The Western Provinces
... Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (born c. AD 69, died after AD 130), was an equestrian who worked as imperial secretary for the emperors Trajan (AD 98-117) and Hadrian (AD 117-138). He was a friend and correspondent of Pliny the Younger, who secured favours for him. Pliny Letters 10.94-95 sees Pliny writ ...
... Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (born c. AD 69, died after AD 130), was an equestrian who worked as imperial secretary for the emperors Trajan (AD 98-117) and Hadrian (AD 117-138). He was a friend and correspondent of Pliny the Younger, who secured favours for him. Pliny Letters 10.94-95 sees Pliny writ ...
A Comparative Study of Xiang Yu and Hannibal`s Strategic
... Shaka introduced new military tactics, by arming his warriors with short-handled stabbing spears and trained them to move up to their opponents in a close formation with their body-length cowhide shields forming an almost impenetrable barrier to spears thrown at them. Although the throwing spear was ...
... Shaka introduced new military tactics, by arming his warriors with short-handled stabbing spears and trained them to move up to their opponents in a close formation with their body-length cowhide shields forming an almost impenetrable barrier to spears thrown at them. Although the throwing spear was ...
The Great Battles of Spartacus!
... the growing slave army. The Romans still considered this a law enforcement operation, rather than a military campaign. Their greatest fear was that the rebel slaves would escape and scatter. So Varinius split his forces under the command of his subordinates Furius and Cossinius, in order to surround ...
... the growing slave army. The Romans still considered this a law enforcement operation, rather than a military campaign. Their greatest fear was that the rebel slaves would escape and scatter. So Varinius split his forces under the command of his subordinates Furius and Cossinius, in order to surround ...
Practical - Kent Archaeological Field School
... ground of the Anglo-Saxon kings of East Anglia. The site was discovered in 1939, when many amazing finds were made, including an 89-foot (27 metres) longship containing a warrior’s helmet. A half-size model of the ship is on display at the centre, along with a replica of the helmet. Seventeen burial ...
... ground of the Anglo-Saxon kings of East Anglia. The site was discovered in 1939, when many amazing finds were made, including an 89-foot (27 metres) longship containing a warrior’s helmet. A half-size model of the ship is on display at the centre, along with a replica of the helmet. Seventeen burial ...
Financing War in the Roman Republic 201 BCE
... army, Roman citizens served at their own expense and according to what they could afford. In exchange they received a small amount of money from the state. However this did not amount to a salary, as military service was not supposed to be a trade but rather a civic obligation interrupting civilian ...
... army, Roman citizens served at their own expense and according to what they could afford. In exchange they received a small amount of money from the state. However this did not amount to a salary, as military service was not supposed to be a trade but rather a civic obligation interrupting civilian ...
Ancient_Rome_Study_guide_1
... f. Rome convinced the people it conquered to volunteer for its army. g. Rome was able to reduce its army after it conquered nearby enemies. h. Rome’s allies, who were often conquered people, contributed troops to help the Romans fight. j. Rome learned how to survive without an army. 7. How did Rome' ...
... f. Rome convinced the people it conquered to volunteer for its army. g. Rome was able to reduce its army after it conquered nearby enemies. h. Rome’s allies, who were often conquered people, contributed troops to help the Romans fight. j. Rome learned how to survive without an army. 7. How did Rome' ...
Caligula: Madness or Genius?
... The Roman Empire was almost seventy years old and at the age of 25, the third emperor of Rome had taken power. Caligula was a direct descendent of Augustus, Rome’s first true emperor. His first act as emperor was to declare forgiveness for all Roman citizens who were imprisoned or exiled under his p ...
... The Roman Empire was almost seventy years old and at the age of 25, the third emperor of Rome had taken power. Caligula was a direct descendent of Augustus, Rome’s first true emperor. His first act as emperor was to declare forgiveness for all Roman citizens who were imprisoned or exiled under his p ...
Palmyra and the Roman East - Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies
... Timagenes,13 Egypt fell to an army of Palmyrenes, Syrians, and other barbarians 70,000 strong. After a garrison of 5,000 had been stationed in Alexandria, the Prefect of Egypt Tenagino Probatus 14 returned and drove out the Palmy rene occupation force, but later succumbed to a surprise attack at the ...
... Timagenes,13 Egypt fell to an army of Palmyrenes, Syrians, and other barbarians 70,000 strong. After a garrison of 5,000 had been stationed in Alexandria, the Prefect of Egypt Tenagino Probatus 14 returned and drove out the Palmy rene occupation force, but later succumbed to a surprise attack at the ...
Word
... The oldest extant scroll of Dany’el / Daniel was copied around 125 BCE, four-hundred thirty years after the book of prophecy was initially penned. It remains the only bilingual text demonstrating Divine inspiration found among the Dead Sea Scrolls. It was written in Hebrew and Aramaic. It opens in ...
