MedBiochem Exam 1, 1998
... 22. All of the statements about Coenzymes are true EXCEPT A. coenzymes are the non-protein portion of an enzyme B. cosubstrates that associate transiently with the active site of the enzyme C. cosubstrates that undergo an alteration following completion of the reaction D. prosthetic groups are the n ...
... 22. All of the statements about Coenzymes are true EXCEPT A. coenzymes are the non-protein portion of an enzyme B. cosubstrates that associate transiently with the active site of the enzyme C. cosubstrates that undergo an alteration following completion of the reaction D. prosthetic groups are the n ...
products of the dioxygenase reaction ... useful intermediates for natural-product syntheses ...
... These same mutants were also found to oxidize monoterpenes, which are of interest in fine chemical synthesis [25]. The ability to make functional cytochrome P450–NADPH reductase fusion proteins, particularly for mammalian P450s, would simplify the study and application of these enzymes. Such efforts ...
... These same mutants were also found to oxidize monoterpenes, which are of interest in fine chemical synthesis [25]. The ability to make functional cytochrome P450–NADPH reductase fusion proteins, particularly for mammalian P450s, would simplify the study and application of these enzymes. Such efforts ...
BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Problem Unit Four
... heat. Specific examples will be presented many times below so that it will not be necessary to give details here. Try to remember that enzymes are more than mere catalysts. In many instances they direct the flow of energy to/from specific molecules by defining metabolic pathways. It is this property ...
... heat. Specific examples will be presented many times below so that it will not be necessary to give details here. Try to remember that enzymes are more than mere catalysts. In many instances they direct the flow of energy to/from specific molecules by defining metabolic pathways. It is this property ...
Chapter 6 Enzymes
... 1850's Louis Pasteur something in yeast that ferments things 1897 Buchner proved that yeast extracts, not live yeast could ferment sugar term Enzyme coined by Fredrick Kuhne 1st isolated was urease by Sumner 1926 - proved were protein not until 1930's that widely accepted A. Most enzymes are protein ...
... 1850's Louis Pasteur something in yeast that ferments things 1897 Buchner proved that yeast extracts, not live yeast could ferment sugar term Enzyme coined by Fredrick Kuhne 1st isolated was urease by Sumner 1926 - proved were protein not until 1930's that widely accepted A. Most enzymes are protein ...
Novel Specific Halogenating Enzymes from Bacteria
... subunits with a molecular weight of about 61,000. The native molecular weight is not known yet. D-Tryptophan is a better substrate for the enzyme compared to L-tryptophan. When chloride is substituted by bromide in the enzyme assay, no product formation was detected. As no metabolic studies have bee ...
... subunits with a molecular weight of about 61,000. The native molecular weight is not known yet. D-Tryptophan is a better substrate for the enzyme compared to L-tryptophan. When chloride is substituted by bromide in the enzyme assay, no product formation was detected. As no metabolic studies have bee ...
Higher Human Biology unit 1 section 5 ENZYMES
... • A 1 molar solution is produced when 138g are dissolved in 1 litre of water. • A 0.1 molar solution is produced when 13.8g are dissolved in 100ml of water • A 0.01 molar solution is produced when 1.38g are dissolved in 100ml of water Work out what weights of sodium phosphate need to be added to 100 ...
... • A 1 molar solution is produced when 138g are dissolved in 1 litre of water. • A 0.1 molar solution is produced when 13.8g are dissolved in 100ml of water • A 0.01 molar solution is produced when 1.38g are dissolved in 100ml of water Work out what weights of sodium phosphate need to be added to 100 ...
Modelling glycolysis with Cellware
... pathway i.e. to remember which enzymes are subjected to allosteric regulation and to understand how this is achieved. The activity of glycolysis (or more precisely; its enzymes) is adjusted to meet the energy needs of the cell, but also the need of “building blocks” e.g. for amino acid syntesis. In ...
... pathway i.e. to remember which enzymes are subjected to allosteric regulation and to understand how this is achieved. The activity of glycolysis (or more precisely; its enzymes) is adjusted to meet the energy needs of the cell, but also the need of “building blocks” e.g. for amino acid syntesis. In ...
Enzymes
... 3. Finish the sentence: There will/will not be a difference in the mass and appearance of the candy after 15 minutes because… Now let’s get to the candy!!! Remember, do not suck on it!!! ...
... 3. Finish the sentence: There will/will not be a difference in the mass and appearance of the candy after 15 minutes because… Now let’s get to the candy!!! Remember, do not suck on it!!! ...
