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Chapter 20, Lymphatic System
Chapter 20, Lymphatic System

... Facilitating immune responses  recognize microbes or abnormal cells & responding by killing them directly or secreting antibodies that cause their destruction Chapter 20, Lymphatic System ...
COMMITTEE FOR MEDICINAL PRODUCTS FOR HUMAN USE (CHMP)
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... like IL-1β, IL-10 and TNF-α have clearly demonstrated how genotypes that result in high levels of IL-1β and TNF-α, but low IL-10 expression may confer a 50-fold higher risk in developing gastric cancer. The outcome of Helicobacter infection clearly relies on the immune response and genetic backgroun ...
maturation of cider by malolactic fermentation
maturation of cider by malolactic fermentation

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PDF

... fungal virulence and, conversely, fungi can enhance bacterial virulence. For example, endotoxin (LPS) from Escherichia coli is considered an important contributor to virulence in co-infection experiments, and it has recently been shown that C. albicans responds directly to LPS [39,40]. In addition, ...
Genetic modification of a vaginal strain of L actobacillus fermentum
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... Because systematic vaccination does not usually provide a good immune response at mucosal sites, commensal lactobacilli from the female genital tract were developed as vehicles to deliver continued doses of foreign antigen directly to the genital mucosal surface with the aim of stimulating strong lo ...
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Pathophysiology - The Carter Center
Pathophysiology - The Carter Center

... document. Under no circumstances is it permissible to sell or distribute on a commercial basis, or to claim authorship of, copies of material reproduced from this publication. ...
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Licentiate thesis from the Department of Immunology,
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... regulated by the level of danger posed by the infection, which is sensed primarily by innate immune mechanisms. TLRs are expressed on many cells, including phagocytes, and mediate the activation of cells of the innate immune system, resulting in destruction of the invading microorganism through acti ...
On the following pages you will find one of the... Applications and Summary Statements indexed here:
On the following pages you will find one of the... Applications and Summary Statements indexed here:

... circumvent in order to cause disease. Several components of this system are conserved in eukaryotes. Recently, bacterial pathogen effectors that are injected into host cells by type III protein secretion systems (TTSSs) have been shown to be capable of suppressing innate immunity in eukaryotes. The ...
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Chapter 2: The Enterobacteriaceae
Chapter 2: The Enterobacteriaceae

... ferment glucose with the formation of acid or acid and gas, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, and many are motile by means of peritrichous flagella. Most species reduce nitrate and are able to grow on non-enriched media such as nutrient agar. There are however, a few exceptions such as Shigella d ...
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Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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