... The oldest extant scroll of Dany’el / Daniel was copied around 125 BCE, four-hundred thirty years after the book of prophecy was initially penned. It remains the only bilingual text demonstrating Divine inspiration found among the Dead Sea Scrolls. It was written in Hebrew and Aramaic. It opens in ...
Augustus and the Visionary Leadership of Pax Romana
... Throughout the early and mid-Republican period of Roman history, the military existed as a militia based army and Rome mobilized their landholders and aristocrats to support the strategic goals of Rome. Historian Adrian Goldsworthy notes the civic duty belief held by Roman citizens during this perio ...
... Throughout the early and mid-Republican period of Roman history, the military existed as a militia based army and Rome mobilized their landholders and aristocrats to support the strategic goals of Rome. Historian Adrian Goldsworthy notes the civic duty belief held by Roman citizens during this perio ...
Etruscans and Romans
... history and the value and influence of both cultures and societies will reveal the origins of many aspects of Western European culture and of modern Western society in general. Lectures and readings will be supplemented by slides and videos, site visits to Etruscan and Roman sites (in and outside Fl ...
... history and the value and influence of both cultures and societies will reveal the origins of many aspects of Western European culture and of modern Western society in general. Lectures and readings will be supplemented by slides and videos, site visits to Etruscan and Roman sites (in and outside Fl ...
Mortem et Gloriam - Army Lists - Italy
... incoporated as Roman provinces. The Attalid Kingdom of Pergamene was bequeathed to Rome and incorporated in 129 B.C. The Roman system of government and large manpower led to a continual series of aggressive wars. ...
... incoporated as Roman provinces. The Attalid Kingdom of Pergamene was bequeathed to Rome and incorporated in 129 B.C. The Roman system of government and large manpower led to a continual series of aggressive wars. ...
fc.29 roman dominance of the mediterranean
... the fleeing Roman cavalry, the rest swing around to hit the exposed rear of the Roman line, first driving the Roman skirmishers back into the ranks of the legions. ...
... the fleeing Roman cavalry, the rest swing around to hit the exposed rear of the Roman line, first driving the Roman skirmishers back into the ranks of the legions. ...
Caracalla (211–217 AD): A Reign of Violence The emperor known
... Gaul in 188 AD to the future emperor Septimius Severus and his second wife Julia Domna. When his father became emperor, he had his name changed to Marcus Aurelius Septimius Bassianus Antoninus to connect him and his family to the beloved emperor Marcus Aurelius. He later became known as Caracalla fo ...
... Gaul in 188 AD to the future emperor Septimius Severus and his second wife Julia Domna. When his father became emperor, he had his name changed to Marcus Aurelius Septimius Bassianus Antoninus to connect him and his family to the beloved emperor Marcus Aurelius. He later became known as Caracalla fo ...
Scipio Africanus _ Zama
... By the year 203 Carthage was in great danger of attack from the forces of the Roman general Publius Cornelius Scipio, who had invaded Africa and had won an important battle barely 20 miles (32 km) west of Carthage itself. The Carthaginian generals Hannibal and his brother Mago were accordingly recal ...
... By the year 203 Carthage was in great danger of attack from the forces of the Roman general Publius Cornelius Scipio, who had invaded Africa and had won an important battle barely 20 miles (32 km) west of Carthage itself. The Carthaginian generals Hannibal and his brother Mago were accordingly recal ...
The Battle of Idistaviso
... Fidelis had been given the luckless task of guarding the marching camps and train. The mixed alae units of cavalry and skirmishers had been detached from each legion and had been placed under a single command to guard the flanks. Amongst them were the warriors of the Chauci. They were fine allies an ...
... Fidelis had been given the luckless task of guarding the marching camps and train. The mixed alae units of cavalry and skirmishers had been detached from each legion and had been placed under a single command to guard the flanks. Amongst them were the warriors of the Chauci. They were fine allies an ...
CHAPTER X The Emperors Decius, Gallus, Aemilianus, Valerian
... From the great secular games celebrated by Philip, to the death of the emperor Gallienus, there elapsed (AD 248—268) 20 years of shame and misfortune. During that calamitous period, every instant of time was marked, and barbarous invaders and military tyrants afflicted every province of the Roman wo ...
... From the great secular games celebrated by Philip, to the death of the emperor Gallienus, there elapsed (AD 248—268) 20 years of shame and misfortune. During that calamitous period, every instant of time was marked, and barbarous invaders and military tyrants afflicted every province of the Roman wo ...
the rise of the roman republic the rise of the roman
... Important Rules Note: Whenever you see the word Legion in the rules, it means the combat units associated with both the RL and AL elements of the same Legion. HISTORICAL & DESIGN NOTE: The “paper” numerical strength of legions varied from decade to decade, consul to consul, campaign to campaign, bat ...
... Important Rules Note: Whenever you see the word Legion in the rules, it means the combat units associated with both the RL and AL elements of the same Legion. HISTORICAL & DESIGN NOTE: The “paper” numerical strength of legions varied from decade to decade, consul to consul, campaign to campaign, bat ...