Energy for Cells
... of carriers that pass electrons from one to the other. NADH and FADH2 deliver electrons to the chain. Consider that the hydrogen atoms attached to NADH and FADH2 consist of an e and an H. The members of the electron transport chain accept only electrons (e) and not hydrogen ions (H). In Figure 7 ...
... of carriers that pass electrons from one to the other. NADH and FADH2 deliver electrons to the chain. Consider that the hydrogen atoms attached to NADH and FADH2 consist of an e and an H. The members of the electron transport chain accept only electrons (e) and not hydrogen ions (H). In Figure 7 ...
Purine and pyrimidi..
... AMP or GMP is metabolized to give hypoxanthine which is then converted into xanthine and finally into uric acid as in the next slide. Most of uric acid is excreted by the kidney. The remaining uric acid travels through the intestines, where bacteria help break it down. Normally these actions keep th ...
... AMP or GMP is metabolized to give hypoxanthine which is then converted into xanthine and finally into uric acid as in the next slide. Most of uric acid is excreted by the kidney. The remaining uric acid travels through the intestines, where bacteria help break it down. Normally these actions keep th ...
9 How Cells Harvest Energy Concept Outline
... of the cell. Afterward, the energy-depleted electron (associpossess less free energy than the reactants. The same ated with a proton as a hydrogen atom) is donated to some amount of energy is released whether glucose is cataboother molecule. When oxygen gas (O2) accepts the hydrolized or burned, but ...
... of the cell. Afterward, the energy-depleted electron (associpossess less free energy than the reactants. The same ated with a proton as a hydrogen atom) is donated to some amount of energy is released whether glucose is cataboother molecule. When oxygen gas (O2) accepts the hydrolized or burned, but ...
Test 1 Study Guide
... a. Nucleus in center – made from protons (+) and neutrons (=). Both have an atomic weight of 1 b. Shell on outside. Made up of electrons (-) with close to zero weight. Electrons orbit the nucleus. (Fig. 2.1) c. Common elements (Tab. 2.1) d. Isotopes are atoms with a different number of neutrons. E.g ...
... a. Nucleus in center – made from protons (+) and neutrons (=). Both have an atomic weight of 1 b. Shell on outside. Made up of electrons (-) with close to zero weight. Electrons orbit the nucleus. (Fig. 2.1) c. Common elements (Tab. 2.1) d. Isotopes are atoms with a different number of neutrons. E.g ...
Fungal denitrification and nitric oxide reductase cytochrome P450nor
... reductase) and P450nor (a cytochrome P450 nitric oxide (NO) reductase (Nor)) to reduce nitrite to nitrous oxide (N2O). The system is localized in mitochondria functioning during anaerobic respiration. Some fungal systems further contain and use dissimilatory and assimilatory nitrate reductases to de ...
... reductase) and P450nor (a cytochrome P450 nitric oxide (NO) reductase (Nor)) to reduce nitrite to nitrous oxide (N2O). The system is localized in mitochondria functioning during anaerobic respiration. Some fungal systems further contain and use dissimilatory and assimilatory nitrate reductases to de ...
Test 1 Study Guide Chapter 1 – Introduction
... a. Nucleus in center – made from protons (+) and neutrons (=). Both have an atomic weight of 1 b. Shell on outside. Made up of electrons (-) with close to zero weight. Electrons orbit the nucleus. (Fig. 2.1) c. Common elements (Tab. 2.1) d. Isotopes are atoms with a different number of neutrons. E.g ...
... a. Nucleus in center – made from protons (+) and neutrons (=). Both have an atomic weight of 1 b. Shell on outside. Made up of electrons (-) with close to zero weight. Electrons orbit the nucleus. (Fig. 2.1) c. Common elements (Tab. 2.1) d. Isotopes are atoms with a different number of neutrons. E.g ...
cofactorsA
... the + is just a reminder that the nicotinamide ring is positively charged Most important cosubstrates in oxidationreduction reactions in aerobic organisms Structure courtesy of ...
... the + is just a reminder that the nicotinamide ring is positively charged Most important cosubstrates in oxidationreduction reactions in aerobic organisms Structure courtesy of ...
Catalytic Strategies I
... a. The affinity of the enzyme for the t.s. can be 10x-20/ 10x-26. This is very tight binding b. Its very unusual to see reactions with these kind of properties in a test tube c. These transition states are chemically and physically stable d. Can make derivatives of natural substrates ANALOGS, somet ...
