Signalling and transcriptional regulation in biology and disease
... kinase pathways are activated by cellular stresses. Upon reaching the nucleus, the terminal MAPKs in these cascades phosphorylate a number of key transcription factors including c-Jun, activating transcription factor-2 and Ets (E26)-like kinase (Elk)-1. Recently, Elk-1 has been shown to also be a ta ...
... kinase pathways are activated by cellular stresses. Upon reaching the nucleus, the terminal MAPKs in these cascades phosphorylate a number of key transcription factors including c-Jun, activating transcription factor-2 and Ets (E26)-like kinase (Elk)-1. Recently, Elk-1 has been shown to also be a ta ...
Opexa Therapeutics, Inc.
... our current expectations and involve assumptions that may never materialize or may prove to be incorrect. Actual results and the timing of events could differ materially from those anticipated as a result of various risks and uncertainties which include, without limitation, risks associated with the ...
... our current expectations and involve assumptions that may never materialize or may prove to be incorrect. Actual results and the timing of events could differ materially from those anticipated as a result of various risks and uncertainties which include, without limitation, risks associated with the ...
Addressing the Inflammatory Response to Clinically Relevant
... events early in the inflammatory process, particularly minimizing the adsorption of proteins onto the material surface. Second, bioactive strategies aim to address specific events within the process. This review will focus primarily on the latter strategy. 2. Bioinert and Bioactive Surfaces Bioinert ...
... events early in the inflammatory process, particularly minimizing the adsorption of proteins onto the material surface. Second, bioactive strategies aim to address specific events within the process. This review will focus primarily on the latter strategy. 2. Bioinert and Bioactive Surfaces Bioinert ...
immunology - Chapter..
... Multiple binding sites on an antibody dramatically increases its binding (avidity) to antigens on particles such as bacteria or virus. • Example: two binding sites on IgG are 100 times more effective at neutralizing virus than two unlinked binding sites. Avidity is the firmness of association be ...
... Multiple binding sites on an antibody dramatically increases its binding (avidity) to antigens on particles such as bacteria or virus. • Example: two binding sites on IgG are 100 times more effective at neutralizing virus than two unlinked binding sites. Avidity is the firmness of association be ...
The discontinuity theory of immunity
... The discontinuity theory of immunity is based on two founding principles: the important role of time in the immune response, and the frequent detection, by the immune system, of modifications internal to the host. Indeed, the triggering of an immune response is a complex process based on the integr ...
... The discontinuity theory of immunity is based on two founding principles: the important role of time in the immune response, and the frequent detection, by the immune system, of modifications internal to the host. Indeed, the triggering of an immune response is a complex process based on the integr ...
immune formula
... anti-tumor activity and increases the anti-tumor activity of chemotherapy and the mechanism might be related partially to immunopotentiating activities through the enhancements of immune cells. -- International ...
... anti-tumor activity and increases the anti-tumor activity of chemotherapy and the mechanism might be related partially to immunopotentiating activities through the enhancements of immune cells. -- International ...
Document
... Chemokines are a family of chemotactic cytokines that orchestrate the immune response, ranging from homing of immune cells to areas of inflammation to activation of immune cells. The family is divided into four subfamilies based on their molecular structure and chemokines activate G-protein coupled ...
... Chemokines are a family of chemotactic cytokines that orchestrate the immune response, ranging from homing of immune cells to areas of inflammation to activation of immune cells. The family is divided into four subfamilies based on their molecular structure and chemokines activate G-protein coupled ...
Cells
... In mice and humans, immature B cells proliferate and differentiate within the bone marrow, and the stromal cells interact with the B cells and secrete various cytokines that are required for development. Like thymic selection during T-cell maturation, a selection process within the bone marrow elimi ...
... In mice and humans, immature B cells proliferate and differentiate within the bone marrow, and the stromal cells interact with the B cells and secrete various cytokines that are required for development. Like thymic selection during T-cell maturation, a selection process within the bone marrow elimi ...
AP Biology Outline for Human Systems
... II following a second exposure to the same antigen. c. Explain how infection by the AIDS virus (HIV) affects the function of both T and B lymphocytes. ...
... II following a second exposure to the same antigen. c. Explain how infection by the AIDS virus (HIV) affects the function of both T and B lymphocytes. ...
Review: Chapters 12 & 14 and HIV
... Platelets initially stick to the wall of a damaged blood vessel because: a. exposed collagen fibers make a rough surface to which the platelets are attracted b. histamine causes vasoconstriction so that the platelets can’t fit through the opening c. fibrin threads act like glue to hold them ...
... Platelets initially stick to the wall of a damaged blood vessel because: a. exposed collagen fibers make a rough surface to which the platelets are attracted b. histamine causes vasoconstriction so that the platelets can’t fit through the opening c. fibrin threads act like glue to hold them ...
Chronic recurrent infections and immunopathy
... in favour of the synthesis of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. In the lymph nodes, they encounter T cells and if a naive or memory T cell with their T cell receptor matches the presented antigen peptide receptor, an immunological synapse occurs and a specific (acquired) ...
