Enzymes ppt
... Denaturation - when a protein unfolds and loses its overall shape (and thus function) due to increased temp or changes in pH Denatured enzymes lose the shape of their active site ...
... Denaturation - when a protein unfolds and loses its overall shape (and thus function) due to increased temp or changes in pH Denatured enzymes lose the shape of their active site ...
Bio A- Biochem Enzyme Note Packet Enzymes are a type of ___
... Coenzyme: organic molecules (like vitamins) that help a substrate bind to its enzyme o Organic means??? _CONTAINS C and H (and since it is found in living things..Oxygen! _____ Cofactors: inorganic molecules (like Zn, Cu) that help a substrate bind to its enzyme Both coenzymes and cofactors bind to ...
... Coenzyme: organic molecules (like vitamins) that help a substrate bind to its enzyme o Organic means??? _CONTAINS C and H (and since it is found in living things..Oxygen! _____ Cofactors: inorganic molecules (like Zn, Cu) that help a substrate bind to its enzyme Both coenzymes and cofactors bind to ...
Ch9CellularRespiration
... • Energy is transferred in the form of electrons • Electrons are transferred through hydrogens (it is the mechanism for electron transfer) • Some energy is stored as phosphate bonds in ATP • Hydrogen carriers (NAD+) shuttle electrons in oxidationreduction reactions • LEO-GER: - Loss of e- is oxidati ...
... • Energy is transferred in the form of electrons • Electrons are transferred through hydrogens (it is the mechanism for electron transfer) • Some energy is stored as phosphate bonds in ATP • Hydrogen carriers (NAD+) shuttle electrons in oxidationreduction reactions • LEO-GER: - Loss of e- is oxidati ...
ATP/NADH Ledger
... Although carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are all consumed as fuel, it is helpful to trace cellular respiration with the sugar glucose: • The catabolism of glucose is exergonic with a G of −686 kcal per mole of glucose. • Some of this energy is used to produce ATP, which can perform cellular work C ...
... Although carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are all consumed as fuel, it is helpful to trace cellular respiration with the sugar glucose: • The catabolism of glucose is exergonic with a G of −686 kcal per mole of glucose. • Some of this energy is used to produce ATP, which can perform cellular work C ...
info and study guide
... Citric acid Cycle: Structures of all intermediates, names of all intermediates, names of regulated enzymes, mechanisms presented in slides only (See worksheet) Electron transport chain: know complexes by number, mobile carriers, protons pumped Oxidative phosphorylation: evidence for chemiosmotic hyp ...
... Citric acid Cycle: Structures of all intermediates, names of all intermediates, names of regulated enzymes, mechanisms presented in slides only (See worksheet) Electron transport chain: know complexes by number, mobile carriers, protons pumped Oxidative phosphorylation: evidence for chemiosmotic hyp ...
BCH 201 – GENERAL BIOCHEMISTRY 1 – (3 UNITS) DR
... The existence of enzymes has been known for well over a century. Some of the earliest studies were performed in 1835 by the Swedish chemist Jon Jakob Berzelius who termed their chemical action catalytic. It was not until 1926, however, that the first enzyme was obtained in pure form, a feat accompli ...
... The existence of enzymes has been known for well over a century. Some of the earliest studies were performed in 1835 by the Swedish chemist Jon Jakob Berzelius who termed their chemical action catalytic. It was not until 1926, however, that the first enzyme was obtained in pure form, a feat accompli ...
Name: TF Name: 1
... two coupled reactions. Both reactions use NAD+/NADH (short for “nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide,” a derivative of vitamin B3 that you will learn more about in later courses. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide can exist in two forms: NAD+ or NADH). Both reactions are described below, along with thei ...
... two coupled reactions. Both reactions use NAD+/NADH (short for “nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide,” a derivative of vitamin B3 that you will learn more about in later courses. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide can exist in two forms: NAD+ or NADH). Both reactions are described below, along with thei ...
Appendices 1-5
... formation of the complex between cytochromes C and C1. 7) Cytochrome C oxidase VIIa 1 (Cox7a1) is also one of the nuclear-coded polypeptide chains of cytochrome C oxidase, the terminal oxidase in mitochondrial electron transport. 8) Cytochrome C oxidase polypeptide VIII (Cox8b) is other of the nucle ...
... formation of the complex between cytochromes C and C1. 7) Cytochrome C oxidase VIIa 1 (Cox7a1) is also one of the nuclear-coded polypeptide chains of cytochrome C oxidase, the terminal oxidase in mitochondrial electron transport. 8) Cytochrome C oxidase polypeptide VIII (Cox8b) is other of the nucle ...
