and its role in inflammation and

- Wiley Online Library
- Wiley Online Library

Lymphatic System
Lymphatic System

... swollen. Such swelling is an indication of an active immune response to infection. Histologically, tonsils do not contain a complete capsule, and the epithelial layer invaginates deeply into the interior of the tonsil to form tonsillar crypts. These structures, which accumulate all sorts of material ...
Piperine inhibits cytokine production by human peripheral blood
Piperine inhibits cytokine production by human peripheral blood

... 1997), anti-pyretic (Virinder et al., 1997), anti-microbial (Kumar et al., 2007), and anti-inflammatory activities (Virinder et al., 1997; Pradeep and Kuttan, 2004; Kumar et al., 2007). Sunila and Kuttan (2004) showed that piperine could inhibit solid tumor development in mice induced with Dalton’s ...
A Mechanochemical Study into the Growth and Shape Maintenance
A Mechanochemical Study into the Growth and Shape Maintenance

... from the start of the program to get me adjusted and educated in this area of studies. Coming in to a biomedical program with a background in Physics and Mathematics I wondered how I was going to catch up with the rest of the crowd understanding the concepts and terms needed to progress throughout t ...
Mitochondria: an Unexpected Force in Innate Immunity
Mitochondria: an Unexpected Force in Innate Immunity

B-cell depletion inhibits arthritis in a collagen
B-cell depletion inhibits arthritis in a collagen

Antimicrobial peptides: A natural alternative to chemical antibiotics
Antimicrobial peptides: A natural alternative to chemical antibiotics

Complement and its role in innate and adaptive immune
Complement and its role in innate and adaptive immune

... (Figure 2A) [37]. To prevent nonspecific C3b degradation, for instance in the case of proper complement activation, Factor I requires cofactors for its proteolytic activity. These cofactors include membrane cofactor protein (MCP; CD46), complement receptor 1 (CR1), and Factor H which are either intr ...
Lymphoid follicles in (very) severe COPD: beneficial or harmful? REVIEW
Lymphoid follicles in (very) severe COPD: beneficial or harmful? REVIEW

... of B-cell follicles. As seen in other tissues, these follicles are the result of lymphoid neogenesis. The finding of oligoclonality in B-cell follicles in COPD suggests that they play a role in local antigen specific immune responses. To date, it is not known which antigens may be involved; microbia ...
Patients with oral erosive and cutaneous lichen planus may have
Patients with oral erosive and cutaneous lichen planus may have

... from erosive lichen planus on the basis of other criteria than anti-CUSP antibodies and whether the presence of a 70-kDa band has clinical significance remains to be clarified. On the other hand, the clinical criteria distinguishing CUS from oral lichen planus (mainly erosive oral lichen planus) hav ...
O Seu Incrível Sistema Imune
O Seu Incrível Sistema Imune

... As  vacinas  aFvam  seu  sistema  imune,  capacitando-­‐o  para  defender  o  organismo   ...
Latent viral immune inflammatory response model for chronic
Latent viral immune inflammatory response model for chronic

... viral infection or nerve cell death. Latent herpetic viruses (and possibly latent viral antigens alone) have the ability to travel between sensory ganglia and innervated tissues of the body [16] and may also migrate from neurons of peripheral sensory ganglia to other neurons of the central nervous s ...
Nasal vaccination using live bacterial vectors
Nasal vaccination using live bacterial vectors

Review Article Mechanisms of action of CD20 antibodies
Review Article Mechanisms of action of CD20 antibodies

Current and novel therapeutics in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus
Current and novel therapeutics in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus

... Agents that target B cells are the mAbs rituximab, ofatumumab, ocrelizumab and veltuzumab (anti-CD20), epratuzumab (anti-CD22), belimumab (anti–B-cell lymphocyte-activating factor [BAFF]), and atacicept (anti-BAFF and a proliferationinducing ligand [APRIL]) (Fig 1). Anti-CD20 (rituximab) is a chimer ...
070298 Acute Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1
070298 Acute Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1

... The signs and symptoms of acute HIV-1 infection usually present within days to weeks after initial exposure. The most common signs and symptoms (Table 1) include fever (median maximal temperature, 38.9°C),11 fatigue, rash that is usually maculopapular but may have protean presentations, headache, ly ...
Evolution of MHC class I genes in higher primates
Evolution of MHC class I genes in higher primates

... Summary The classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I genes are consen-'ed in higher primates. Motifs common to human, chimpanzee and gorilla alleles indicate that class I alleles diverged from ancestral sequences that existed before separation of these species. Analysis of native hum ...
BTXpred: Prediction of bacterial toxins
BTXpred: Prediction of bacterial toxins

Pathogenesis of E. coli
Pathogenesis of E. coli

... Cholecystitis and cholangitis result from obstruction of the biliary system from biliary stone or sludge, leading to stagnation and bacterial growth from the papilla or portal circulation. When bile flow is obstructed, colonic organisms, including E coli, colonize the jejunum and duodenum. Interesti ...
here - The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology
here - The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology

Mucosal candidiasis elicits NF-κB activation, proinflammatory gene
Mucosal candidiasis elicits NF-κB activation, proinflammatory gene

... Mucosal candidiasis is the most common form of infection by C. albicans (Moran et al., 2012), but available in vivo animal models have limitations for imaging immune cell and pathogen interactions intravitally. We sought to exploit the transparency of the juvenile zebrafish to investigate the intera ...
Treg and CTLA-4: Two intertwining pathways to
Treg and CTLA-4: Two intertwining pathways to

... Immune regulation CD4 T cells Tolerance ...
PDF - Theranostics
PDF - Theranostics

... years of age. The data from these human subjects and their proteomes were previously deposited at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE [39] partner repository with the dataset identifier PXD004713. All 45 urine specimens subjected to proteomic surveys were analyzed using the same sample prep ...
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Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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