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Army Lists Italy Contents Apulian Bruttian EarlyCampanian EarlyRoman,LatinorEtruscan ItalianHillTribes Lucanian Samnite LaterCampanian MidRepublicanRoman LaterRepublicanRoman SpartacusSlaveRevolt EarlyImperialRoman ImperialRoman FoederateRoman WesternLaterFoederateRoman Version:1.01Published:16thJuly2016 ©SHALLEnterprisesLtd Creating an army with the Mortem et Gloriam Army Lists UsethearmyliststocreateyourowncustomisedarmiesusingtheMortemetGloriamArmyBuilder. Therearefewgeneralrulestofollow: 1. Anarmymusthaveatleast2generalsandcanhavenomorethan4. 2. Youmusttakeatleasttheminimumofanytroopsnoted,andmaynotgobeyondthemaximumofany. 3. NoarmymayhavemorethantwogeneralswhoareTalentedorbetter. 4. AnyUGscanbedowngradedbyonequalitygradeand/orbyoneshootingskillrepresentinglessstrong,tired orunderstrengthtroops.IfanybasesaredowngradedallintheTuGmustbedowngraded.SoAverage‐ ExperiencedskirmisherscanalwaysbedowngradedtoPoor‐Unskilled. 5. AnytroopswithMeleeExpertcanbedowngradedbyremovingthischaracteristicrepresentinglesswell trainedorskilledtroops. 6. AllmountedskirmisherswhoarenotSkilledcantakeCantabrianasacharacteristic. 7. AnyDrilledInfantry,oranyFormedInfantrywithPikeorLongSpear,cantakeOrb/Squareasacharacteristic. Wherealliesareallowedtheymustconformtothefollowingrules: 1. Theymustbeaminimumof2andamaximumof4UGs. 2. TheymusttakeUGssufficienttogetthemtoatleast50%oftheminimumsinthelistbeingused. 3. TheycanthereaftertakeanytroopsuptothemaximumtocreatetherestoftheAlliedcontingent. 4. Usuallythisresultsin1‐3UGsbeingcompulsoryandyouhavingfullflexibilityontherest. ©SHALLEnterprisesLtd Apulian Army Commander Sub‐Generals Internal Allied Generals 1 1-3 Any Instinctive Any Instinctive Dates Regions Terrain Camp 500 B.C. to 203 B.C. Italy Mountains Unfortified; Poor or Average Weaponry Characteristics Type Training & Formation Quality Shooting Protection MELEE SHOOTING Mandatory Optional Min Bases Max Bases UG Size Armoured cavalry CAVALRY Formed Loose Superior - Protected Short Spear - Melee Expert - 4 8 4,6 Light cavalry CAVALRY Formed Flexible Average Experienced Unprotected - Javelin Melee Expert - 8 16 4,6 Javelinmen INFANTRY Formed Loose Average Experienced Protected Short Spear Javelin - - 12 96 6,8,9 Skirmishers INFANTRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Unprotected - Javelin - - 0 27 6,9 Name Historical Notes Apulia in south-east Italy was occupied by tribes of mixed Illyrian and Oscan origin. Different tribes allied with both the Romans, the Samnites and later with Pyrrhus. Notes © SHALL Enterprises Ltd Bruttian Army Commander Sub‐Generals Internal Allied Generals 1 1-3 Any Instinctive Any Instinctive Dates Regions Terrain Camp 500 B.C. to 203 B.C. Italy Mountains Unfortified; Poor or Average Weaponry Characteristics Type Training & Formation Quality Shooting Protection MELEE SHOOTING Mandatory Optional Min Bases Max Bases UG Size CAVALRY Formed Loose Superior - Protected Short Spear - Melee Expert - 0 8 4,6 Light cavalry CAVALRY Formed Loose Average - Protected Short Spear - Melee Expert - 4 8 4,6 Javelinmen INFANTRY Formed Loose Average Experienced Protected Short Spear Javelin - - 18 96 6,8,9 Skirmishers INFANTRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Unprotected - Javelin - - 0 27 6,9 Name Armoured cavalry Allies Lucanian allies (From 334 B.C. to 326 B.C.) (Any Instinctive) Historical Notes The Bruttii were located in the toe of Italy. They arose as a revolt of the former inhabitants against the Lucanians in the mid-4th century B.C. In 326 B.C. a combined Lucanian and Bruttian army defeated and killed the army of Alexander of Epirus (grandfather of Pyrrhus). Around 300 B.C. the Bruttii were attacked by Agathocles of Syracuse. They then allied