14-7-SA-V1-S1__enzym..
... b. typically yields product more rapidly with an enzyme than the normal substrate. c. is less stable when binding to an enzyme than the normal substrate. d. stabilizes the transition state for the normal enzyme-substrate complex. ...
... b. typically yields product more rapidly with an enzyme than the normal substrate. c. is less stable when binding to an enzyme than the normal substrate. d. stabilizes the transition state for the normal enzyme-substrate complex. ...
ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration Powerpoint
... mitochondria will undergo aerobic respiration which leads to the Krebs cycle. However, if oxygen is not present, fermentation of the pyruvate molecule will occur. In the presence of oxygen, when acetyl-CoA is produced, the molecule then enters the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) ...
... mitochondria will undergo aerobic respiration which leads to the Krebs cycle. However, if oxygen is not present, fermentation of the pyruvate molecule will occur. In the presence of oxygen, when acetyl-CoA is produced, the molecule then enters the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) ...
Essential Questions: What is an enzyme? How do enzymes work
... Wait, What is a Chemical Reaction? • The process of changing one set of chemicals (reactants) into another set of chemicals (products) by rearranging the atoms. • The bonds joining the reactants are broken and new bonds are formed in the products. • All life processes are driven by chemical ...
... Wait, What is a Chemical Reaction? • The process of changing one set of chemicals (reactants) into another set of chemicals (products) by rearranging the atoms. • The bonds joining the reactants are broken and new bonds are formed in the products. • All life processes are driven by chemical ...
******* 1
... Also thiamin diphosphate cooperate in biosynthesis of branched A.A such as leucine, isoleucine and valine). The active form of thiamin ,thiamin pyrophosphate(TPP) also involved in transketolation which occur in pentose-phosphate cycle which an important direct oxidative pathway in metabolism of gluc ...
... Also thiamin diphosphate cooperate in biosynthesis of branched A.A such as leucine, isoleucine and valine). The active form of thiamin ,thiamin pyrophosphate(TPP) also involved in transketolation which occur in pentose-phosphate cycle which an important direct oxidative pathway in metabolism of gluc ...
Complex IV
... FADH2 doesn't leave the complex, but its electrons are transferred to Fe-S cluster then to Q for the entry to the electron transport chain, the same thing for the FADH2 moieties of glycerol dehydrogenase, and Fatty acyl Co dehydrogenase transfer their high potential electrons to Q to from QH2, these ...
... FADH2 doesn't leave the complex, but its electrons are transferred to Fe-S cluster then to Q for the entry to the electron transport chain, the same thing for the FADH2 moieties of glycerol dehydrogenase, and Fatty acyl Co dehydrogenase transfer their high potential electrons to Q to from QH2, these ...
Complex I - ISpatula
... FADH2 is formed in citric acid cycle by the oxidation of the succinate to fumarate by succinate dehydrogenase (complex II) which is integral protein in the mitochondrial inner membrane, FADH2 doesn't leave the complex, but its electrons are transferred to Fe-S cluster then to Q for the entry to the ...
... FADH2 is formed in citric acid cycle by the oxidation of the succinate to fumarate by succinate dehydrogenase (complex II) which is integral protein in the mitochondrial inner membrane, FADH2 doesn't leave the complex, but its electrons are transferred to Fe-S cluster then to Q for the entry to the ...
Document
... 3. In general terms, explain the role of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration. 4. Identify the three stages of cellular respiration and state the region of the eukaryotic cell where each stage occurs. 5. Understand the process of glycolysis, and explain why ATP is required for the pr ...
... 3. In general terms, explain the role of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration. 4. Identify the three stages of cellular respiration and state the region of the eukaryotic cell where each stage occurs. 5. Understand the process of glycolysis, and explain why ATP is required for the pr ...
LP - Columbia University
... We have labeled the carbons of acetyl-CoA with an asterisk and a dot so that we can follow them as they go through this set of reactions. In the laboratory, it is also possible to use organic molecules labeled in this way, by using molecules in which particular carbons or hydrogens have been replace ...
... We have labeled the carbons of acetyl-CoA with an asterisk and a dot so that we can follow them as they go through this set of reactions. In the laboratory, it is also possible to use organic molecules labeled in this way, by using molecules in which particular carbons or hydrogens have been replace ...
Chem 150 quiz #6
... 10. Will the coupled reaction using the two reactions below be spontaneous or nonspontaneous? ATP + H2O ----> ADP + Pi Glucose + Pi ----> Glucose-6-Pi + H2O a. spontaneous ...
