ch9sec1n2_2013
... If all the energy was released in one step… most would be lost as light and heat ____________________! ...
... If all the energy was released in one step… most would be lost as light and heat ____________________! ...
CH9 Sec 3: Cellular Respiration Glycolysis • Before you can use
... The Krebs cycle feeds NADH and FADH2 to the electron transport chain, which can produce up to 34 ATP molecules. ...
... The Krebs cycle feeds NADH and FADH2 to the electron transport chain, which can produce up to 34 ATP molecules. ...
6.3 Enzymes and Nucleic Acids ~ powerpoint
... • Mainly responsible for reactions related to detoxification and energy production. • Even though, these enzymes are produced by almost all living cells, cells in the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, etc., make most of the metabolic enzymes ...
... • Mainly responsible for reactions related to detoxification and energy production. • Even though, these enzymes are produced by almost all living cells, cells in the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, etc., make most of the metabolic enzymes ...
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN (student)
... • They need to be pumped back by the transport protein ATP SYNTHASE • As H+ ions are passed through ATP SYNTHASE, the free energy of the gradient is reduced, thus releasing enough energy to produce ATP • ADP + Pi ATP ...
... • They need to be pumped back by the transport protein ATP SYNTHASE • As H+ ions are passed through ATP SYNTHASE, the free energy of the gradient is reduced, thus releasing enough energy to produce ATP • ADP + Pi ATP ...
Cellular Respiration Packet
... • _____________________________: physical process that allows animals and humans to come into contact with gases in the air. • _____________________________: chemical process that releases energy from organic compounds (food), gradually converting it into energy that is stored in ATP molecules ...
... • _____________________________: physical process that allows animals and humans to come into contact with gases in the air. • _____________________________: chemical process that releases energy from organic compounds (food), gradually converting it into energy that is stored in ATP molecules ...
enzymes
... putting two substrate molecules together. (a) In the "lock-and-key" mechanism the substrates have a complementary fit to the enzyme's active site. (b) In the induced-fit model, binding of substrates induces a conformational change in the enzyme. Genetica per Scienze Naturali a.a. 06-07 prof S. Presc ...
... putting two substrate molecules together. (a) In the "lock-and-key" mechanism the substrates have a complementary fit to the enzyme's active site. (b) In the induced-fit model, binding of substrates induces a conformational change in the enzyme. Genetica per Scienze Naturali a.a. 06-07 prof S. Presc ...
Allied Biochemistry II - E
... 4. The components of respiratory chain are arranged in the order of (a) increasing redox potential (b) decreasing redox potential (c) independent of redox potential (d) none of the above 5. The common metabolite of carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism (a) acetyl CoA (b) pyruvate (c) fumarate ...
... 4. The components of respiratory chain are arranged in the order of (a) increasing redox potential (b) decreasing redox potential (c) independent of redox potential (d) none of the above 5. The common metabolite of carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism (a) acetyl CoA (b) pyruvate (c) fumarate ...
Chapter 16.6 & 16.7 Enzymes & Enzyme Actions
... Hydrogen peroxide Oxygen + Water 2 H2O2 O2 + 2 H2O ...
... Hydrogen peroxide Oxygen + Water 2 H2O2 O2 + 2 H2O ...
Aromatic Amino Acid Metabolism
... that several of the monooxygenases involved in aromatic amino acid biosynthesis are referred to as "hydroxylases". Dioxygenases C-C + O2 -----> HO-C-C-OH Here, all 4 electrons are derived from the principal carbon substrate, so there is no redox cofactor required. STUDY QUESTIONS What is the differe ...
... that several of the monooxygenases involved in aromatic amino acid biosynthesis are referred to as "hydroxylases". Dioxygenases C-C + O2 -----> HO-C-C-OH Here, all 4 electrons are derived from the principal carbon substrate, so there is no redox cofactor required. STUDY QUESTIONS What is the differe ...
