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Catalase and NO CATALASE ACTIVITY1 Promote
Catalase and NO CATALASE ACTIVITY1 Promote

Vaginal microbiota and its role in HIV transmission and infection
Vaginal microbiota and its role in HIV transmission and infection

... exhibits relatively high levels prior to menstruation (Giª 2013 Federation of European Microbiological Societies Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. All rights reserved ...
8th Seeon Conference and Science Camp
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... To investigate, if the altered microbial composition of Casp8∆IEC mice drives intestinal inflammation, we performed faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiments in which we reconstituted germ free wild type mice, with Casp8∆IEC and control microflora. Mice treated with Casp8∆IEC microflora sh ...
Recognition of bacteria by inflammasomes.
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... Generic model of inflammasome activation. Cytosolic nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat (NBD-LRR) proteins are maintained in an autoinhibited state until ligand recognition and ATP binding drive oligomerization via the NBD domain. Recruitment of CASP1 to form the inflammasome complex occu ...
Bacteria – host interplay in Staphylococcus aureus infections
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and Adaptive Immune Responses an Endogenous
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... cans are proposed to bridge innate and adaptive immune recognition and response (3). This realization led to a growing interest in Abs to carbohydrate (glycan)-based Ags, as cellular and humoral immune responses rely heavily on interactions between glycans and specific glycan-binding proteins (4). O ...
Combinations of type 1 diabetes, celiac disease and allergy
Combinations of type 1 diabetes, celiac disease and allergy

... To me, myself, and I. With love. ...
Vaccination - The Open University
Vaccination - The Open University

... Since the smallpox virus was declared eradicated ‘in the wild’ in 1980, stocks of virus have been held in secure laboratories in various parts of the world, with the expectation that they would eventually be destroyed. However, since 2001, the perceived threat of bioterrorism has led to debates abou ...
Vaccinia virus protein A46R targets multiple Toll-like
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The parasitic wasp Cotesia congregata uses multiple mechanisms
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Small intestinal eosinophils regulate Th17 cells by producing IL
Small intestinal eosinophils regulate Th17 cells by producing IL

... E osinophils play proinflammatory roles in helminth infections and allergic diseases. Under steady-state conditions, eosinophils are abundantly found in the small intestinal lamina propria, but their physiological function is largely unexplored. In this study, we found that small intestinal eosinoph ...
Small intestinal eosinophils regulate Th17 cells by producing IL
Small intestinal eosinophils regulate Th17 cells by producing IL

... E osinophils play proinflammatory roles in helminth infections and allergic diseases. Under steady-state conditions, eosinophils are abundantly found in the small intestinal lamina propria, but their physiological function is largely unexplored. In this study, we found that small intestinal eosinoph ...
Alopecia areata update
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... pathogenesis of the disease remains to be clarified. Disease prevalence rates from 0.1% to 0.2% have been estimated for the United States. AA can affect any hair-bearing area. It often presents as well demarcated patches of nonscarring alopecia on skin of overtly normal appearance. Recently, newer c ...
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Beyond Hemostasis: The Role of Platelets in Inflammation and Infection Archibald McNicol
Beyond Hemostasis: The Role of Platelets in Inflammation and Infection Archibald McNicol

... E-mail: [email protected] 1871-529X/08 $55.00+.00 ...
Metchnikoff and the phagocytosis theory - BU Blogs
Metchnikoff and the phagocytosis theory - BU Blogs

... century. Indeed, the clonal selection theory and the elucidation of the molecular biology of the immune response count among the great advances in biology during our own era5. Metchnikoff has been assigned to the wine cellar of history, to be pulled out on occasion and celebrated as an old hero. How ...
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... lactate dehydrogenase macromolecules led to disruption of cellular matter and energy metabolism. The concentration of intracellular K+ of E. coli decreased rapidly, which resulted in the imbalance of membrane potential. To maintain the membrane potential, the intracellular ATP was consumed. This cou ...
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Antiviral resistance protein Tm-22 functions on the plasma membrane

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Caco-2, HT-29, HT29 MTX
Caco-2, HT-29, HT29 MTX

... term probiotic was defined more than 20 years ago and is usually defined as live microorganisms or microbial food supplements that confer health benefits for the host, when administered in adequate amounts (Reid et al., 2003). Most probiotics fall into the group of organisms known as lactic acid pro ...
View Full Page PDF
View Full Page PDF

... capability to actually produce POMC as well as CRH peptides and to also express the corresponding receptors. Cutaneous modulation of CRH and POMC production could be mediated by proinflammatory cytokines, as is the case at the systemic level. Thus the skin expresses an equivalent of the HPA axis tha ...
Neutrophil function in the healing wound: adding insult to injury?
Neutrophil function in the healing wound: adding insult to injury?

... pulmonary diseases (37-39), as well as autoimmune diseases, such as Wegener’s granulomatosis (40, 41). The molecular mechanism of endothelial damage in patients suffering from Wegener’s granulomatosis, characterized by systemic vasculitis, is particularly interesting. The binding of anti-neutrophil ...
The ST2/IL-33 Axis in Immune Cells during Inflammatory Diseases
The ST2/IL-33 Axis in Immune Cells during Inflammatory Diseases

... expressed on murine Th2 cells (Figure  3; Table  1) expressing predominantly IL-4, IL-5, or IL-10, but not IFN-γ or IL-2 (40, 85). Its expression is independent of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10, as loss of any of these cytokines does not affect ST2 expression on Th2 cells (40). ST2 expression on Th2 cells i ...
Spirochete Periplasmic Flagella and Motility
Spirochete Periplasmic Flagella and Motility

epstein-barr virus
epstein-barr virus

... the viral envelope glycoprotein gp350/220 with the cellular receptor for the C3d complement component CR2 (CD21) (Fingeroth et al., 1984, 1988; Tanner et al., 1987). After binding of the viral particle to the surface of the host cell and endocytosis, the viral envelope fuses with the host-cell membr ...
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Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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