with Pyrrhus and later Hannibal against the Romans. Notes © SHALL Enterprises Ltd Early Campanian Army Commander Sub‐Generals Internal Allied Generals 1 1-3 Any Instinctive Any Instinctive Dates Regions Terrain Camp 500 B.C. to 275 B.C. Italy Standard, Coastal Unfortified; Poor or Average Weaponry Characteristics Type Training & Formation Quality Shooting Protection MELEE SHOOTING Mandatory Optional Min Bases Max Bases UG Size Cavalry CAVALRY Formed Loose Superior - Protected Short Spear - Melee Expert - 4 12 4,6 Hoplites INFANTRY Formed Close Average - Protected Long Spear - Shove, Shield Cover Orb/Square 8 40 6,8 Javelinmen INFANTRY Formed Loose Average Experienced Protected Short Spear Javelin - - 8 60 6,8,9 Skirmishers INFANTRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Unprotected - Javelin - - 0 27 6,9 Name Allies Roman allies (343 B.C.( (Any) Latin allies (From 342 B.C. to 338 B.C.) (Any) Historical Notes The Campani, an Oscan people, gained control of the Greek and Etruscan cities of the northern Campanian plain. In 343 B.C. threatened by Samnite incursions the Campanians invited Roman intervention, resulting in the first Samnite war. When a peace treaty threatened to carve up Italy between the Romans and Samnites, many Campanians joined the Latins in revolting against Rome. At the end of the war the Campanians were granted Roman citizenship without voting rights. In 327 B.C. the Campanians once again sought Roman aid after the Samnites established a garrison at Neapolis. This led to the Second Samnite War. Thereafter Campania remained loyal to Rome until the Second Punic War. Notes © SHALL Enterprises Ltd Early Roman, Latin or Etruscan Army Commander Sub‐Generals Internal Allied Generals 1 1-3 0-2 Any Instinctive Any Instinctive Any Instinctive Dates Regions Terrain Camp 500 B.C. to 330 B.C. Italy Mountains Unfortified; Poor or Average Weaponry Characteristics Type Training & Formation Quality Shooting Protection MELEE SHOOTING Mandatory Optional Min Bases Max Bases UG Size Cavalry CAVALRY Formed Loose Average - Protected Short Spear - Melee Expert - 4 12 4,6 Infantry of 1st class INFANTRY Formed Close Average - Protected Long Spear - Shove, Shield Cover Orb/Square 8 24 6,8 Infantry of 2nd or 3rd class INFANTRY Tribal Close Average - Protected Long Spear - - Orb/Square 8 80 6,8 Name Infantry of 4th or 5th class INFANTRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Unprotected - Sling Combat Shy - 0 9 6,9 Infantry of 4th or 5th class INFANTRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Unprotected - Javelin Combat Shy - 0 27 6,9 Allies Italian Hill Tribe allies (Any Instinctive) Samnite allies (Only Roman in 340 B.C. or Etruscan from 396 B.C.) (Any Instinctive) Gallic allies - Lowland Gallic (Only Etruscan from 396 B.C.) (Any Instinctive) Campanian allies (Only Latin from 340 B.C. to 338 B.C) (Any) Historical Notes The Etruscan League was established in the 7th century B.C. It expanded from modern Tuscany into the Po valley, Latium and Campania. In the 6th century B.C. they were allied with Carthage against the Greek cities in Italy (Magna Graecia). In 474 B.C. the combined fleets of the Syracusans and Cumae defeated the Etruscan fleet and the Etruscans lost control of the Tyrrhenian Sea. This led to their decline at the hands of the Romans and the Gauls. Around 282 B.C. an army of Etruscans and Gauls was decisively beaten near Lake Vadimo by the Romans. Thereafter the Etruscans came firmly under Roman control. Early Rome was dominated by the Etruscans. After the Etruscans failed to re-establish the monarchy in Rome (traditionally overthrown in 509 B.C.) Rome established its primacy in Latium. In the early 4th century Rome captured the Etruscan city of Veii and subjugated the Volsci and