Download Chapter 2-ROLE OF ENZYMES

Chapter 2-ROLE OF ENZYMES
1. Name the substance that can alter the rate of a chemical reaction outside
of living cells.
2. Name the substance found inside cells that can speed up the rate of
biochemical reactions.
3. What name is given to enzymes that work within the cells?
4. What name is given to enzymes that work outside of cells?
5. What type of protein are most enzymes made of although some can be
conjugated proteins?
6. What name is given to the area on an enzyme whose shape is determined
by the type of bonding between amino acids in the polypeptide chains that
make up the enzyme?
7. What name is given to the substance that an enzyme is able to act on?
8. What word describes the fact that only one enzyme fits one type of
substrate?
9. What happens to an enzyme or catalyst at the end of a chemical reaction?
10. What word describes what happens to an enzyme at high temperatures?
11. What name is given to the position of the enzyme and substrate locked
together as shown in the diagram?
12. What happens to the active site of an enzyme at high temperatures?
13. What pH does pepsin enzyme work best at in the stomach?
14. What word is used to describe the best set of conditions that an enzyme
can work at?
15. What happens to the rate of reaction if the concentration of either enzyme
or substrate is increased?
16. Name the enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide.
17. What are the two products of the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide by
this enzyme?
18. If a reaction proceeds quickly when there is an increase of enzyme but
eventually declines because there isn’t enough substrate, we say the
substrate is acting as what type of factor?
19. Name the two types of inhibitor that can decrease or halt the rate of an
enzyme-controlled reaction.
20. Which type of inhibitor competes with the substrate for a position at the
active site?
21. Is this inhibitor able to do this because it is similar or different to the
molecular structure of the substrate?
22. At low concentrations of competitive inhibitor the reaction rate is still
high as few active sites are blocked by the inhibitor leaving the substrates
no difficulty in finding free active sites. What happens to the rate of
reaction as the concentration of competitive inhibitor increases?
23. Which type of inhibitor combines with an area of the enzyme other than
the active site and alters the shape of the active site indirectly so that it
can no longer match up with the substrate?
24. Name four examples of non-competitive inhibitors.
25. Some enzymes require a non-protein substance like minerals in order to
function. What name is given to this substance?
26. What name is given to co-factors that contain vitamins as the main part of
their molecular structure?
27. What name is given to substances that convert inactive forms of digestive
enzymes like trypsinogen to trypsin enzyme so that it can digest protein in
the small intestine?
28. What name is given to the collection of chemical reactions that happen in
the body to keep it alive?
29. What type of inhibitor is shown in the diagram?
30. If a person has developed a fault with gene 2 in the pathway below which
metabolite will build up?
31. What enzyme could not be made in the above pathway if the person
suffered a mutation which meant gene 3 was faulty?
32. What name is given to a fault in genetic information due to mutation
which results in a person being unable to make an enzyme vital in a
metabolic pathway?
33. Name the disorder caused by the body’s inability to deal with
phenylalanine that results in damage to the brain cells.
34. What disorder results from a faulty gene which fails to form melanin?
35. What type of inhibitor is shown in the
diagram?