Cloze 11
... _______ soldiers. Each legion was divided into __________, or groups of ____ soldiers. This organization allowed the army to be very flexible. It could fight as a large group or as several small ones. This __________ allowed the Romans to defeat most enemies. The Punic Wars The fiercest of the wars ...
... _______ soldiers. Each legion was divided into __________, or groups of ____ soldiers. This organization allowed the army to be very flexible. It could fight as a large group or as several small ones. This __________ allowed the Romans to defeat most enemies. The Punic Wars The fiercest of the wars ...
An Army Like No Other:The Roman Army
... Auxiliaries were men from conquered territories who received similar training like Romans Majority served as archers or as horse archers Granted citizenship after 25 years and were paid lower wages than Roman troops Stationed in along frontiers away from home countries ...
... Auxiliaries were men from conquered territories who received similar training like Romans Majority served as archers or as horse archers Granted citizenship after 25 years and were paid lower wages than Roman troops Stationed in along frontiers away from home countries ...
Militaria Romana
... and perform the tasks for which it was less suited. Roman cavalry were almost exclusively auxiliary by the time of Marius, as well as ranged troops (slingers and archers) . Claudius even hired elephant troops to invade Britain. Auxiliaries who performed well would be paid a salary and a share of spo ...
... and perform the tasks for which it was less suited. Roman cavalry were almost exclusively auxiliary by the time of Marius, as well as ranged troops (slingers and archers) . Claudius even hired elephant troops to invade Britain. Auxiliaries who performed well would be paid a salary and a share of spo ...
The Development of the Roman Army
... Alae Sociorum (troops of the allies) Latins and Italians; Usually same numbers as the Roman legions; allied cavalry three times larger Allied troops commanded by Roman ...
... Alae Sociorum (troops of the allies) Latins and Italians; Usually same numbers as the Roman legions; allied cavalry three times larger Allied troops commanded by Roman ...
Rise of the Roman Republic
... absolute power to make laws and command the army. Dictators were chosen by the consuls and then elected by the senate. ...
... absolute power to make laws and command the army. Dictators were chosen by the consuls and then elected by the senate. ...
by Luke The Roman army was the most powerful in Ancient World
... Each legion had its own groups of auxiliary. Aquilifer is the standardbearer who carried the legion’s precious golden eagle during battle. Cornicenc is a hornblower who sent signals during battles. Signifer is a standard bearer who carried the emblem of a century. The battle tactics are used in the ...
... Each legion had its own groups of auxiliary. Aquilifer is the standardbearer who carried the legion’s precious golden eagle during battle. Cornicenc is a hornblower who sent signals during battles. Signifer is a standard bearer who carried the emblem of a century. The battle tactics are used in the ...
Chapter 6 Section 1 Notes
... government in which power rest with citizens who have the right to vote to select the leaders ...
... government in which power rest with citizens who have the right to vote to select the leaders ...
The Roman Army Who was in the Roman army?
... The lower classes were foot soldiers (the infantry) The soldiers on horse back were the rich classes (the cavalry) The cavalry were those who could afford to have a horse Officers bought their own armor and weapons If an officer wanted a horse, he had to provide and care for the horse hims ...
... The lower classes were foot soldiers (the infantry) The soldiers on horse back were the rich classes (the cavalry) The cavalry were those who could afford to have a horse Officers bought their own armor and weapons If an officer wanted a horse, he had to provide and care for the horse hims ...
THE EMPIRE OF ROME
... One of Rome's big advantages is that it had the world’s first professional army ...
... One of Rome's big advantages is that it had the world’s first professional army ...
Ancient Rome - Portlaoise College
... How the Roman Army was organised • The legions were divided into centuries • The centuries were commanded by a centurion • Centuries originally had 100 men ...
... How the Roman Army was organised • The legions were divided into centuries • The centuries were commanded by a centurion • Centuries originally had 100 men ...
Blank Jeopardy
... the Roman Republic’s army (name withheld b/c it is the answer to a question). ...
... the Roman Republic’s army (name withheld b/c it is the answer to a question). ...
DOC
... The Romans invaded so many places because they had such a good army. The army was used to protect Rome and to keep control over the people who they had conquered. Soldiers were in the army for many many years and spent a long time away from their families. ...
... The Romans invaded so many places because they had such a good army. The army was used to protect Rome and to keep control over the people who they had conquered. Soldiers were in the army for many many years and spent a long time away from their families. ...
The Roman Army
... • The Legions included foot soldiers, cavalry, engineers, surveyors – all types of soldiers needed to fight a battle and occupy the land. • As well as fighting, the army was expected to build roads, forts and camps. • Only a citizen could join and had to stay for 25 years! ...
... • The Legions included foot soldiers, cavalry, engineers, surveyors – all types of soldiers needed to fight a battle and occupy the land. • As well as fighting, the army was expected to build roads, forts and camps. • Only a citizen could join and had to stay for 25 years! ...
The Roman Republic
... Directions: Read Ch. 12 Section, Section 1 and Section 2 (pp. 364-375) and answer the following questions. Whatever you do not finish in class is homework. You will need to use your online textbook to complete this assignment at home. ...
... Directions: Read Ch. 12 Section, Section 1 and Section 2 (pp. 364-375) and answer the following questions. Whatever you do not finish in class is homework. You will need to use your online textbook to complete this assignment at home. ...
The Roman Republic
... complete control of the government, but served the people and ruled on a temporary basis ...
... complete control of the government, but served the people and ruled on a temporary basis ...
Chap. 14 Section 1 and 2 Notes
... Tribunes kept the rest of the gov’t in check and looked out for the rights of other plebeians The laws of the Twelve Tables were mostly about wills, property rights, and court actions Over time, Rome’s government became more democratic and people could no longer be sold into slavery because of debt ...