Aequi. In 387 B.C. Rome was sacked by a Gallic army under Brennos but they were subsequently driven off by M Furius Camillus. Following the First Samnite War (343 B.C. to 341 B.C.) the Latins revolted. The Latin War (340 B.C. to 338 B.C.) saw the Latin League dissolved, increased control by Rome and the Latins being granted some rights and varying degrees of citizenship. Notes © SHALL Enterprises Ltd Italian Hill Tribes Army Commander Sub‐Generals Internal Allied Generals 1 1-3 0-2 Any Instinctive Any Instinctive Any Instinctive Dates Regions Terrain Camp 500 B.C. to 290 B.C. Italy Mountains Unfortified; Poor or Average Weaponry Characteristics Type Training & Formation Quality Shooting Protection MELEE SHOOTING Mandatory Optional Min Bases Max Bases UG Size Cavalry CAVALRY Formed Loose Average - Protected Short Spear - Melee Expert - 0 8 4,6 Picked warriors INFANTRY Formed Loose Superior Experienced Protected Short Spear Javelin - - 0 18 6 Warriors INFANTRY Formed Loose Average Experienced Protected Short Spear Javelin - - 16 96 6,8,9 Skirmishers INFANTRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Unprotected - Javelin Combat Shy - 0 27 6,9 Name Historical Notes Central Italy was controlled by a number of tribes including the Aequi, Aurunci, Hernici, Picentes, Sabines, Sidicini and Volsci. They were conquered by Rome between the 5th century B.C. and 3rd century B.C. Notes A command may not have more than one unit of picked warriors. © SHALL Enterprises Ltd Lucanian Army Commander Sub‐Generals Internal Allied Generals 1 1-3 Any Instinctive Any Instinctive Dates Regions Terrain Camp 500 B.C. to 203 B.C. Italy Mountains Unfortified; Poor or Average Weaponry Characteristics Type Training & Formation Quality Shooting Protection MELEE SHOOTING Mandatory Optional Min Bases Max Bases UG Size CAVALRY Formed Loose Superior - Protected Short Spear - Melee Expert - 4 8 4,6 Light cavalry CAVALRY Formed Loose Average - Protected Short Spear - Melee Expert - 8 12 4,6 Javelinmen INFANTRY Formed Loose Average Experienced Protected Short Spear Javelin Shield Cover - 12 96 6,8,9 Skirmishers INFANTRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Unprotected - Javelin - - 0 27 6,9 Name Armoured cavalry Allies Bruttian allies (Any Instinctive) Roman allies (298 B.C. to 290 B.C.) (Any) Historical Notes The Lucanians were an Oscan tribe who conquered the areas of Italy south of Samnium. In 326 B.C. a combined Lucanian and Bruttian army defeated and killed the army of Alexander of Epirus (grandfather of Pyrrhus). In 298 B.C. they made alliance with Rome but on the landing of Pyrrhus in Italy (281 B.C.) they were among the first to declare in his favour. After the departure of Pyrrhus they were exposed to the resentment of Rome and reduced to subjection in 272 B.C. Some Lucanians supported Hannibal during the Second Punic War. Notes © SHALL Enterprises Ltd Samnite Army Commander Sub‐Generals Internal Allied Generals Name Samnite cavalry 1 1-3 Any Professional Any Professional Dates Regions Terrain Camp 355 B.C. to 272 B.C. Italy Mountains Unfortified or Flexible; Poor or Average Weaponry Characteristics Type Training & Formation Quality Shooting Protection MELEE SHOOTING Mandatory Optional Min Bases Max Bases UG Size CAVALRY Formed Loose Average - Protected Short Spear - Melee Expert - 4 12 4,6 Linen Legion or equivalent INFANTRY Drilled Flexible Superior - Protected Short Spear - Melee Expert Orb/Square 0 24 6,8 Samnite foot INFANTRY Drilled Flexible Average Experienced Protected Short Spear Javelin - Orb/Square 12 90 6,8 Javelinmen INFANTRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Unprotected Short Spear Javelin - - 0 27 6,9 Allies Roman allies - (Only in 340 B.C.) (Any Instinctive) Campanian allies - (From 326 