The Rise of the Roman Republic - WW
... • Root word plebs- many • Made up 95% of Rome’s population • Had little say in government • Could not hold high offices • Had to serve in the Roman Army ...
... • Root word plebs- many • Made up 95% of Rome’s population • Had little say in government • Could not hold high offices • Had to serve in the Roman Army ...
Beating the War Chest - Utrecht University Repository
... too. Especially Polybius is less prone to divine explanations or small-minded onesidedness. For him, as for many other ancients, the war took centre stage in the story of how the Romans gained dominance over the Mediterranean. Even though much of Italy was in some way subservient to Rome, and Sicily ...
... too. Especially Polybius is less prone to divine explanations or small-minded onesidedness. For him, as for many other ancients, the war took centre stage in the story of how the Romans gained dominance over the Mediterranean. Even though much of Italy was in some way subservient to Rome, and Sicily ...
The History of Rome by Michael Grant
... to relieve and provide respite in the fighting. Throwing javelin introduced at this time, replacing a thrusting one. Rome now has formidable army, but also still patient diplomacy. Samnites offered same treaty as others before. Made unequal partners and helped defend against Gauls. It is this system ...
... to relieve and provide respite in the fighting. Throwing javelin introduced at this time, replacing a thrusting one. Rome now has formidable army, but also still patient diplomacy. Samnites offered same treaty as others before. Made unequal partners and helped defend against Gauls. It is this system ...
The Roman Republic
... * they would forever change the way the poor and underprivileged lived in cities ...
... * they would forever change the way the poor and underprivileged lived in cities ...
The Roman Republic
... (1) had the exclusive right to hold offices both civil and religious (a) because of this, they had control over the gov’t (b) this was true even though they were only ___ of the population ...
... (1) had the exclusive right to hold offices both civil and religious (a) because of this, they had control over the gov’t (b) this was true even though they were only ___ of the population ...
SCUTUM - The Big Book of War
... Scutum ("skOO-tüm", pl. scuta) is the Latin word for "shield", although it has in modern times come to be specifically associated with the rectangular, semicylindrical body shield carried by ancient Roman legionaries. The shield's curved shape covered the wielder's front and sides, affording excelle ...
... Scutum ("skOO-tüm", pl. scuta) is the Latin word for "shield", although it has in modern times come to be specifically associated with the rectangular, semicylindrical body shield carried by ancient Roman legionaries. The shield's curved shape covered the wielder's front and sides, affording excelle ...
- Macquarie University ResearchOnline
... failure at the organizational level, which may represent a base driver for the relative decline of the Roman military in the second century BCE and thus a partial origin of the Marian reforms. ...
... failure at the organizational level, which may represent a base driver for the relative decline of the Roman military in the second century BCE and thus a partial origin of the Marian reforms. ...
Structural history of the Roman military
The structural history of the Roman military concerns the major transformations in the organization and constitution of ancient Rome's armed forces, ""the most effective and long-lived military institution known to history."" From its origins around 800 BC to its final dissolution in AD 476 with the demise of the Western Roman Empire, Rome's military organization underwent substantial structural change. At the highest level of structure, the forces were split into the Roman army and the Roman navy, although these two branches were less distinct than in many modern national defense forces. Within the top levels of both army and navy, structural changes occurred as a result of both positive military reform and organic structural evolution. These changes can be divided into four distinct phases.Phase I The army was derived from obligatory annual military service levied on the citizenry, as part of their duty to the state. During this period, the Roman army would wage seasonal campaigns against largely local adversaries.Phase II As the extent of the territories falling under Roman control expanded and the size of the forces increased, the soldiery gradually became salaried professionals. As a consequence, military service at the lower (non-salaried) levels became progressively longer-term. Roman military units of the period were largely homogeneous and highly regulated. The army consisted of units of citizen infantry known as legions (Latin: legiones) as well as non-legionary allied troops known as auxilia. The latter were most commonly called upon to provide light infantry, logistical, or cavalry support.Phase III At the height of the Roman Empire's power, forces were tasked with manning and securing the borders of the vast provinces which had been brought under Roman control. Serious strategic threats were less common in this period and emphasis was placed on preserving gained territory. The army underwent changes in response to these new needs and became more dependent on fixed garrisons than on march-camps and continuous field operations.Phase IV As Rome began to struggle to keep control over its sprawling territories, military service continued to be salaried and professional for Rome's regular troops. However, the trend of employing allied or mercenary elements was expanded to such an extent that these troops came to represent a substantial proportion of the armed forces. At the same time, the uniformity of structure found in Rome's earlier military disappeared. Soldiery of the era ranged from lightly armed mounted archers to heavy infantry, in regiments of varying size and quality. This was accompanied by a trend in the late empire of an increasing predominance of cavalry rather than infantry troops, as well as a requirement for more mobile operations.↑