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MICROBIOLOGY Class 2
MICROBIOLOGY Class 2

...  Be stable when stored in a liquid or solid form  Remain in specific tissues in the body long enough to be effective  Kill the pathogens before they mutate and become resistant to it ...
PowerPoint 簡報
PowerPoint 簡報

... 3. Host defenses can be comprised by destructing barriers or defective immune response. e.g. Cystic Fibrosis => poor ciliary function => NOT clear mucus efficiently from the respiratory tract => Pseudomonas aeruginosa => serious respiratory distress. ...
Classification of allergens
Classification of allergens

... and in the cell membrane they have receptors of the antibody type, which are able to connect with the antigen. In case of repeated penetration of the allergen into the organism it binds with the sensitized ...
Microsoft Word Format - Weber State University
Microsoft Word Format - Weber State University

... (a) two primary structures (i) -helix (ii) -sheet or pleated sheet (b) easily denatured (5) tertiary structure is additional folding of secondary structure (a) may involve disulfide bridges (between cysteines), hydrogen bonding, other interactions (b) more difficult to denature than secondary stru ...
Fusion Protein Chapter_FINAL
Fusion Protein Chapter_FINAL

Biological Response Modifiers - International Journal of ChemTech
Biological Response Modifiers - International Journal of ChemTech

... they produce that culminate with disease resolution or death. Therefore, the manipulation of the immune system may have a great impact on the preservation and restoration of animal health. Biological response modifiers are agents that modify the host's response to pathogens with resultant beneficial ...


... Extrinsic alveolitis • Caused by deposition if insoluble immune complexes in the lung tissue. The complexes are formed from exogenous antigen and excess if antibodies of IgG class. • 6-8 hours after exposition the patient suffers from dry cough, dyspnea, increased body ...
Triple-Negative First-Line Study: Neoadjuvant Trial of nab
Triple-Negative First-Line Study: Neoadjuvant Trial of nab

Immunopathology of viral infections
Immunopathology of viral infections

Adobe Acrobat  Format
Adobe Acrobat Format



... molecule and a receptor for high-density lipoprotein (HDL) [2, 3, 6, 7] that mediates cholesterol uptake from cells [Rigotti A. et al., Curr. Opin. Lipidol., 8:181-8, 1997; Rigotti A. et al., Proc. Nati. Acad. Sci., 94:12610-5, 1997]. SR-B 1 can also serve as a receptor for non-HDL lipoproteins and ...
Interaction of bacteria with antigen presenting cells: influences on
Interaction of bacteria with antigen presenting cells: influences on

... bind to MHC-I within post-Golgi vacuolar compartments or on the cell surface. By contrast, other models indicate cytosolic mechanisms of alternative processing, whereby whole organisms or Ags escape from vacuolar compartments into the cytosol, undergo cytosolic processing and bind MHC-I in the ER, a ...
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

... The antigen receptors of T lymphocytes only recognize peptide fragments of protein antigens that are bound to specialized peptide display molecules called major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, on the surface of specialized cells called antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Suppressor T cells ...
2. Immunity to malaria
2. Immunity to malaria

... have a lesser function Kill parasites in infected hepatocytes ...
TERMINAL MATURATION OF RESTING B CELLS BY
TERMINAL MATURATION OF RESTING B CELLS BY

To reg or not to reg: that is the question... EDITORIAL S. Baraldo and M. Saetta
To reg or not to reg: that is the question... EDITORIAL S. Baraldo and M. Saetta

... state of final maturation in patients with COPD. These cells are highly cytotoxic, with a strong expression of intracytoplasmic perforin and granzyme, and therefore have a striking potential for determining tissue damage [19]. It is interesting to note that expansion of cells with these characterist ...
Emergent diseases caused by viruses constitute a
Emergent diseases caused by viruses constitute a

... HIV-1 propagation. The vaccine simulated here, either as preventive or therapeutic, is envisaged as stimulating an anti-HIV specific cytolytic T cell response of variable strength, able to kill chronically or latently infected cells. An “immunological” delay, accounting for the time required for the ...
Kuby Immunology 6/e - Dr. Jennifer Capers
Kuby Immunology 6/e - Dr. Jennifer Capers

Type II hypersensitivity target tissues
Type II hypersensitivity target tissues

... • Type II hypersensitivity is mediated by antibodies binding to specific cells. • Type II hypersensitivity reactions may target cells. • Hemolytic disease of the newborn. • Type II hypersensitivity reactions may target tissues. • The role of autoantibodies in disease is not always ...
TABLE 3.1. Antigen Recognition by B and T Cells
TABLE 3.1. Antigen Recognition by B and T Cells

Normal Flora
Normal Flora

4-29-05
4-29-05

... receptors for antigen, all with exactly the same specificity. ...
Preface Cancer Vaccines Protocols and Methods Cancer
Preface Cancer Vaccines Protocols and Methods Cancer

Chapter 1: MAJOR THEMES OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Chapter 1: MAJOR THEMES OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

... When you have completed this section, you should be able to • identify the body’s three lines of defense against pathogens; • contrast nonspecific resistance with immunity; • describe the defensive functions of each kind of leukocyte; • describe the role of the complement system in resistance and im ...
Kynurenines and Multiple Sclerosis: The Dialogue between the
Kynurenines and Multiple Sclerosis: The Dialogue between the

... The pathomechanism in MS is heterogeneous, but in a given individual the same pattern is present throughout the disease course. In the active inflammatory form, four subtypes have been described, which differ as regards the molecules taking part in the process: (1) T cell and macrophage-mediated; (2 ...
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Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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