B.C. to 304 B.C.) (Any Instinctive) Apulian allies (Only before 281 B.C.) (Any Instinctive) Volsci and/or Hernici allies - Italian Hill Tribes (Only before 281 B.C.) (Any Instinctive) Etruscan allies (From 311 B.C. to 295 B.C.) (Any Instinctive) Umbrian allies (From 296 B.C. to 295 B.C.) (Any Instinctive) Gallic allies - Lowland Gallic (From 296 B.C. to 295 B.C.) (Any Instinctive) Historical Notes The Samnites were an Oscan people living in south central Italy. They allied with Rome against the Gauls in 354 B.C., but later became enemies of the Romans and were soon involved in a series of three wars against the Romans. Despite a spectacular victory over the Romans at the Battle of the Caudine Forks (321 B.C.), the Samnites were eventually subjugated. Although weakened, the Samnites later helped Pyrrhus and Hannibal in their wars against Rome. Notes A Samnite army in 296 B.C. to 295 B.C. may have Gallic, Etruscan and Umbrian allies. Otherwise only one ally is permitted. © SHALL Enterprises Ltd Later Campanian Army Commander Sub‐Generals Internal Allied Generals Name Cavalry 1 1-3 Any Any Dates Regions Terrain Camp Weaponry 335 B.C. to 211 B.C. Italy Standard, Coastal Unfortified; Poor or Average Characteristics Type Training & Formation Quality Shooting Protection MELEE SHOOTING Mandatory Optional Min Bases Max Bases UG Size CAVALRY Formed Loose Superior - Protected Short Spear - Melee Expert - 4 12 4,6 Orb/Square 8 60 6,8 Hastati and Principes INFANTRY Drilled Close Average - Protected Impact Weapon - Melee Expert, Shield Cover Triarii INFANTRY Drilled Close Superior - Protected Long Spear - Shove, Shield Cover Orb/Square 0 See note. 2,4 Skirmishers INFANTRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Unprotected - Javelin Combat Shy - 0 27 6,9 Historical Notes This list reflects Campanian armies after the integration with Rome and that adopted Roman fighting techniques. The exact date is uncertain, hence the overlap with the Early Campanian list. In 216 B.C. the Campanian city of Capua joined Hannibal. In contrast the city of Nola remained defiant. Capua fell to the Romans in 211 B.C. after a long siege. Notes 1 Triarii must be taken for each 4 Hastati and Principes. Instead of deploying separately, 1 Triarii may be combined with 4 Hastati and Principes into a unit of 5. © SHALL Enterprises Ltd Mid Republican Roman Army Commander Sub‐Generals Internal Allied Generals Name Elephants (only after 202 B.C.) Cavalry 1 1-3 Any Any Dates Regions Terrain Camp 330 B.C. to 100 B.C. Italy Standard, Coastal Unfortified or Fortified; Poor, Average or Superior Weaponry Characteristics Type Training & Formation Quality Shooting Protection MELEE SHOOTING Mandatory Optional Min Bases Max Bases UG Size ELEPHANTS Tribal Loose Average - Protected - - - - 0 2 2 CAVALRY Formed Loose Average - Protected Short Spear - Melee Expert - 0 8 4,6 Orb/Square 24 72 4,8 See note. 2,4 Hastati & Principes INFANTRY Drilled Close Average - Protected Impact Weapon - Melee Expert, Shield Cover Triarii INFANTRY Drilled Close Superior - Protected Long Spear - Shove, Shield Cover Orb/Square Hastati & Principes INFANTRY Drilled Close Superior - Protected Impact Weapon - Melee Expert, Shield Cover Orb/Square Triarii INFANTRY Drilled Close Exceptional - Protected Long Spear - Shove, Shield Cover Orb/Square Hastati & Principes INFANTRY Formed Close Poor - Protected Impact Weapon - Melee Expert - Triarii INFANTRY Formed Close Poor - Protected Long Spear - Shove - Pedites extraordinarii INFANTRY Drilled Flexible Superior Experienced Protected Short Spear Javelin - Orb/Square 0 4 4 Italian infantry INFANTRY Drilled Flexible Average Experienced Protected Short Spear Javelin - Orb/Square 0 12 6,8,9 Spanish scutarii INFANTRY Formed Loose Average - Protected