... in favour of the synthesis of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. In the lymph nodes, they encounter T cells and if a naive or memory T cell with their T cell receptor matches the presented antigen peptide receptor, an immunological synapse occurs and a specific (acquired) ...
Generation of antagonistic anti-TIM-3 and anti-LAG
... antibodies both as single agents as well as simultaneous blockade of multiple pathways in in vitro cell-based assays. Inhibition of each pathway in isolation demonstrated immune stimulatory activity as evidenced by increased secretion of IL-2 in a mixed lymphocyte reaction or an activated T-cell ass ...
... antibodies both as single agents as well as simultaneous blockade of multiple pathways in in vitro cell-based assays. Inhibition of each pathway in isolation demonstrated immune stimulatory activity as evidenced by increased secretion of IL-2 in a mixed lymphocyte reaction or an activated T-cell ass ...
Salivary Buffers and Coagulation Factors
... lactoperoxidase, and agglutinins such as glycoproteins, mucins, ß2macroglobulins, fibronectins, and antibodies. a- Lysozymeis a hydrolytic enzyme that cleaves the linkage between structural components of the glycopeptidemuramic acidcontaining region of the cell wall of certain bacteria in vitro. Lys ...
... lactoperoxidase, and agglutinins such as glycoproteins, mucins, ß2macroglobulins, fibronectins, and antibodies. a- Lysozymeis a hydrolytic enzyme that cleaves the linkage between structural components of the glycopeptidemuramic acidcontaining region of the cell wall of certain bacteria in vitro. Lys ...
Specific Antibody-Dependent Responses in HIV
... Based on this, 13 (50%) of the 26 subjects studied consecutively displayed antigen-specific non-T-lymphocyte responses to at least one of the HIV-1 peptide pools studied (Table 1). The majority of NK cell-mediated HIV-specific responses in the cohort of 26 subjects were to the Env peptide pool, rang ...
... Based on this, 13 (50%) of the 26 subjects studied consecutively displayed antigen-specific non-T-lymphocyte responses to at least one of the HIV-1 peptide pools studied (Table 1). The majority of NK cell-mediated HIV-specific responses in the cohort of 26 subjects were to the Env peptide pool, rang ...
IMMUNITY MEDIATED BY B LYMPHOCYTES AND ANTIBODIES
... Interference with proteasome Interference with TAP Interference with Tapasin Retention of MHC 1 in ER Interference with NKG2A receptor ...
... Interference with proteasome Interference with TAP Interference with Tapasin Retention of MHC 1 in ER Interference with NKG2A receptor ...
1. dia - immunology.unideb.hu
... IMMUNE SYSTEM Tumor-specific immune responses can be induced Cytotoxic T lymphocytes can eradicate tumors ...
... IMMUNE SYSTEM Tumor-specific immune responses can be induced Cytotoxic T lymphocytes can eradicate tumors ...
Rapid innate control of antigen abrogates adaptive immunity
... were first described as lymphocytes, which possess cytotoxic functions without the need for previous antigen exposure.1 The NK responses are not only directly cytotoxic against virus-infected cells but also serve as a bridge between the innate and adaptive branches of the immune system, as they can ...
... were first described as lymphocytes, which possess cytotoxic functions without the need for previous antigen exposure.1 The NK responses are not only directly cytotoxic against virus-infected cells but also serve as a bridge between the innate and adaptive branches of the immune system, as they can ...
O A
... and proliferation control, and is critical in tumorigenesis [3]. NF-KappaB can be activated by exposure of cells to LPS (Lipopolysaccharides) or inflammatory cytokines such as TNF (Tumour Necrosis Factor) or IL-1 (Interleukin-1), growth factors, lymphokines, oxidant-free radicals, inhaled particles, ...
... and proliferation control, and is critical in tumorigenesis [3]. NF-KappaB can be activated by exposure of cells to LPS (Lipopolysaccharides) or inflammatory cytokines such as TNF (Tumour Necrosis Factor) or IL-1 (Interleukin-1), growth factors, lymphokines, oxidant-free radicals, inhaled particles, ...
Viral surveillance and discovery - Columbia University Mailman
... determine not only the presence of an agent in individuals with disease but also the number of individuals who have been infected but have no or only mild disease. Despite these drawbacks, serology can be useful when molecular methods are unsuccessful. For example, direct means of genetic detection ...
... determine not only the presence of an agent in individuals with disease but also the number of individuals who have been infected but have no or only mild disease. Despite these drawbacks, serology can be useful when molecular methods are unsuccessful. For example, direct means of genetic detection ...
17-1 Viruses The name
... If it finds its way into a place free of __________ and filled with __________, they grow very quickly They produce __________ that cause “botulism” These are deadly; they interfere with __________ activity, causing __________ and sometimes __________ Commercially canned goods are safe because: ...
... If it finds its way into a place free of __________ and filled with __________, they grow very quickly They produce __________ that cause “botulism” These are deadly; they interfere with __________ activity, causing __________ and sometimes __________ Commercially canned goods are safe because: ...