... a. The affinity of the enzyme for the t.s. can be 10x-20/ 10x-26. This is very tight binding b. Its very unusual to see reactions with these kind of properties in a test tube c. These transition states are chemically and physically stable d. Can make derivatives of natural substrates ANALOGS, somet ...
Popeye knew what he was doing!
... • There are four main stages in aerobic cellular respiration: 1. Glycolysis – Oxidation of glucose into pyruvate that occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. 2. Kreb’s cycle preparation – Pyruvate is used to form acetylCoA in the matrix of the mitochondria. 3. Kreb’s cycle – Energy is stored in reducin ...
... • There are four main stages in aerobic cellular respiration: 1. Glycolysis – Oxidation of glucose into pyruvate that occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. 2. Kreb’s cycle preparation – Pyruvate is used to form acetylCoA in the matrix of the mitochondria. 3. Kreb’s cycle – Energy is stored in reducin ...
Point_1a_-_Role_of_enzymes
... a. Catabolism is the synthesis of large molecules from smaller ones, while Anabolism is the breakdown of large molecules to smaller ones. ...
... a. Catabolism is the synthesis of large molecules from smaller ones, while Anabolism is the breakdown of large molecules to smaller ones. ...
Chapter 9: Pathways that Harvest Chemical
... was genetically programmed by Ron Evans at the Salk Institute to express high levels of the protein PPARδ in its muscles. This protein is a receptor located inside cell nuclei, where it regulates the transcription of genes involved with the breakdown of fat to yield ATP. Evans’s mouse was supposed t ...
... was genetically programmed by Ron Evans at the Salk Institute to express high levels of the protein PPARδ in its muscles. This protein is a receptor located inside cell nuclei, where it regulates the transcription of genes involved with the breakdown of fat to yield ATP. Evans’s mouse was supposed t ...
Document
... • Stage I The acetyl-CoA is completely oxidized into CO2, with electrons collected by NAD and FAD via a cyclic pathway (tricarboxylic acid cycle) • Stage II Electrons of NADH and FADH2 are transferred to O2 via a series carriers, producing H2O and a H+ gradient, which will promote ATP ...
... • Stage I The acetyl-CoA is completely oxidized into CO2, with electrons collected by NAD and FAD via a cyclic pathway (tricarboxylic acid cycle) • Stage II Electrons of NADH and FADH2 are transferred to O2 via a series carriers, producing H2O and a H+ gradient, which will promote ATP ...
Nucleotide Metabolism Nucleotide sources - Rose
... Purine synthesis Purine production occurs primarily in the liver, although most tissues produce at least small amounts. Purine biosynthesis begins with ribose-5-phosphate (a product of the hexose monophosphate pathway), and ends with the hypoxanthinecontaining inosine monophosphate. Both of the firs ...
... Purine synthesis Purine production occurs primarily in the liver, although most tissues produce at least small amounts. Purine biosynthesis begins with ribose-5-phosphate (a product of the hexose monophosphate pathway), and ends with the hypoxanthinecontaining inosine monophosphate. Both of the firs ...
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme found in all living cells. The compound is a dinucleotide, because it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups. One nucleotide contains an adenine base and the other nicotinamide. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide exists in two forms, an oxidized and reduced form abbreviated as NAD+ and NADH respectively.In metabolism, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another. The coenzyme is, therefore, found in two forms in cells: NAD+ is an oxidizing agent – it accepts electrons from other molecules and becomes reduced. This reaction forms NADH, which can then be used as a reducing agent to donate electrons. These electron transfer reactions are the main function of NAD. However, it is also used in other cellular processes, the most notable one being a substrate of enzymes that add or remove chemical groups from proteins, in posttranslational modifications. Because of the importance of these functions, the enzymes involved in NAD metabolism are targets for drug discovery.In organisms, NAD can be synthesized from simple building-blocks (de novo) from the amino acids tryptophan or aspartic acid. In an alternative fashion, more complex components of the coenzymes are taken up from food as the vitamin called niacin. Similar compounds are released by reactions that break down the structure of NAD. These preformed components then pass through a salvage pathway that recycles them back into the active form. Some NAD is also converted into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP); the chemistry of this related coenzyme is similar to that of NAD, but it has different roles in metabolism.Although NAD+ is written with a superscript plus sign because of the formal charge on a particular nitrogen atom, at physiological pH for the most part it is actually a singly charged anion (charge of minus 1), while NADH is a doubly charged anion.