Impact Weapon - - - 0 9 6,8 Gallic foot INFANTRY Formed Flexible Average - Protected - - Devastating Chargers - 0 9 6,8 Illyrian foot INFANTRY Tribal Flexible Average Unskilled Protected Short Spear Javelin - - 0 9 6,8,9 Thureophoroi INFANTRY Drilled Close Average - Protected Long Spear - Shove, Shield Cover Orb/Square 0 8 6,8 Numidian cavalry (only from 202 B.C.) CAVALRY Skirmisher Average Skilled Unprotected - Javelin - - 0 6 4,6 Illyrian cavalry CAVALRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Unprotected - Javelin - Cantabrian 0 6 4,6 Upgrade veteran legions 0 16 See note. Downgrade raw, slave or penal legions © SHALL Enterprises Ltd 0 16 See note. Name Leves Weaponry Characteristics Type Training & Formation Quality Shooting Protection MELEE SHOOTING Mandatory Optional Min Bases Max Bases See note INFANTRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Unprotected - Javelin Combat Shy - INFANTRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Protected Short Spear Javelin - - All or none INFANTRY Skirmisher Poor Experienced Unprotected - Javelin Combat Shy - All UG Size 6.9 Upgrade Leves to Velites (only after 210 B.C.) Velites 6,9 Downgrade Leves or Velites in unenthusiastic allied, raw, slave or penal legions Leves or Velites Cretan archers INFANTRY Skirmisher Average Skilled Unprotected - Bow Combat Shy - 0 9 6,9 Trallian or Syracusan slingers INFANTRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Unprotected - Sling Combat Shy - 0 9 6,9 Allies Celtiberian, Iberian or Lusitanian allies (In Spain from 212 B.C.) (Any Instinctive) Numidian allies (In Africa from 204 B.C to 202 B.C.) (Any Instinctive) Aitolian - Hellenistic Greek or Attalid Pergamene allies (In Greece or Asia from 198 B.C. to 189 B.C.) (Any Professional) Historical Notes This list reflects the Roman army described by Polybius. The reforms that led to the Polybian system appear to have started after the First Samnite War. During this period Rome conquered all of Italy. In the three Punic wars Rome destroyed Carthage and created a Roman province in Africa. It also created provinces in Spain and later in southern Gaul. At the end of the Punic war Rome became engaged in a war with Philip V of Macedon who they defeated at the battle of Cynoscephalae in 197 B.C. Thereafter Rome was constantly invited to interfere in Greek affairs leading to wars with the Seleucid kingdom (defeated at Magnesia in 189 B.C.), Macedon and Greece. In 146 B.C. Greece and Macedon were incoporated as Roman provinces. The Attalid Kingdom of Pergamene was bequeathed to Rome and incorporated in 129 B.C. The Roman system of government and large manpower led to a continual series of aggressive wars. Notes Each legion must have 8 Hastati and Principes, 2 Triarii and 6 Velites or Leves. Hastati and Principes and Triarii may be deployed separately or combined into a unit of 4 Hastati and Principes and 1 Triarii. If deployed separately, Triarii from 2 legions may be combined into a single unit. Cretans, Thureophoroi and Illyrians can only be used in the East and after 202 B.C. Spanish, Gauls and Numidians can only be used in the West. © SHALL Enterprises Ltd Later Republican Roman Army Commander Sub‐Generals Internal Allied Generals Name Heavy cavalry 1 1-3 0-1 Any Professional Any Professional Any Professional Dates Regions Terrain Camp 105 B.C. to 20 B.C. Italy Standard, Coastal Fortified; Poor, Average or Superior Weaponry Characteristics Type Training & Formation Quality Shooting Protection MELEE SHOOTING CAVALRY Formed Loose Average - Protected Short Spear - Mandatory Optional Min Bases Max Bases UG Size Melee Expert - 0 8 4,6 Orb/Square 18 40 4,6,8 Orb/Square 0 24 4,6,8 Orb/Square, Shieldwall 0 8 4,6,8 Orb/Square 0 24 4,6,8 Melee Expert, Shield Cover Melee