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PDF - Laboratoire
PDF - Laboratoire

... role through the initial characterization in Drosophila melanogaster of toll receptors and their signalling pathways via transcription factors of the rel family [3, 4] prior to the characterization of similar vertebrates factors [5, 6]. With respect to the invertebrate nervous system, however, littl ...
Defence Against Disease
Defence Against Disease

... As you will recognise when the second and third lines of defence are discussed, white blood cells play a vital role in both non-specific and specific defence. It is vitally important that, when defending the body against pathogens, the white blood cells are able to distinguish foreign cells and part ...
Targeting of specific domains of diphtheria toxin by site
Targeting of specific domains of diphtheria toxin by site

SLIDE 4 Live vaccines
SLIDE 4 Live vaccines

researched area [6]. To date, our validation of the Leicester
researched area [6]. To date, our validation of the Leicester

... specific immune responses were compared in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) by ELISPOT of patients with smear-negative pTB and in patients with nontuberculous pulmonary diseases. Approximately twice the number of PPD specific interferon (IFN)-c releasing BAL mononuclear cells (BALMCs) than RD- ...
Challenging the theory of Artificial Immunity
Challenging the theory of Artificial Immunity

... macrophage system to remove damaged cell tissue. Inflammation is a vital part of the healing and repair process of the immune system and when it is delayed or inhibited, healing and repair is incomplete. ...
cells
cells

Transplantation Surgery
Transplantation Surgery

... • Cadaver graft: Organ retrieved from an individual who has been pronounced dead according to a defined criteria. • Living donors: -Related donors- parent or siblings -Unrelated donors- voluntary or to make money ...
Role of Nano Particles and Viruses in Cancer Immunotherapy by... (Dcs)  Ehsan Soleymaninejadian, Bagher Golzarroshan, Moosa Haideri, Masoud Mesgari, Ali Atarodi
Role of Nano Particles and Viruses in Cancer Immunotherapy by... (Dcs) Ehsan Soleymaninejadian, Bagher Golzarroshan, Moosa Haideri, Masoud Mesgari, Ali Atarodi

... recognition [17, 18].Thus, some steps must be done to prevent this phenomenon, first increased numbers of tumorinfiltrating DC are associated with better outcome in cancer patients with a variety of tumors [19]. Second, the lost expression of chemokine CXCL14 in human SCCHN (squamous cell carcinoma ...
To complete the chapter on the immune system
To complete the chapter on the immune system

... cells. The signal molecules (ligands) in these cases must be able to pass through the cell membrane to reach the receptor. Signal molecules can do this by being hydrophobic or small to cross the phospholipids bilayer. Examples of ligands that can pass through the cell membrane include steroids, thyr ...
Physics - BC Open Textbooks
Physics - BC Open Textbooks

... microbial cell envelope and cell wall. The alternate pathway does not involve antibody activation. Rather, C3 convertase spontaneously breaks down C3. Endogenous regulatory proteins prevent the complement complex from binding to host cells. Pathogens lacking these regulatory proteins are lysed. (cre ...
Host Resistance
Host Resistance

lymph node - immunology.unideb.hu
lymph node - immunology.unideb.hu

ABSTRACT WRITING
ABSTRACT WRITING

... changes in Toxoplasma gondii-infected human cells Cells infected with the intracellular protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii undergo up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, organelle redistribution, and protection from apoptosis. To examine the molecular basis of these and other changes, gene e ...
Cytokines
Cytokines

... dissociation constants in the range of 10-10 to 10-12 (Abs are in the range of 10-7 to 10-10). • The receptor may be composed of multiple subunits with one specific subunit and one or more common subunits (also shared as subunits of receptors for other cytokines). ...
Clustering and commonalities among autoimmune diseases
Clustering and commonalities among autoimmune diseases

1. Systemic autoimmune disease
1. Systemic autoimmune disease

... which behave autonomously and overexpress genes encoding elements of the extracellular matrix, particularly type I collagen. There is also evidence of an underlying autoimmunity: MHC associations, autoimmune serology, familial association with other autoimmune diseases, predominant inflammatory peri ...
Serum proteins
Serum proteins

... blood serum is placed on special paper The paper is exposed to an electric current to separate the serum protein components into five classifications by size and electrical charge, those being serum albumin, alpha-1-globulins, alpha-2-globulins, beta globulins, and gamma globulins. ...
Untitled
Untitled

... warning flags or distress signals. A target properly displayed by a sentinel or infected cell fits into a receptor on the surface of the appropriate lymphocyte in lock-and-key fashion. Immunologists refer to these targetable bits of pathogens as antigens. Dendritic cells and macrophages, to a lesser ...
Defense ALL- Mus Skel Integ Imm Lymph 2016
Defense ALL- Mus Skel Integ Imm Lymph 2016

... prostate cancer cell below being attacked by Killer T Cells ...
Expression of genes involved in the T cell signalling pathway in
Expression of genes involved in the T cell signalling pathway in

... higher in all 4 infected animals examined by qPCR compared with controls at all the time points post challenge. TRAT1 and LAT showed the same trend, with an increase in expression at 10 MPC and 12 MPC. TRAT 1 had statistically significant increased expression at 12 MPC (p < 0.01), then fell to the s ...
Ch 1 section headings and legends
Ch 1 section headings and legends

... any time in the future. These principles apply for both T cell and B cell responses. The efficiency of secondary responses is seen even more clearly in antibody responses, since more appropriate types of antibodies of higher affinity can be produced, compared to those secreted in a primary response ...
Hodgkin`s Disease - American Medical Technologists
Hodgkin`s Disease - American Medical Technologists

MAPLE SYRUP URINE DISEASE
MAPLE SYRUP URINE DISEASE

...  Branched-chain organic acidurias or organic ...
Insects and Microbes
Insects and Microbes

< 1 ... 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 ... 514 >

Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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