... 10. Will the coupled reaction using the two reactions below be spontaneous or nonspontaneous? ATP + H2O ----> ADP + Pi Glucose + Pi ----> Glucose-6-Pi + H2O a. spontaneous ...
Document
... substrate – Reversible inhibitor: slow down the enzyme’s interaction with the substrate by alternately occupying and leaving the active site ...
... substrate – Reversible inhibitor: slow down the enzyme’s interaction with the substrate by alternately occupying and leaving the active site ...
... By the end of this section you should be able to: Identify ATP as the high energy compound which transfers energy, and is produced when ADP combines with phosphate in phosphorylation, building up energy, and releases energy when broken down into ADP and phosphate once more. State that cells use high ...
Chapter 6 How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy
... In substrate-level phosphorylation, an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from a substrate molecule to ADP, forming ATP – This ATP can be used immediately, but NADH must be transported through the electron transport chain to generate additional ATP ...
... In substrate-level phosphorylation, an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from a substrate molecule to ADP, forming ATP – This ATP can be used immediately, but NADH must be transported through the electron transport chain to generate additional ATP ...
Metabolism Aerobic Respiration Other Ways of Generating ATP
... How Much ATP Can Be Generated? • 4 ATP gross (2 ATP net) in glycolysis • 2 GTP in the Krebs cycle • Theoretical maximum P/O ratios (#ATP per molecule of O2 consumed) of 3 ATP per NADH and 2 ATP per FADH2 – 10 NADH × 3 = 30 ATP – 2 FADH2 × 2 = 4 ATP ...
... How Much ATP Can Be Generated? • 4 ATP gross (2 ATP net) in glycolysis • 2 GTP in the Krebs cycle • Theoretical maximum P/O ratios (#ATP per molecule of O2 consumed) of 3 ATP per NADH and 2 ATP per FADH2 – 10 NADH × 3 = 30 ATP – 2 FADH2 × 2 = 4 ATP ...
Krebs cycle
... 6.12 Chemiosmosis powers ATP production • The electrons from NADH and FADH2 travel down the electron transport chain to oxygen • Energy released by the electrons is used to pump H+ ions into the space between the mitochondrial membranes • In chemiosmosis, the H+ ions diffuse back through the inner m ...
... 6.12 Chemiosmosis powers ATP production • The electrons from NADH and FADH2 travel down the electron transport chain to oxygen • Energy released by the electrons is used to pump H+ ions into the space between the mitochondrial membranes • In chemiosmosis, the H+ ions diffuse back through the inner m ...
Biochemistry The Citric Acid Cycle Chapter 17:
... – Can be a source of acetyl CoA for fatty acid synthesis ...
... – Can be a source of acetyl CoA for fatty acid synthesis ...
Respiration
... • Less than 38 ATP (~30 in humans) • Most cells transfer electrons from cytosolic NADH to FADH2 in the mitochondrial matrix – Lose 2 ATP ...
... • Less than 38 ATP (~30 in humans) • Most cells transfer electrons from cytosolic NADH to FADH2 in the mitochondrial matrix – Lose 2 ATP ...
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme found in all living cells. The compound is a dinucleotide, because it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups. One nucleotide contains an adenine base and the other nicotinamide. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide exists in two forms, an oxidized and reduced form abbreviated as NAD+ and NADH respectively.In metabolism, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another. The coenzyme is, therefore, found in two forms in cells: NAD+ is an oxidizing agent – it accepts electrons from other molecules and becomes reduced. This reaction forms NADH, which can then be used as a reducing agent to donate electrons. These electron transfer reactions are the main function of NAD. However, it is also used in other cellular processes, the most notable one being a substrate of enzymes that add or remove chemical groups from proteins, in posttranslational modifications. Because of the importance of these functions, the enzymes involved in NAD metabolism are targets for drug discovery.In organisms, NAD can be synthesized from simple building-blocks (de novo) from the amino acids tryptophan or aspartic acid. In an alternative fashion, more complex components of the coenzymes are taken up from food as the vitamin called niacin. Similar compounds are released by reactions that break down the structure of NAD. These preformed components then pass through a salvage pathway that recycles them back into the active form. Some NAD is also converted into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP); the chemistry of this related coenzyme is similar to that of NAD, but it has different roles in metabolism.Although NAD+ is written with a superscript plus sign because of the formal charge on a particular nitrogen atom, at physiological pH for the most part it is actually a singly charged anion (charge of minus 1), while NADH is a doubly charged anion.