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REVIEW Using death to one`s advantage: HIV modulation
REVIEW Using death to one`s advantage: HIV modulation

... the new virions are released from the infected cell. AIDS, T cell depletion, and the apoptosis hypothesis HIV-1 infection results in the progressive destruction of CD4+ T lymphocytes. The pathogenic importance of the loss of these T cells correlates with disease progression and increases opportunist ...


... specific for heavy chain consensus sequences [15], using temperature gradient gel electrophoresis, one monoclonal band was detected, which has to be interpreted as monoclonal proliferation of B-blasts [15]. Discussion Pulmonary infections are the most frequent and important complications after heart ...
Blockade of ASC but not NLRP3 Inhibits DC Proliferation and T cell
Blockade of ASC but not NLRP3 Inhibits DC Proliferation and T cell

... Inflammasome, NLRP3, ASC, Dendritic cells, Alloresponses, Allograft rejection ...
Antigen Responses to a Secondary T-Independent T
Antigen Responses to a Secondary T-Independent T

... a greater impact of malaria than infection alone. In these regions, it is common for people to have subpatent malaria infection (7), and therefore, it is important to understand how an established malaria infection could inhibit immunity to a newly acquired infection or vaccine. Evidence for a role ...
Raulet, D.H. 2004. Interplay of natural killer cells and their receptors with the adaptive immune response. Nat Rev Immunol 5:996-1002.
Raulet, D.H. 2004. Interplay of natural killer cells and their receptors with the adaptive immune response. Nat Rev Immunol 5:996-1002.

... Missing-self recognition was the first recognition strategy discovered for NK cells35. The principle is that the NK cell is inhibited by receptors specific for proteins expressed on the surface of normal cells. Strong inhibitory interactions can even prevent the lysis of target cells that express li ...
Lymphatic System - Dr. Salah A. Martin
Lymphatic System - Dr. Salah A. Martin

... of small vessels that penetrate the capsule, ramify in the interlobular c.t./septa, and enter into the parenchyma between the cortex and medulla. Capillaries will extend into the cortex from the corticomedullary zone of the lobules and will extensively anastomize with one another. These capillaries ...
WRL2903.tmp
WRL2903.tmp

... independently of any possible binding to each other. The next question is, where would we expect BB map on this axis? One way of looking at it is to say that AA and BB are both self, so they may be similar to each other, and therefore may map on the same side as each other. On the other hand ...
The interplay of infection, stress and the immune response
The interplay of infection, stress and the immune response

... • Mastitis is the inflammatory response of the mammary gland (MG) tissue to physiological and metabolic changes, traumas, and allergies and, most frequently, to injuries caused by various microorganisms • Common disease, and the economic loss due to mastitis in dairy cattle is estimated at $185/cow/ ...
Commensal Bacteria Shape Intestinal Immune System
Commensal Bacteria Shape Intestinal Immune System

Challenge Recovery from Secondary Poxvirus to Humoral Immunity
Challenge Recovery from Secondary Poxvirus to Humoral Immunity

Regulation of the Germinal Center Dynamics Modelling Two
Regulation of the Germinal Center Dynamics Modelling Two

HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY I (IPHY 3470) 1 Course Learning Goals An
HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY I (IPHY 3470) 1 Course Learning Goals An

2009 - Waddensymposium
2009 - Waddensymposium

... contribute to disease development. In principle, epigenetics explains how external factors can impose aberrant gene expression patterns in an individual life time and even transgenerationally. Epigenetic processes are reversible by nature and can be modulated by small molecule inhibitors which targe ...
Cell Structure and Function - Harvard Life Science Outreach Program
Cell Structure and Function - Harvard Life Science Outreach Program

... If a pathogen can get past these barriers, the body must identify and remove it. -- The skin and the lining of the body cavities that open to the outside must provide a protective barrier. --The entrance to the organs like the gut and the reproductive tract needs to prevent invasion by any pathogen ...
Cross–reactivity of antibodies against microbial proteins to
Cross–reactivity of antibodies against microbial proteins to

... induces myocardial damage with reactive T- and B-lymphocytes, and there are shared epitopes between the M protein and the cardiac myosin (5-7) . A similar mechanism has been described for Epstein-Barr viral infection and hemolytic anemia (8). In our effort to determine the role of mycobacterial infe ...
Immunology - Harvard Life Science Outreach Program
Immunology - Harvard Life Science Outreach Program

... If a pathogen can get past these barriers, the body must identify and remove it. -- The skin and the lining of the body cavities that open to the outside must provide a protective barrier. --The entrance to the organs like the gut and the reproductive tract needs to prevent invasion by any pathogen ...
Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils by Cultured Peripheral Blood
Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils by Cultured Peripheral Blood

... of IFN-g found in cultures of endometrial cells (8, 9). Roles for IFN-g in controlling the growth, differentiation, and immune responsiveness of normal human uterine endometrium have been proposed (8, 10 –12). Despite this, only three studies, two looking at mRNA expression (13, 14) and one staining ...
The Human Immune System is an excellent example of variety in
The Human Immune System is an excellent example of variety in

... If a pathogen can get past these barriers, the body must identify and remove it. -- The skin and the lining of the body cavities that open to the outside must provide a protective barrier. --The entrance to the organs like the gut and the reproductive tract needs to prevent invasion by any pathogen ...
Staining
Staining

... produced ...
KP 10
KP 10

... reactions where the antibody (IgG or IgM) is directed against antigen on an individual’s own cells or against foreign antibody, such as that acquired after blood transfusion • This may lead to cytotoxic action by killer cells or to lysis mediated by the complement system ...
The Pulmonary Center Our research enterprise
The Pulmonary Center Our research enterprise

... Molecular Medicine and Bioinformatics; also Immunology, Cell & Molecular Biology, Pathology, etc.) – Need to develop additional funding mechanisms ...
- St George`s, University of London
- St George`s, University of London

... results from the generation of “memory” cells, which intrinsically and individually have a long lifespan. Such cells are often referred to as “long-lived memory-cells”, the emphasis being on the longevity of the cells, rather than the memory. The problem with this paradigm is that it conflicts with ...
Cell-mediated  immunity  in  pigeon  breeders'  lung:... removal  from  antigen  exposure
Cell-mediated immunity in pigeon breeders' lung:... removal from antigen exposure

... Although the pathogenesis of extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA) has been considered to be an immune complex mediated tissue injury, current opinion considers that EAA reflects a local cell-mediated immune response [1-3]. Antigen is deposited in the lung and precipitating antibodies are present in t ...
Characterization of novel natural killer (NK)–cell and γδT
Characterization of novel natural killer (NK)–cell and γδT

TISSUE STRUCTURE
TISSUE STRUCTURE

... Histology is the study of tissue structure, extending from the level of the individual cell, through organs to organ systems. Histology is obviously related to Cell Biology (Cytology) and to Anatomy. It also forms the structural basis for understanding Function (Physiology) and is the preparation fo ...
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Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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