Expert, Shield Cover Melee Expert, Shield Cover Melee Expert, Shield Cover Legionaries INFANTRY Drilled Flexible Average - Protected Impact Weapon - Upgrade legionaries to veteran INFANTRY Drilled Flexible Superior - Protected Impact Weapon - Caesar's Xth Legion INFANTRY Drilled Flexible Exceptional - Protected Impact Weapon - Downgrade raw legions INFANTRY Drilled Flexible Poor - Protected Impact Weapon - Spanish scutarii (only western armies) INFANTRY Formed Loose Average - Protected Impact Weapon - - - 0 9 6,8,9 Thracian foot (only eastern armies) INFANTRY Formed Loose Average - Protected - - Devastating Chargers, Melee Expert - 0 9 6,8,9 Archers (only eastern armies) INFANTRY Tribal Loose Average Experienced Unprotected - Bow Combat Shy - 0 8 6,8 Light cavalry CAVALRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Unprotected - Javelin - Cantabrian 0 8 4,6 CAVALRY Skirmisher Average Skilled Unprotected - Javelin - - 0 8 4,6 CAVALRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Unprotected - Bow - Cantabrian 0 18 4,6 Velites (only before 80 B.C.) INFANTRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Protected Short Spear Javelin - - 0 9 6,9 Javelinmen INFANTRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Unprotected - Javelin Combat Shy - 0 9 6,9 Numidian cavalry (only Italy or western armies) Syrian horse archers (only eastern armies) Archers INFANTRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Unprotected - Bow Combat Shy - 0 9 6,9 Slingers INFANTRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Unprotected - Sling Combat Shy - 0 9 6,9 Cretan archers (only Italy or eastern armies) INFANTRY Skirmisher Average Skilled Unprotected - Bow Combat Shy - 0 9 6,9 © SHALL Enterprises Ltd Allies Numidian allies (Italy in 90 B.C or Africa from 49 B.C. to 46 B.C.) (Any Instinctive) Bithynian allies (In Asia from 88 B.C. to 75 B.C.) (Any) Galatian allies (In Asia from 74 B.C. to 31 B.C.) (Any Instinctive) Nomadic Arab allies - Pre-Islamic Arab (In Syria from 64 B.C. to 53 B.C.) (Any Instinctive) Jewish allies (In Syria and Egypt from 63 B.C. to 38 B.C.) (Any) Aeduan allies - Lowland Gallic (Caesar in 52 B.C.) (Any Instinctive) Armenian allies (In Asia from 53 B.C. to 36 B.C.) (Any) Historical Notes This list reflects the Roman army after the reforms of Marius. The Social War from 91 B.C. to 88 B.C. was fought between Rome and a number of Italian regions who allied together. The result led to the unification of Italy under Roman leadership. The wars of conquest from the previous century continued with Rome coming into contact with Parthia, creating the Roman province of Syria and Caesar's conquest of Gaul. The closer ties between armies and their commanders starting with Sulla led to the civil wars which eventually led to Octavian becoming the first Roman emperor. Notes Marius, Sulla and Caesar must be either Talented or Legendary generals. © SHALL Enterprises Ltd Spartacus Slave Revolt Army Commander Sub‐Generals Internal Allied Generals 1 1-3 0-2 Any Instinctive; Spartacus = Legendary, Talented Any Instinctive Any Instinctive Dates Regions Terrain Camp Weaponry 73 B.C. to 71 B.C. Italy Mountains Unfortified; Poor Characteristics Type Training & Formation Quality Shooting Protection MELEE SHOOTING Mandatory Optional Min Bases Max Bases UG Size Cavalry CAVALRY Formed Loose Average - Protected Short Spear - Melee Expert - 0 4 4 Ex-gladiator slaves INFANTRY Tribal Loose Superior - Protected - - Melee Expert Fanatic 0 8 4 Slaves equipped with Roman arms INFANTRY Tribal Loose Average - Protected - - Devastating Chargers - 16 64 6,8 Poorly equipped slaves INFANTRY Tribal Loose Poor - Unprotected - - Devastating Chargers - 27 120 Women, children and old men INFANTRY Tribal Loose Poor - Unprotected - - Combat Shy - 10 24 Slingers INFANTRY Skirmisher Poor Experienced Unprotected - Sling Combat Shy - 0 9 6,9 Javelinmen INFANTRY Skirmisher Poor Experienced Unprotected - Javelin Combat Shy - 0 27 6,9 Name 8,9, 10 10, 12 Historical Notes In 73 B.C. Spartacus was amongst a group of 70 gladiators who broke out of a gladiatorial school. They defeated a series of Roman forces gathering more support and equipment each time. By the end of 73 B.C. the force had collected up to 70,000 escaped slaves including woman and children. In 72 B.C. they moved north, and although a smaller slave force under Crixus was defeated, the threat to Rome was such that several legions were hastily raised. Spartacus outmanouvred the Roman forces and defeated them in turn. At this point the slaves turned south. The Romans raised eight legions under M. Licinius Crassus. . Two legions under Mummius were defeated but Crassus attached the main slave force and inflicted several thousand casualties. Unable to escape to Sicily, the slaves were penned into the toe of Italy. Short of supplies they made a desparate break out but were defeated in detail by Crassus in two further battles. Pompey returning from fighting in Spain with his forces captured and killed 5,000 slaves. Notes SPECIAL RULE: Any unit that Spartacus joins, fights in the front rank and remains with becomes fanatic. © SHALL Enterprises Ltd Early Imperial Roman Army Commander Sub‐Generals Internal Allied Generals 1 1-3 Any Professional Any Professional Dates Regions Terrain Camp 20 B.C. to 220 A.D. Italy Standard, Coastal Fortified; Poor, Average or Superior Weaponry Characteristics Type Training & Formation Quality Shooting Protection MELEE SHOOTING Mandatory Optional Min Bases Max Bases UG Size Cavalry CAVALRY Drilled Loose Average - Protected Short Spear - Melee Expert - 0 12 4,6 Cataphracts (only from 100 A.D.) CAVALRY Formed Close Average - Fully Armoured Long Spear - Shove - 0 4 4 Legionaries INFANTRY Drilled Flexible Average - Protected Impact Weapon - 4,6,8 Upgrade legionaries INFANTRY Drilled Flexible Average - Protected Impact Weapon - Upgrade legionaries to veteran INFANTRY Drilled Flexible Superior - Protected Impact Weapon - Auxilia INFANTRY Drilled Flexible Average Experienced Protected Short Spear Name Melee Expert, Shield Cover Melee Expert, Shield Cover, Integral Shooters Melee Expert, Shield Cover Orb/Square 16 32 Orb/Square 0 16 Orb/Square 0 24 Javelin Melee Expert Orb/Square 16 24 4,6,8 Orb/Square 0 16 4,6,8 Upgrade Auxilia INFANTRY Drilled Flexible Average Experienced Protected Short Spear Javelin Melee Expert, Integral Shooters Auxilary archers INFANTRY Drilled Loose Average Experienced Protected - Bow Combat Shy - 0 8 6,8 Bolt shooters attached to legions ARTILLERY Drilled Loose Average Experienced Unprotected - Light Art - - 0 4 * Light horse CAVALRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Unprotected - Javelin - Cantabrian 0 8 4,6 Equites sagitarii CAVALRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Unprotected - Bow Combat Shy Cantabrian 0 8 4,6 Archers INFANTRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Unprotected - Bow Combat Shy - 0 18 6,8,9 Slingers INFANTRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Unprotected - Sling Combat Shy - 0 9 6,8,9 Javelinmen INFANTRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Unprotected - Javelin Combat Shy - 0 9 6,8,9 Allies Jewish client allies (Syria from) (Any Instinctive) Nabatean, Edessan or Emessan allies (In Syria) (Any) Commagene allies (In Syria) (Any) Armenian allies (In Syria) (Any Instinctive) © SHALL Enterprises Ltd Historical Notes At some point after 30 B.C. the emperor Augustus started to reform the Roman army. The core of the army remained the legions who were