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Immunity and infection
Immunity and infection

... • Plasma cells produce antibodies that are specific to the antigen that stimulated their production. After the first encounter with an antigen, production of enough of the specific antibody takes several days. Thus, the primary immune response is ...
The immunological principles underlying vaccine
The immunological principles underlying vaccine

... causing it to proliferate. Simultaneously, fragments or whole microbial organisms killed at the invasion site as a result of the innate response pass along lymph channels to the same draining lymph nodes where they come into contact with B cells, each with their own unique BCR: many thousands of cop ...
Chapter 8
Chapter 8

... Antibodies are found in our body fluids:  Blood  Lymph  Interstitial fluid Antibodies are produced by B cells.  B cells develop in bone marrow. Antibodies are specific molecules that circulate through out our body and attach to foreign antigens, marking them for destruction. Foreign antigen does ...
Autoimmunity in primary immune deficiency: taking lessons from our
Autoimmunity in primary immune deficiency: taking lessons from our

... almost devoid of autoimmune diseases, B cells which are present, but dysfunctional in other defects, lead to a significant incidence of autoimmune disease. Autoimmunity is also particularly common in the antibody deficiency states. Although organ-based autoimmunity also occurs, for unclear reasons t ...
Vaccines - UCLA Health
Vaccines - UCLA Health

... • Adaptive immune cells (B and T lymphocytes) recognize non-self through specific receptors (BCRs and TCRs) • Receptors are generated through random genetic recombinations (about 1015 different TCRs are possible) • Self-reactive receptors are weeded out • Binding of the receptor causes a cell to mat ...
The Immune System
The Immune System

... – Allergic reaction cause tissue in nose to swell in response with allergies. The swelling produces fluid and mucous. Blood vessels in eyes also swell which then cause redness. They shrink swollen nasal tissues and blood vessels to relieve the symptoms of nasal swelling, congestion, mucous, secretio ...
Chapter 21
Chapter 21

... Once a T cell has bound to the combination of its specific antigen and the appropriate MHC protein, co-stimulation must occur. a. Think of co-stimulation as a double check that the bound cell is really one that is infected or alien. b. One way this works is that the T cell looks for a second virus p ...
Cell Mediated Immunity
Cell Mediated Immunity

... molecule that bind antigen (V-region) 4. B-cells/antibodies recognize circulating antibodies. T-cells require antigen to be 3.Three dimensional structures presented by MHC-molecules 5. All energy of antigen-antibody focus on foreign are remarkably similar antigens whereas a substantial fraction of t ...
Detailed Outline and Resources for Lesson Planning
Detailed Outline and Resources for Lesson Planning

...  Acquired over time with exposure to pathogens that trigger responses of specific B and/or T lymphocytes  Define antigen and antigen receptors  There are 2 types of specific responses: o AMI (humoral) = involve B cells and antibodies (Fig 12-5)  B cell recognizes specific antigen and is activate ...
The Immune System
The Immune System

... Monocytes change into these as they leave the blood and enter the tissues. – These are phagocytic cells – Can eat many (100’s) of pathogens and survive. – Eat old blood cells and bits of dead tissue – Stimulate the immune response. • Increase production of white blood cells in bone marrow ...
Lecture 14-Carbohydrate recognition in cell adhesion and signalling
Lecture 14-Carbohydrate recognition in cell adhesion and signalling

... •  The  rolling  process  requires  a  precise  balance  between   the  making  and  breaking  of  contacts  between  the   leucocyte  and  endothelium   •  The  rate  constants  for  ligand  binding  (kon)  and  release   (koff)  are  rapid ...
1 - Welcome to people.pharmacy.purdue.edu!
1 - Welcome to people.pharmacy.purdue.edu!

... 13. (3 points) There is considerable support for the idea that infections contribute to the onset of autoimmune disease in genetically susceptible individuals. Which of the following is not likely to be a mechanism by which infections could contribute to autoimmune disease. a. antigens of the infect ...
Objectives Thymus Thymosin Pineal Gland Melatonin Ovaries
Objectives Thymus Thymosin Pineal Gland Melatonin Ovaries

... Maturation of eggs Promotes growth of uterine lining. _________________ Stimulates development of uterine lining and formation of placenta. ...
Immunostaining
Immunostaining

... introns and exons of islo-1 (the entire islo-1 gene and its promoter) was subcloned into the HindIII-EcoRI site of pPD118.20, and then GFP (or mCherry) cDNA was inserted to the third exon of islo-1 gene in frame. To construct islo-1 or islo-14C, a PCR product amplified from the first exon of the up ...
HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS
HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS

... • Major barrier to organ/tissue transplantation is immunological • Immune system recognizes transplant as foreign and destroys it – Memory and specificity have properties of adaptive immune response – Memory is transferred by T cells (antibodies also can contribute). ...
Antibody Production and Use in Immunodetection
Antibody Production and Use in Immunodetection

... antibody molecules with slightly different amino acid sequences that can further tested to find the one with the most affinity for an antigen  The recombinant DNA can be engineered to encode a human antibody molecule with the binding portion of a mouse. This type of antibody is called “humanized” o ...
INFLAMMATION
INFLAMMATION

... leucocytes leave the blood and adhesion to the margin of the endothelial lining of the capillaries. ...
Antigen
Antigen

... • MHC molecules are different among genetically nonidentical individuals • Differences in MHC molecules stimulate rejection of tissue grafts and organ transplants ...
Skin as a protection against environmental threats
Skin as a protection against environmental threats

... enter skin via chemokine (CC, not CXC) gradient ...
11.1 HL Immune System Part 1
11.1 HL Immune System Part 1

... primary response, some cells stop dividing and secreting antibody and become memory cells. • Large numbers of memory cells remain in the body for a long time… • …they are capable of producing large amounts of ...
The Immune System- Dr Masoud Sirati Nir
The Immune System- Dr Masoud Sirati Nir

... A. protein that NK cells use to kill invading cells 2. ______ tonsil B. substance that induces sensitivity or an immune response 3. ______ lymph node C. cells that make up about 80% of lymphocytes, the “T” denoting their work with the thymus 4. ______ perforin D. immune system gland, located behind ...
Lecture exam #2 review guide: covered chapters 17, 22, 23
Lecture exam #2 review guide: covered chapters 17, 22, 23

... Martini resources. If you have not accessed the resources for the online book, I encourage you to do so. Once you have obtained the CD/DVD or are on the website. I recommend going through lesson 10 (immune system) in the following order: Immune system overview ( 11 slides) 3 main lines of defense: 1 ...
Vaccination - WordPress.com
Vaccination - WordPress.com

The Immune System- Dr Masoud Sirati Nir
The Immune System- Dr Masoud Sirati Nir

... A. protein that NK cells use to kill invading cells 2. ______ tonsil B. substance that induces sensitivity or an immune response 3. ______ lymph node C. cells that make up about 80% of lymphocytes, the “T” denoting their work with the thymus 4. ______ perforin D. immune system gland, located behind ...
Cells of the Immune System and Antigen Recognition Jennifer Nyland, PhD
Cells of the Immune System and Antigen Recognition Jennifer Nyland, PhD

... • Each B and T cell has receptor that is unique for a particular antigenic determinant on Ag • Vast array of different AgR in both T and B cell populations • How are the receptors generated? – Instructionist hypothesis • Does not account for self vs non-self ...
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Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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