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Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology
Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

Differential Leukocyte Counts of SJL/J Mice with
Differential Leukocyte Counts of SJL/J Mice with

... all other experimental groups assessed except for the negative control SWR/J mice, possessing normal muscle and used in research as a general purpose strain. Eosinophil granules are suggested to reduce inflammation caused by other leukocytes. At onset of dysferlinopathy between four and six weeks of ...
The structural network of inflammation and cancer: Merits and
The structural network of inflammation and cancer: Merits and

The importance of the type I interferon system in autoimmunity
The importance of the type I interferon system in autoimmunity

(P>0.05)。
(P>0.05)。

... HBV patients (n=22) and healthy controls (n=20) after stimulation with CpGODN 2216. After 24 hours of stimulation, cytokine production was determined in the culture supernatants by specific ELISAs. (A) pDCs of patients were significantly impaired in their ability to produce IFN-αcompared to healthy ...
Smart cell assays for immuno-oncology
Smart cell assays for immuno-oncology

... Smart cell assays for immuno-oncology Revealing the interplay between cancer and immune cells Tim O’Callaghan ...
Moringa Oleifera
Moringa Oleifera

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Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Antigen 2 Is a Specific Marker of Type I
Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Antigen 2 Is a Specific Marker of Type I

... and expressed it in 293 cells. These transfectants had only minimal cell surface expression of BST2, as detected by mAb 927 (data not shown). Interestingly, the downstream methionine is conserved in human BST2, and it may be that this is the major start site for BST2 expressed on the cell surface. E ...
Stem Cell Research and Potential Medical Interventions
Stem Cell Research and Potential Medical Interventions

... In order to be able to use stem cells for treatments, especially transplanted tissue, a solution needs to be devised to stop immune responses against stem cells. There are many articles from various authors who have done investigations to find ways to prevent stem cells from being rejected in the bo ...
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maturation of humoral immune responses
maturation of humoral immune responses

... T cells share a common progenitor in the BM with B cells; however their development into functionally competent cells takes place in a different organ, the thymus. In the thymic environment the T cell progenitors rearrange the genes coding for their antigen specific receptor. The process in which th ...
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Fetal Cell Detection and Quantification

... 2013 HBF-04 CAP survey, 5% of the 929 participants used flow cytometry to quantify fetal cells, a slight increase from 4.2% in the 2009 survey.6,7 There are several FDA-approved flow cytometry methods that use either anti-HbF or anti-D or a combination of both. These methods have an advantage over t ...
Towards a conceptual framework for innate immunity
Towards a conceptual framework for innate immunity

... organism by processes such as clonal expansion, deletion or anergy and are under adaptive not evolutionary pressure. Conversely, innate immune system receptors recognise a genetically-determined set of ligands under evolutionary pressure. One key group of innate receptors is the pattern recognition ...
Accurate pan-specific prediction of peptide-MHC class II
Accurate pan-specific prediction of peptide-MHC class II

... the antigen presenting cell surface, where they can be recognized by T helper lymphocytes. If the peptide fragment is of foreign origin, the T cells can help initiating an appropriate immune response (Castellino et al. 1997; Germain 1994; Rudolph et al. 2006). A key characteristic of T cells is that ...
Immunology of Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells
Immunology of Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells

... transplantation (46). Therefore, allogeneic stem cells may not have reliable immune privilege. In order to generate sufficient numbers of stem cells for therapeutics, isolated stem cells are often required to expand and induced to differentiate in vitro (47). For example, to direct autologous adult ...
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... To visualize the formation of cellular protrusions and filopodia in relation to ␣E(CD103)␤7 expression, ␣E-WT, constitutively active (␣E-open) and constitutively inactive (␣E-closed) species, respectively, were fused to YFP and transfected into K562 cells. The cells were cotransfected with the unlab ...
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... Many of these infectious agents are capable of causing serious abnormal physiologic function or even death if they invade the deeper tissues. In addition,we are exposed intermittently to other highly infectious bacteria and viruses besides those that are normally present, and these can cause acute l ...
the quest for a universal vaccine
the quest for a universal vaccine

... for innovative immunisations, although finding new vaccines is increasingly difficult. “We’ve picked the low-hanging fruit,” says Georgina Drury, programme manager for immunology at the UK MRC’s Infections and Immunity Board. About 20 major global infections do not have vaccines, including hepatitis ...
Type I
Type I

... Under some circumstances, immunity, rather than providing protection, produces damaging and sometimes fatal results. Such deleterious reactions are known collectively as hypersensitivity reactions, but it should be remembered that they differ from protective immune reactions only in that they are ex ...
Coxsackievirus B3 Is an Oncolytic Virus with
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... Correlation of CVB3-mediated cytotoxicity and expression levels of surface receptors on NSCLC Cells We next compared the expression level of the CVB3 receptors, CAR and DAF (25) on various human NSCLC and normal lung cell lines. NSCLC cell lines expressed moderate to high levels of CAR, whereas norm ...
A Pattern Matching Algorithm for Codon Optimization and CpG Motif
A Pattern Matching Algorithm for Codon Optimization and CpG Motif

... genes, a range of molecular approaches is being evaluated to up-regulate immune responses generated by DNA vaccines. Co-expression of cytokine genes [20], costimulatory receptors ...
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Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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