Powerpoint 1
... -Rome: “The First Romans” The Etruscans -Northern Italy -Urbanized Rome: Building Programs (the Forum) -Influence on Romans: the arch, alphabet The Greeks -Southern Italy and Sicily -Influence on Romans: ...
... -Rome: “The First Romans” The Etruscans -Northern Italy -Urbanized Rome: Building Programs (the Forum) -Influence on Romans: the arch, alphabet The Greeks -Southern Italy and Sicily -Influence on Romans: ...
NOTES on PYRRHUS and PUNIC WARS
... Pyrrhus was King of Epirus, a Greek kingdom that splintered off from Alexander’s empire. Rome went to war with Taranto, a Greek city in Southern Italy in 280 BC Taranto appealed to Epirus for help against Rome. Pyrrhus was a renowned mercenary, and brought an army (including elephants) into It ...
... Pyrrhus was King of Epirus, a Greek kingdom that splintered off from Alexander’s empire. Rome went to war with Taranto, a Greek city in Southern Italy in 280 BC Taranto appealed to Epirus for help against Rome. Pyrrhus was a renowned mercenary, and brought an army (including elephants) into It ...
CHAPTER 14 - The Roman Republic
... 4) See pg 220 - Draw the diagram and use it to describe each part of Roman government. ...
... 4) See pg 220 - Draw the diagram and use it to describe each part of Roman government. ...
back
... With the help from his army as back-up, the Rule of Augustus ended which form of government? ...
... With the help from his army as back-up, the Rule of Augustus ended which form of government? ...
The First Century CE Jewish Revolts against Rome as
... Roman advisors. The cohort in Jerusalem (perhaps a cohors equitata) may also have recruited locally among the Greek-speaking urban populations, since the Jewish population was not liable for military service. While there were also three Italian auxiliary cohorts, much of the cultural and religious p ...
... Roman advisors. The cohort in Jerusalem (perhaps a cohors equitata) may also have recruited locally among the Greek-speaking urban populations, since the Jewish population was not liable for military service. While there were also three Italian auxiliary cohorts, much of the cultural and religious p ...
The Life of a Roman Soldier
... around their legs and also wore shoulder plates to shield their shoulders and upper arm. A Roman shield (scutum) was curved to fit around the body and their helmet was made of bronze to protect their heads and necks as that was the primary area for the enemy to strike. Another primary area to be hit ...
... around their legs and also wore shoulder plates to shield their shoulders and upper arm. A Roman shield (scutum) was curved to fit around the body and their helmet was made of bronze to protect their heads and necks as that was the primary area for the enemy to strike. Another primary area to be hit ...
Roman Army
... for stabbing. The sword of the Roman cavalryman was the spatha, a long-bladed weapon, granting the rider a much greater reach than the legionary's short gladius. Much of the precise armoury and weaponry of late Roman cavalry is guesswork. In this case, spot the quiver carried behind the saddle, hold ...
... for stabbing. The sword of the Roman cavalryman was the spatha, a long-bladed weapon, granting the rider a much greater reach than the legionary's short gladius. Much of the precise armoury and weaponry of late Roman cavalry is guesswork. In this case, spot the quiver carried behind the saddle, hold ...
Chapter 10, Section 3 Student Note Form
... F. Hannibal nearly ________________ the Roman army, but before he could, Rome attacked Carthage. Hannibal rushed home to defend his city, but his troops were defeated at _________. G. In 140 BC, ________________ was becoming powerful again. Romans sent an army to ______________ Carthage again. H. Af ...
... F. Hannibal nearly ________________ the Roman army, but before he could, Rome attacked Carthage. Hannibal rushed home to defend his city, but his troops were defeated at _________. G. In 140 BC, ________________ was becoming powerful again. Romans sent an army to ______________ Carthage again. H. Af ...
Readings on aspects of Roman Life
... Family values. Most of the early Romans were farmers. The lived simply, worked hard, and fought well. In general, the Roman family was a close-knit group held together by affection., the necessities of a frugal (poor) life and the strict authority of parents. Both parents played important roles in f ...
... Family values. Most of the early Romans were farmers. The lived simply, worked hard, and fought well. In general, the Roman family was a close-knit group held together by affection., the necessities of a frugal (poor) life and the strict authority of parents. Both parents played important roles in f ...
25. Roman Expansion
... – In the Late Republic means "body politic" or “People” – In Empire it means the “dejected poor” ...
... – In the Late Republic means "body politic" or “People” – In Empire it means the “dejected poor” ...
Ancient Rome notes
... forced the creation of a written law code; the laws were carved on twelve tablets, or table and hung in the Forum; the Twelve Tables established the idea that all free citizens had a right to the protection of the law ...
... forced the creation of a written law code; the laws were carved on twelve tablets, or table and hung in the Forum; the Twelve Tables established the idea that all free citizens had a right to the protection of the law ...
