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PDF file - Robinson Lab
PDF file - Robinson Lab

... membranes binds ckit (CD117) on the lymphocyte membrane, and secreted cytokines, especially interleukin (IL)-7, promote B cell development [7-9]. B cells bind antigen with varying affinity through B cell receptors that gain diversity through intrachromosomal variable (V) and constant (C) region reco ...
FUNCTIONAL SUBCLASSES OF T LYMPHOCYTES
FUNCTIONAL SUBCLASSES OF T LYMPHOCYTES

Synovial lining cell hyperplasia in rheumatoid arthritis
Synovial lining cell hyperplasia in rheumatoid arthritis

... cells derived from bone marrow may account for the increase in synovial lining cells. In non-rheumatoid synovial lining 20-30% of synovial lining cells are HLA-DR positive.'8 These are the type A macrophage-like cells by immunoelectronmicroscopy.19 2) In contrast, in rheumatoid tissue 80-100% of the ...
Origin and fate of hematopoietic stem precursor cells in the leech
Origin and fate of hematopoietic stem precursor cells in the leech

... of each of these immune cells are described in detail below, including molecular markers with which they have subsequently been associated. Macrophage-like cells Phagocytosis is a primordial aspect of innate immunity and is highly conserved in all metazoan. In H. medicinalis, macrophages-like cells ...
A two-step model of T cell subset commitment: antigen
A two-step model of T cell subset commitment: antigen

Sullivan`s review on Viral non
Sullivan`s review on Viral non

... NK cells. Given the lack of an animal model for HCMV infection, it is unclear what role this function of miR-UL112 will have during infection in vivo. However, targeting MICB is probably crucial for successful HCMV infection in vivo because the viral protein UL16 reduces cell-surface expression of M ...
Propolis
Propolis

... alpha-induced MMP1 or MMP3 production and did not decrease LPS-induced secretion of MMP1.  Among the serum proinflammatory cytokines, the production of TNF-alpha in the BV group was suppressed compared to the control group but IL-1beta was not ...
Real-time T-cell profiling identifies H60 as a major
Real-time T-cell profiling identifies H60 as a major

... graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), in which donor T cells generate a response against host alloantigens. There are 2 critical gaps in understanding the pathogenesis of GVHD. The first is in the cellular progression of this disease. It is established that GVHD is a consequence of donor CD4 and CD8 T c ...
Plasmodium
Plasmodium

... People with ovalocytosis have blood cell walls that are so rigid they can’t slip through capillaries. The rigid cell walls make it hard for the parasite to enter the cell and the cell’s rigidity appears to prevent the parasite pumping in phosphates and sulphates it n ...


... targets and have well conserved Ag recognition receptors. Another advantage of this strategy, beside the enhancement of the anti-tumor effector functions of Vγ9Vδ2-T cells, is the ability of Vγ9Vδ2-T cells to act as professional APC at the tumor site. The APC function in human Vγ9Vδ2-T cells has bee ...
Staphylococcus aureus Lpl Lipoproteins Delay G2/M Phase
Staphylococcus aureus Lpl Lipoproteins Delay G2/M Phase

Lymphoid neogenesis in vascular chronic inflammation - HAL
Lymphoid neogenesis in vascular chronic inflammation - HAL

... predetermined locations, the formation of tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) can occur in adults at ectopic sites in any tissue in the context of persistent inflammatory disorders, such as autoimmune diseases, cancer, and organ transplantation (1-3). The molecular mechanisms underlying the organization ...
A T R LTERNATIVE
A T R LTERNATIVE

... or progressive course. Of all the forms of arthritis, RA tends ...
Rubella Virus capsid protein (9B11): sc-65935
Rubella Virus capsid protein (9B11): sc-65935

Compatibility of plasmids expressing different antigens in a single
Compatibility of plasmids expressing different antigens in a single

... antibody when plasmids were mixed. Any inhibition measured was typically equivalent to one fourfold endpoint titre, and is thus not excessively strong. The use of submaximal doses enhances variability between animals such that most apparent inhibition seen in Fig. 3 is not statistically significant. ...
Biology of Cancer
Biology of Cancer

... transmitted from patient to patient major cause of surgical wounds and systemic infections antibiotic resistance is transferred to other organisms recent NHS directive to alcohol wash hands between beds has cut incidence by 50% ...
Introduction
Introduction

Chapter_24_HB_Immune
Chapter_24_HB_Immune

... – Y-shaped molecules made of light peptide chains and heavy peptide chains – Both chains have constant and variable regions that form highly specific antigen binding sites – Each type of antibody is unique to the B cell that makes them Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin ...
Passive vs active & vaccines
Passive vs active & vaccines

... passes antibodies to it. This is a way of acquiring PASSIVE immunity as it is a way of gaining antibodies without the immune system having to produce them. The thick, yellowish milk (colostrum) that is produced for the first few days after birth is particularly rich in antibodies. ...
Bronchoalveolar  lavage  cell  analysis  in ... viral  pneumonia S Myou*,  M
Bronchoalveolar lavage cell analysis in ... viral pneumonia S Myou*, M

... Measles is sti 11 a common illness in the world [I, 2]. The most common complication of this disease is pneumonia which is classified as primary measles viral pneumonia (MVP) or secondary bacterial pneumonia [3, 4]. A number of studies have demonstrated the immunological changes due to measles virus ...
New Insights into Zika virus pathogenesis
New Insights into Zika virus pathogenesis

... • ZIKV is sexually-transmitted in humans (e.g., male to female and male to male) • ZIKV RNA has been detected in semen for 139 days in humans • ZIKV antigen has been detected in human sperm • ZIKV persists in testes of mice for months: Testis are an immune-privileged site ...
Innate or Adaptive Immunity? The Example of Natural Killer Cells
Innate or Adaptive Immunity? The Example of Natural Killer Cells

... effector function through a limited repertoire of germline-encoded receptors. In contrast, adaptive immunity in mammals is characterized by two types of lymphocytes, T and B cells, clonally expressing a large repertoire of antigen receptors that are produced by site-specific somatic recombination, t ...
Endocrine System: Overview
Endocrine System: Overview

... 13. Describe the sequential steps of phagocytosis. chemotaxis adherence ingestion digestion killing exocytosis 14. In what ways can pathogens “fight back” against immune mechanisms? ...
the streptococci
the streptococci

... detection of bacterial and other microbial antigens in body fluids. For example, Streptococcal antigens in throat swab samples can be now detected within 10-60 minutes depending in the system being used. B. Latex agglutination tests are also available to detect antibodies that develops during certai ...
Sondel PM, Hank JA, Wendel T, Flynn B and Bozdech MJ. HLA
Sondel PM, Hank JA, Wendel T, Flynn B and Bozdech MJ. HLA

... histocompatibility antigens controlled by the HLA region (1, 2). Lymphocytes from healthy donors who have never been directly immunized with foreign tissue mount a rapid proliferative response to foreign HLAD antigens in the mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC)' and generate highly reactive cytotoxic T ly ...
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Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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