The Point is to Make ATP!
... Overview of cellular respiration Aerobic respiration As pyruvate moves into the mitochondria, multiple steps occur Link Reaction (prepares pyruvate to move through ...
... Overview of cellular respiration Aerobic respiration As pyruvate moves into the mitochondria, multiple steps occur Link Reaction (prepares pyruvate to move through ...
1.Lect .AADegradation
... amino acid by transamination (generally first or second step of amino acid catabolic pathways) and collection of N in glutamic acid Deamination of glutamic acid with release of NH4+ by glutamate dehydrogenase Collection of N in glutamine or alanine for delivery to liver Removal of NH4+ by : i. s ...
... amino acid by transamination (generally first or second step of amino acid catabolic pathways) and collection of N in glutamic acid Deamination of glutamic acid with release of NH4+ by glutamate dehydrogenase Collection of N in glutamine or alanine for delivery to liver Removal of NH4+ by : i. s ...
Chapter 9: Glycolysis & Krebs Cycle
... This conversion occurs in 3 steps: 1) carboxyl group removed & given off as CO2 (2 CO2 produced, 1 for each pyruvate) 2) each remaining 2-C fragment is oxidized forming acetate; the extracted electrons are transferred to NAD+, forming NADH (2 NADH produced, 1 for each fragment). ...
... This conversion occurs in 3 steps: 1) carboxyl group removed & given off as CO2 (2 CO2 produced, 1 for each pyruvate) 2) each remaining 2-C fragment is oxidized forming acetate; the extracted electrons are transferred to NAD+, forming NADH (2 NADH produced, 1 for each fragment). ...
Pentose Phosphate Pathway - Lectures For UG-5
... (from carbon 1 of glucose), and a second molecule of NADPH (Figure 13.2). ...
... (from carbon 1 of glucose), and a second molecule of NADPH (Figure 13.2). ...
A change in temperature affects an enzymatic reaction because
... They can be denatured if the pH of their environment is too high or too low. They can be used to catalyze a chemical reaction over and over again. They can be complete or apoenzymes They all function best at 37°C. ...
... They can be denatured if the pH of their environment is too high or too low. They can be used to catalyze a chemical reaction over and over again. They can be complete or apoenzymes They all function best at 37°C. ...
You Light Up My Life
... Lactate Fermentation • Carried out by certain bacteria • No mitochondria, so where does this take place? • Electron transfer chain is in bacterial plasma membrane • Final electron acceptor is compound from environment (such as nitrate), not oxygen • ATP yield is low ...
... Lactate Fermentation • Carried out by certain bacteria • No mitochondria, so where does this take place? • Electron transfer chain is in bacterial plasma membrane • Final electron acceptor is compound from environment (such as nitrate), not oxygen • ATP yield is low ...
Chapter 2-ROLE OF ENZYMES
... 18. If a reaction proceeds quickly when there is an increase of enzyme but eventually declines because there isn’t enough substrate, we say the substrate is acting as what type of factor? 19. Name the two types of inhibitor that can decrease or halt the rate of an enzyme-controlled reaction. 20. Whi ...
... 18. If a reaction proceeds quickly when there is an increase of enzyme but eventually declines because there isn’t enough substrate, we say the substrate is acting as what type of factor? 19. Name the two types of inhibitor that can decrease or halt the rate of an enzyme-controlled reaction. 20. Whi ...
BCH101 8 Enzymes
... broken. A molecule of water is inserted between these two hexoses, which breaks the chain. Here, then, is a structural view of what it means to lower activation energy. The energy needed to break this covalent bond is lower now that the atoms connected by the bond have been distorted from their norm ...
... broken. A molecule of water is inserted between these two hexoses, which breaks the chain. Here, then, is a structural view of what it means to lower activation energy. The energy needed to break this covalent bond is lower now that the atoms connected by the bond have been distorted from their norm ...
