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thesis - KI Open Archive
thesis - KI Open Archive

... in significantly reduced natural cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against autologous carcinoma cells. The DNAM-1 loss was likely caused by chronic ligand exposure, since physical interactions between the receptor and its ligand CD155 induced down-regulation. Suppresse ...
Psoriasis and Stress–Psoriasis Aspect of Psychoneuroendocrinology
Psoriasis and Stress–Psoriasis Aspect of Psychoneuroendocrinology

... response to stressors when their action is prolonged (Selye, 1936). Therefore as pointed out for the first time by Hans Selye in Nature in 1936, stress or ‘noxious agents’ initiate a reaction in the body, which he called the ‘general adaptation syndrome’ (GAS). Selye distinguished three stages that ...
Immunity against Mucosal Pathogens?
Immunity against Mucosal Pathogens?

The Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis
The Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis

... Many other identified risk alleles in ACPApositive rheumatoid arthritis consistently aggregate functionally with immune regulation (Ta­ble 1), implicating nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)–dependent signaling (e.g., TRAF1–C5 and c-REL) and T-cell stimulation, activation, and functional differentiation (e.g. ...
Doctoral thesis from the Department of Immunology, the Wenner-Gren Institute,
Doctoral thesis from the Department of Immunology, the Wenner-Gren Institute,

... life and start to resemble the phenotype of adults after five years of age. Early alterations in the NKcell populations could lead to insufficient Th1 priming, with an increased risk to develop allergic disease. Early infection by common herpes viruses can influence NK-cell function and might be one ...
Asymptomatic infection with American cutaneous
Asymptomatic infection with American cutaneous

Microscopic Details
Microscopic Details

requirements for memory b cell and long lived plasma cell
requirements for memory b cell and long lived plasma cell

... CHAPTER 4: CONCLUSION ..................................................................................................... 87 Long-term humoral immunity in protection against disease .................................................... 87 The Role of DCs and ICs in B cell responses ................ ...
Viruses and Bacteria
Viruses and Bacteria

... Figure 2, have a membrane, or envelope, surrounding the capsid. The envelope helps the virus enter cells. It consists of proteins, lipids, and glycoproteins (glie koh PROH teenz), which are proteins with attached carbohydrate molecules that are derived from the host cell. Some viruses also contain s ...
Cystic Fibrosis Impact on Cellular Function - Carroll Collected
Cystic Fibrosis Impact on Cellular Function - Carroll Collected

Teil 1: „Studies on the extracellular matrix enzyme
Teil 1: „Studies on the extracellular matrix enzyme

... The discovery of the matrix enzyme lysyl oxidase (LOX) emerged from the convergence of mainly two research areas. Already the greek philosopher Hippocrates reported that chronic ingestion of the sweet pea Lathyrus odoratus can result in a disease today referred to as lathyrism. Studies with experime ...
Induction of Th2 type immunity in a mouse system
Induction of Th2 type immunity in a mouse system

Development of therapeutic proteins: advances
Development of therapeutic proteins: advances

A study of the contribution of mast cells to vaccination
A study of the contribution of mast cells to vaccination

Immune tolerance by interferon-alpha in experimental arthritis Jaya Prakash Chalise Linköping University
Immune tolerance by interferon-alpha in experimental arthritis Jaya Prakash Chalise Linköping University

... Effect of IFN-α on the humoral response during AIA: IFN-α has limited effect on humoral response (Paper I and II)................................................................................................................... 36 Effect of IFN-α on T cells during AIA: IFN-α inhibits antigen-specif ...
universidad de córdoba facultad de veterinaria
universidad de córdoba facultad de veterinaria

... clinical signs will depend on the nature of secondary infection, so that almost never are recognized as processes induced by BVDV (Brownlie, 1990; Rickey, 1996; Bolin and Grooms, 2004). Acute infection with characteristic clinical symptoms is described as ...
Function of the Drosophila TGF-a homolog Spitz is controlled by Star
Function of the Drosophila TGF-a homolog Spitz is controlled by Star

... sandwich assay has been shown to require both Star and Rhomboid (Bang and Kintner, 2000). The very fact that Star nulls are haploinsuf®cient dominant mutations with a rough eye phenotype indicates that Star is genetically dose sensitive and suggests that Star function may be quantitatively limiting ...
EFFECTS OF INCREASED INFLAMMATION ON ANTIVIRAL CD8 T CELL
EFFECTS OF INCREASED INFLAMMATION ON ANTIVIRAL CD8 T CELL

... Figure 1. Kinetics for CD8+ T cells going through expansion, contraction and memory T cell formation phase following a viral infection................................................................................................................... 4 Figure 2. Processing of endogenous protein to pe ...
Stable individual differences in physiological response
Stable individual differences in physiological response

... thought to be associated with greater stressor-induced alterations (mostly suppression) of immunity. In turn, the tendency to show more extreme immune reactions to stressors is thought to characterize vulnerability to stress-induced changes in host resistance to infectious agents. Those typically re ...
Brucella melitensis with Immune Response upon Secondary
Brucella melitensis with Immune Response upon Secondary

In vitro characterisation and expansion of human regulatory T cells
In vitro characterisation and expansion of human regulatory T cells

Nonspecific Defenses
Nonspecific Defenses

...   The body produces many types of lymphocytes: –  each fights a different type of antigen –  active lymphocyte clones itself to fight specific antigen ...
Clinical pathogenesis of typhoid fever
Clinical pathogenesis of typhoid fever

... The second clinical observation is the following: patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), a primary immunodeficiency preventing the generation of phagocyte oxidative burst, are more susceptible to infection with NTS and frequently develop bacteraemia [48]. However, there is no positive co ...
BioE HIV AIDS
BioE HIV AIDS

... kill because of their ability to infect and kill other types of cells, while other strains replicate at faster rates. The more virulent and infectious strains of HIV are typically found in people who are in the late stages of infection. Different strains of HIV can also recombine to produce an even ...
Stress and immunity in wild vertebrates: Timing is everything
Stress and immunity in wild vertebrates: Timing is everything

... stress hormones indirectly leads to the appearance of novel selfantigens due to degradation of tissues; immune activity must be depressed to decrease collateral damage to self (Råberg et al., 1998). Immune responses to antigens upon first encounter are typically polyclonal (Sapolsky et al., 2000), me ...
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Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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