... Tribunes kept the rest of the gov’t in check and looked out for the rights of other plebeians The laws of the Twelve Tables were mostly about wills, property rights, and court actions Over time, Rome’s government became more democratic and people could no longer be sold into slavery because of debt ...
The roman army
... meant to annoy rather than truly harm the enemy. Aimed at the enemy horses. Horses are more expensive than men to field in combat. ...
... meant to annoy rather than truly harm the enemy. Aimed at the enemy horses. Horses are more expensive than men to field in combat. ...
the roman army - WordPress.com
... • Thought of by Romans as second class soldiers , paid less and not trained as rigorously ...
... • Thought of by Romans as second class soldiers , paid less and not trained as rigorously ...
The Roman army was the most powerful and feared army in the
... The Roman Army’s shield was usually red, but varied from one legion to another. The metal boss protected the legionary’s hand behind the shield. ...
... The Roman Army’s shield was usually red, but varied from one legion to another. The metal boss protected the legionary’s hand behind the shield. ...
Roman army of the mid-Republic
The Roman army of the mid-Republic (also known as the manipular Roman army or the ""Polybian army""), refers to the armed forces deployed by the mid-Roman Republic, from the end of the Samnite Wars (290 BC) to the end of the Social War (88 BC). The first phase of this army, in its manipular structure (290–ca. 130 BC), is described in detail in the Histories of the ancient Greek historian Polybius, writing before 146 BC. The central feature of the mid-Republican army was the manipular organisation of its battle-line. Instead of a single, large mass (the phalanx) as in the Early Roman army, the Romans now drew up in three lines (triplex acies) consisting of small units (maniples) of 120 men, arrayed in chessboard fashion, giving much greater tactical strength and flexibility. This structure was probably introduced in ca. 300 BC during the Samnite Wars. Also probably dating from this period was the regular accompaniment of each legion by an non-citizen formation of roughly equal size, the ala, recruited from Rome's Italian allies, or socii. The latter were about 150 autonomous states which were bound by a treaty of perpetual military alliance with Rome. Their sole obligation was to supply to the Roman army, on demand, a number of fully equipped troops up to a specified maximum each year. Evidence from Roman army camps near Numantia in Spain suggests that a much larger tactical unit, the cohort (480 men, equivalent to 4 maniples) already existed, alongside maniples, in the period 153-133 BC. By ca. 100 BC, cohorts appear to have fully replaced maniples as the basic tactical unit. The Second Punic War (218–201 BC) saw the addition of a third element to the existing dual Roman/Italian structure: non-Italian mercenaries with specialist skills lacking in the legions and alae: Numidian light cavalry, Cretan archers, and slingers from the Balearic islands. From this time, these units always accompanied Roman armies.The Republican army of this period, like its earlier forebear, did not maintain standing or professional military forces, but levied them, by compulsory conscription, as required for each campaigning season and disbanded thereafter (although formations could be kept in being over winter during major wars). Service in the legions was limited to property-owning Roman citizens, normally those known as iuniores (age 16-46). The army's senior officers, including its commanders-in-chief, the Roman Consuls, were all elected annually at the People's Assembly. Only members of the Roman Order of Knights were eligible to serve as senior officers. Iuniores of the highest social classes (equites and the First Class of commoners) provided the legion's cavalry, the other classes the legionary infantry. The proletarii (the lowest and most numerous social class, assessed at under 400 drachmae wealth in ca. 216 BC) were until ca. 200 BC ineligible for legionary service and were assigned to the fleets as oarsmen. Elders, vagrants, freedmen, slaves and convicts were excluded from the military levy, save in emergencies. During a prolonged such emergency, the Second Punic War, severe manpower shortages necessitated that the property requirement be ignored and large numbers of proletarii conscripted into the legions. After the end of this war, it appears that proletarii were admitted to the legions as volunteers (as opposed to conscripts) and at the same time the property requirement was reduced to a nominal level by 150 BC, and finally scrapped in the consulship of Gaius Marius (107 BC).The legionary cavalry also changed, probably around 300 BC onwards from the light, unarmoured horse of the early army to a heavy force with metal armour (bronze cuirasses, and later, chain-mail shirts). Contrary to a long-held view, the cavalry of the mid-Republic was a highly effective force that generally prevailed against strong enemy cavalry forces (both Gallic and Greek) until it was decisively beaten by the Carthaginian general Hannibal's horsemen during the second Punic War. This was due to Hannibal's greater operational flexibility owing to his Numidian light cavalry.For the vast majority of the period of its existence, the Polybian levy was at war. This led to great strains on Roman and Italian manpower, but forged a superb fighting machine. During the Second Punic War, fully two-thirds of Roman iuniores were under arms continuously. In the period after the defeat of Carthage in 201 BC, the army was campaigning exclusively outside Italy, resulting in its men being away from their home plots of land for many years at a stretch. They were assuaged by the large amounts of booty that they shared after victories in the rich eastern theatre. But in Italy, the ever-increasing concentration of public lands in the hands of big landowners, and the consequent displacement of the soldiers' families, led to great unrest and demands for land redistribution. This was successfully achieved, but resulted in the disaffection of Rome's Italian allies, who as non-citizens were excluded from the redistribution. This led to the mass revolt of the socii and the Social War (91-88 BC). The result was the grant of Roman citizenship to all Italians and the end of the Polybian army's dual structure: the alae were abolished and the socii recruited into the legions. The Roman army of the late Republic (88-30 BC) resulted, a transitional phase to the Imperial Roman army (30 BC - AD 284).