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NKG2D DAP12 with Mouse, but Not Human, A Structural Basis for
NKG2D DAP12 with Mouse, but Not Human, A Structural Basis for

Understanding Host-Pathogen Interactions in Chronic CNS Infection
Understanding Host-Pathogen Interactions in Chronic CNS Infection

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Licentiate thesis from the Department of Immunology,
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... For two of the five human species (P. vivax, P. ovale), dormant hypnozoite forms can develop in the liver leading to delayed clinical attacks months or years later, but for P. falciparum, there are no dormant forms. In the liver, merozoites replicate within the hepatocytes and several thousands of ...
The Role of Nrf2 in Cellular Innate Immune Response to
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... 2002). Such counter-inflammatory response should occur timely and appropriately to resolve the inflammatory injury. The innate immune system is recognized as the critical first line of host defense for sensing and neutralizing pathogenic infection (Thimmulappa et al., 2006), and dysregulation of inn ...
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... treated with V1 agonist or control vehicle for 24 hr. After treatment, astrocytes were rinsed twice with ice-cold PBS, and total RNA was extracted using TRIzol (Invitrogen) according to the instructions of the manufacturer and resuspended in 10 ␮l of DEPC-treated water. RNA concentration was determi ...
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... © 2012 Beachbody, LLC. All rights reserved. Formulated and exclusively distributed by Beachbody, LLC, Santa Monica, CA 90404. Beachbody, LLC, is the owner of the Shakeology, the Healthiest Meal of the Day, Beachbody, and Team Beachbody trademarks, and all related designs, trademarks, copyrights, and ...
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... Accepted December 6, 2011 ...
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- Wiley Online Library

... (Appendix: Table A2) from GIDEON were the basis for the majority of our analyses. GIDEON also provided basic data on the life history of the pathogens that cause each disease, particularly whether or not each is vector borne. We excluded GIDEON entries from our analyses that were not recorded in the ...
Standard PDF - Wiley Online Library
Standard PDF - Wiley Online Library

... (Appendix: Table A2) from GIDEON were the basis for the majority of our analyses. GIDEON also provided basic data on the life history of the pathogens that cause each disease, particularly whether or not each is vector borne. We excluded GIDEON entries from our analyses that were not recorded in the ...
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... 2 (CDK2) controls Foxp3+Treg function, but the mechanism by which this occurred was not identified. The CDKs are primarily thought to control cell cycle progression. However, recent studies suggest only CDK1 is required for normal mammalian cell cycle, raising questions about the biological role of ...
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... is an important lymphocyte growth factor. In most experimental systems, however, adding prolactin directly to cultures of lymphoid cells does not stimulate mitogenesis. The sensitivity of the cultures to specific concentrations of prolactin, the biphasic effect of prolactin on mitogenesis in culture ...
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Tract Infection Oviduct Pathology in Chlamydial Genital Receptor

... found primarily on mammalian innate immune cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, but are also expressed on many epithelial cells. TLRs act as pattern recognition receptors that enable cells to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). This sheds light on the previously unap ...
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... organisms pay the price of adaptation to life in a biochemically simple environment; the lack of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules on the red blood cell surface means that the presence of the plasmodia will not be announced to the immune system in the form of antigenic peptide ...
Evolution of bopA Gene in Burkholderia: A Case of Convergent
Evolution of bopA Gene in Burkholderia: A Case of Convergent

... related to BopA (Figure 1). The first is a SicP binding domain at the N-terminus [9]. The second is a cholesterol binding domain (SBD) [10]. To investigate whether these two domains are found in eukaryotic proteins, we conducted a further PSIBLAST search using the protein sequences. As a result, the ...
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Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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