The Greek Phalanx
... In the early fourth century BC Rome received its greatest humiliation, as the Gauls sacked Rome itself. If Rome was to reestablish her authority of central Italy, and be prepared to meet any similar disasters in future, some reorganization was needed. These changes were traditionally by the later Ro ...
... In the early fourth century BC Rome received its greatest humiliation, as the Gauls sacked Rome itself. If Rome was to reestablish her authority of central Italy, and be prepared to meet any similar disasters in future, some reorganization was needed. These changes were traditionally by the later Ro ...
The Roman Republic Assesment.key
... Roman soldiers were organized into large military units called legions.The Roman legion was made up of some 5,000 heavily armed foot soldiers (infantry). A group of soldiers on horseback (cavalry) supported each legion. Legions were divided into smaller groups of 80 men. ...
... Roman soldiers were organized into large military units called legions.The Roman legion was made up of some 5,000 heavily armed foot soldiers (infantry). A group of soldiers on horseback (cavalry) supported each legion. Legions were divided into smaller groups of 80 men. ...
Chapter 13: The Rise of Rome Lesson 2: The Roman Republic – p
... 20. By the end of the Punic Wars, how big was the Roman empire? What did it include? ...
... 20. By the end of the Punic Wars, how big was the Roman empire? What did it include? ...
The Roman Empire 25/7/2011 Background/ Revision Exercise This
... What were three ways that the Romans were influenced by the Etruscans (who ruled them for much of the 6th century BC)? ...
... What were three ways that the Romans were influenced by the Etruscans (who ruled them for much of the 6th century BC)? ...
File
... • The Roman government governed over 1,000 miles of land successfully. • It was able to collect taxes from every edge of the Empire(places like Judea, and Spain). • It was able to conduct massive public works projects such as paved roads, large arenas(the Colosseum), build public baths, even a compl ...
... • The Roman government governed over 1,000 miles of land successfully. • It was able to collect taxes from every edge of the Empire(places like Judea, and Spain). • It was able to conduct massive public works projects such as paved roads, large arenas(the Colosseum), build public baths, even a compl ...
What happened next information: Event E: The Third Punic War
... torched the city, and it burned for 17 days. The ancient Greek writer, Appian, captured some of the horrors of this even in his Roman History: "The fire spread and carried everything down... many fell dead under the collapsing stones. Still others... were torn asunder into all kinds of horrible shap ...
... torched the city, and it burned for 17 days. The ancient Greek writer, Appian, captured some of the horrors of this even in his Roman History: "The fire spread and carried everything down... many fell dead under the collapsing stones. Still others... were torn asunder into all kinds of horrible shap ...
Chapter 10, Section 3 (The Late Republic)
... public supported the idea, but wealthy citizens opposed. This led to riots and Tiberius was killed. C. A few years later Gaius tried to create new farms and began to sell food cheaply to Rome’s poor citizens. D.Like his brother, Gaius angered many powerful Romans and was killed for his ideas. ...
... public supported the idea, but wealthy citizens opposed. This led to riots and Tiberius was killed. C. A few years later Gaius tried to create new farms and began to sell food cheaply to Rome’s poor citizens. D.Like his brother, Gaius angered many powerful Romans and was killed for his ideas. ...
The Republic chapter 3 lesson 1
... • 1. What was one of the duties of every male citizen in the Roman Republic? • 2. What was expected of Roman soldiers, as shown by the story of ...
... • 1. What was one of the duties of every male citizen in the Roman Republic? • 2. What was expected of Roman soldiers, as shown by the story of ...
Unit 8, Part 2: Geography and Rise of The Roman Empire
... Carthage, a city in northern Africa (Punic means “Phoenician” in Latin) that took place between 264 and 146 BC • Began when Carthage sent its armies to Sicily (large island of the toe of the boot). Rome responded by sending an army to the island, and a war soon broke out that lasted almost 20 years ...
... Carthage, a city in northern Africa (Punic means “Phoenician” in Latin) that took place between 264 and 146 BC • Began when Carthage sent its armies to Sicily (large island of the toe of the boot). Rome responded by sending an army to the island, and a war soon broke out that lasted almost 20 years ...
Roman Republic - stleothegreat
... 2. Conquered more Etruscan Cities 3. Conquered surrounding peoples or made alliances with them ** By 275 BC Rome ruled the entire Italian Peninsula ...
... 2. Conquered more Etruscan Cities 3. Conquered surrounding peoples or made alliances with them ** By 275 BC Rome ruled the entire Italian Peninsula ...
the roman army - MSP Humanities at IISB
... auxiliary was a soldier who was not a Roman citizen. He was paid a third as much as a legionary. Auxiliaries guarded forts and frontiers, but also fought in battles, often in the front lines, where it was the most dangerous. They were recruited from tribes that had been conquered by Rome or we ...