Bio150 Chapter 7
... enzymes associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane called the electron transport chain (ETC) creates a H gradient between the intermembrane space and the matrix of the mitochondria using the H of molecules of NADH and FADH2 that have accumulates in the mitochondrial matrix as products of glyco ...
... enzymes associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane called the electron transport chain (ETC) creates a H gradient between the intermembrane space and the matrix of the mitochondria using the H of molecules of NADH and FADH2 that have accumulates in the mitochondrial matrix as products of glyco ...
The Citric Acid Cycle
... – Allows net conversion of acetyl-CoA to glucose, which animals cannot accomplish ...
... – Allows net conversion of acetyl-CoA to glucose, which animals cannot accomplish ...
CHAPTER-V BIOLOGICAL OXIDATION
... damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities. Inhibitors There are several well-known drugs and toxins that inhibit oxidative phosphorylation. ...
... damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities. Inhibitors There are several well-known drugs and toxins that inhibit oxidative phosphorylation. ...
Pentose phosphate pathway = PPP Pentose phosphate cycle
... The nonoxidative reversible pathway is found in every cells having nucleus, it goes from the end backword to produce ribose-5P for nucleotide/nucleic acid synthesis (ribose-5P concentration of blood is low, even its absorption is negligable, but possible across GLUT) ...
... The nonoxidative reversible pathway is found in every cells having nucleus, it goes from the end backword to produce ribose-5P for nucleotide/nucleic acid synthesis (ribose-5P concentration of blood is low, even its absorption is negligable, but possible across GLUT) ...
Enzymes I
... activities of enzymes are determined by their three-dimensional structure. However, although structure does determine function, predicting a novel enzyme's activity just from its structure is a very difficult problem that has not yet been solved. Most enzymes are much larger than the substrates they ...
... activities of enzymes are determined by their three-dimensional structure. However, although structure does determine function, predicting a novel enzyme's activity just from its structure is a very difficult problem that has not yet been solved. Most enzymes are much larger than the substrates they ...
Enzymes
... living processes .the scope of biochemistry is as vast as life itself . Every aspect of life-birth, growth, reproduction, aging and death, involves biochemistry. For that matter, every moment of life is packed with hundreds of biochemical reactions. Biochemistry is the most rapidly developing and mo ...
... living processes .the scope of biochemistry is as vast as life itself . Every aspect of life-birth, growth, reproduction, aging and death, involves biochemistry. For that matter, every moment of life is packed with hundreds of biochemical reactions. Biochemistry is the most rapidly developing and mo ...
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme found in all living cells. The compound is a dinucleotide, because it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups. One nucleotide contains an adenine base and the other nicotinamide. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide exists in two forms, an oxidized and reduced form abbreviated as NAD+ and NADH respectively.In metabolism, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another. The coenzyme is, therefore, found in two forms in cells: NAD+ is an oxidizing agent – it accepts electrons from other molecules and becomes reduced. This reaction forms NADH, which can then be used as a reducing agent to donate electrons. These electron transfer reactions are the main function of NAD. However, it is also used in other cellular processes, the most notable one being a substrate of enzymes that add or remove chemical groups from proteins, in posttranslational modifications. Because of the importance of these functions, the enzymes involved in NAD metabolism are targets for drug discovery.In organisms, NAD can be synthesized from simple building-blocks (de novo) from the amino acids tryptophan or aspartic acid. In an alternative fashion, more complex components of the coenzymes are taken up from food as the vitamin called niacin. Similar compounds are released by reactions that break down the structure of NAD. These preformed components then pass through a salvage pathway that recycles them back into the active form. Some NAD is also converted into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP); the chemistry of this related coenzyme is similar to that of NAD, but it has different roles in metabolism.Although NAD+ is written with a superscript plus sign because of the formal charge on a particular nitrogen atom, at physiological pH for the most part it is actually a singly charged anion (charge of minus 1), while NADH is a doubly charged anion.