... auxiliary was a soldier who was not a Roman citizen. He was paid a third as much as a legionary. Auxiliaries guarded forts and frontiers, but also fought in battles, often in the front lines, where it was the most dangerous. They were recruited from tribes that had been conquered by Rome or we ...
The destruction of Carthage during the Punic Wars. New
... • Become the basis for later Roman law ...
... • Become the basis for later Roman law ...
Roman army of the mid-Republic
The Roman army of the mid-Republic (also known as the manipular Roman army or the ""Polybian army""), refers to the armed forces deployed by the mid-Roman Republic, from the end of the Samnite Wars (290 BC) to the end of the Social War (88 BC). The first phase of this army, in its manipular structure (290–ca. 130 BC), is described in detail in the Histories of the ancient Greek historian Polybius, writing before 146 BC. The central feature of the mid-Republican army was the manipular organisation of its battle-line. Instead of a single, large mass (the phalanx) as in the Early Roman army, the Romans now drew up in three lines (triplex acies) consisting of small units (maniples) of 120 men, arrayed in chessboard fashion, giving much greater tactical strength and flexibility. This structure was probably introduced in ca. 300 BC during the Samnite Wars. Also probably dating from this period was the regular accompaniment of each legion by an non-citizen formation of roughly equal size, the ala, recruited from Rome's Italian allies, or socii. The latter were about 150 autonomous states which were bound by a treaty of perpetual military alliance with Rome. Their sole obligation was to supply to the Roman army, on demand, a number of fully equipped troops up to a specified maximum each year. Evidence from Roman army camps near Numantia in Spain suggests that a much larger tactical unit, the cohort (480 men, equivalent to 4 maniples) already existed, alongside maniples, in the period 153-133 BC. By ca. 100 BC, cohorts appear to have fully replaced maniples as the basic tactical unit. The Second Punic War (218–201 BC) saw the addition of a third element to the existing dual Roman/Italian structure: non-Italian mercenaries with specialist skills lacking in the legions and alae: Numidian light cavalry, Cretan archers, and slingers from the Balearic islands. From this time, these units always accompanied Roman armies.The Republican army of this period, like its earlier forebear, did not maintain standing or professional military forces, but levied them, by compulsory conscription, as required for each campaigning season and disbanded thereafter (although formations could be kept in being over winter during major wars). Service in the legions was limited to property-owning Roman citizens, normally those known as iuniores (age 16-46). The army's senior officers, including its commanders-in-chief, the Roman Consuls, were all elected annually at the People's Assembly. Only members of the Roman Order of Knights were eligible to serve as senior officers. Iuniores of the highest social classes (equites and the First Class of commoners) provided the legion's cavalry, the other classes the legionary infantry. The proletarii (the lowest and most numerous social class, assessed at under 400 drachmae wealth in ca. 216 BC) were until ca. 200 BC ineligible for legionary service and were assigned to the fleets as oarsmen. Elders, vagrants, freedmen, slaves and convicts were excluded from the military levy, save in emergencies. During a prolonged such emergency, the Second Punic War, severe manpower shortages necessitated that the property requirement be ignored and large numbers of proletarii conscripted into the legions. After the end of this war, it appears that proletarii were admitted to the legions as volunteers (as opposed to conscripts) and at the same time the property requirement was reduced to a nominal level by 150 BC, and finally scrapped in the consulship of Gaius Marius (107 BC).The legionary cavalry also changed, probably around 300 BC onwards from the light, unarmoured horse of the early army to a heavy force with metal armour (bronze cuirasses, and later, chain-mail shirts). Contrary to a long-held view, the cavalry of the mid-Republic was a highly effective force that generally prevailed against strong enemy cavalry forces (both Gallic and Greek) until it was decisively beaten by the Carthaginian general Hannibal's horsemen during the second Punic War. This was due to Hannibal's greater operational flexibility owing to his Numidian light cavalry.For the vast majority of the period of its existence, the Polybian levy was at war. This led to great strains on Roman and Italian manpower, but forged a superb fighting machine. During the Second Punic War, fully two-thirds of Roman iuniores were under arms continuously. In the period after the defeat of Carthage in 201 BC, the army was campaigning exclusively outside Italy, resulting in its men being away from their home plots of land for many years at a stretch. They were assuaged by the large amounts of booty that they shared after victories in the rich eastern theatre. But in Italy, the ever-increasing concentration of public lands in the hands of big landowners, and the consequent displacement of the soldiers' families, led to great unrest and demands for land redistribution. This was successfully achieved, but resulted in the disaffection of Rome's Italian allies, who as non-citizens were excluded from the redistribution. This led to the mass revolt of the socii and the Social War (91-88 BC). The result was the grant of Roman citizenship to all Italians and the end of the Polybian army's dual structure: the alae were abolished and the socii recruited into the legions. The Roman army of the late Republic (88-30 BC) resulted, a transitional phase to the Imperial Roman army (30 BC - AD 284).