recruited from Roman citizens. The Auxilia were established to complement the legions. They were recruited from the peregrini or non-citizens of the empire. By the end of Augustus's reign the imperial army consisted of about 250,000 men in 25 legions ans approximately 250 units of auxilia. With the exception of the Praetorian Guard all legions were stationed on the frontiers of the empire. Apart from the conquests of Britain and Dacia the frontier remained largely unchanged. The main threats were the Germans and Sarmatians to the north and east of the Rhine and Danube and the Parthians to the east of Syria. Notes Any one unit of cavalry may be upgraded to Superior. Bolt shooters may be attached to a unit of legionaries. Any legionary or auxilia units may be equipped with Caltrops. © SHALL Enterprises Ltd Imperial Roman Army Commander Sub‐Generals Internal Allied Generals 1 1-3 Any Professional Any Professional Dates Regions Terrain Camp 220 A.D. to 394 A.D. Italy Standard, Coastal Fortified; Poor, Average or Superior Weaponry Characteristics Type Training & Formation Quality Shooting Protection MELEE SHOOTING Mandatory Optional Min Bases Max Bases UG Size Equites CAVALRY Drilled Loose Average - Protected Short Spear - Melee Expert - 0 12 4,6 Equites Illyricani CAVALRY Drilled Flexible Average - Protected Short Spear Javelin - - 0 4 4,6 CAVALRY Formed Close Average - Fully Armoured Long Spear - Shove - 0 4 4 CAVALRY Formed Close Average - Fully Armoured Long Spear - Shove - 0 8 4,6 Field army legionaries INFANTRY Drilled Flexible Average - Protected Impact Weapon - Upgrade field army legionaries INFANTRY Drilled Flexible Average - Protected Impact Weapon - Guard legionaries INFANTRY Drilled Flexible Superior - Protected Impact Weapon - Auxilia INFANTRY Drilled Flexible Average Experienced Protected Short Spear Name Equites catafractarii or clibinarii (western armies) Equites catafractarii or clibinarii (eastern armies) Melee Expert, Shield Cover Melee Expert, Shield Cover, Integral Shooters Melee Expert, Shield Cover Orb/Square 12 32 4,6,8 Orb/Square 0 16 4,6,8 Orb/Square 0 8 4,6,8 Javelin Melee Expert Orb/Square 12 32 6,8 Orb/Square 0 12 6,8 Protected Short Spear Javelin Melee Expert, Integral Shooters Experienced Protected Short Spear Javelin Melee Expert Orb/Square 0 8 6,8 Experienced Unprotected - Bow Combat Shy Orb/Square 0 8 6,8 Average Experienced Unprotected - Javelin - Cantabrian 0 8 4,6 Skirmisher Average Experienced Unprotected - Bow Combat Shy Cantabrian 0 6 4,6 CAVALRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Unprotected - Bow Combat Shy Cantabrian 0 12 6,9 INFANTRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Unprotected - Bow Combat Shy - 0 18 6,9 Upgrade auxilia INFANTRY Drilled Flexible Average Experienced Auxilia palatina INFANTRY Drilled Flexible Superior Auxilary archers INFANTRY Drilled Loose Average Equites mauri or similar CAVALRY Skirmisher Equites sagitarii (western armies) CAVALRY Equites sagitarii (eastern armies) Archers Allies Armenian allies (In Syria or Asia from 296 to 298 A.D) (Any Instinctive) Nomadic Arab allies - Pre-Islamic Arab (In Syria or Asia from 305 A.D.) (Any Instinctive) Armenian allies (In Syria from 325 A.D. to 363 A.D.) (Any Instinctive) © SHALL Enterprises Ltd Historical Notes A period of increasing trouble and decline began with the reign of Commodus. Commodus' assassination in 192 triggered the Year of the Five Emperors, of which Septimius Severus emerged victorious. The assassination of Alexander Severus in 235 A.D. led to the Crisis of the Third Century in which 26 men were declared emperor by the Roman Senate over a fiftyyear period. It was not until the reign of Diocletian that the empire was fully stabilized with the introduction of the Tetrarchy, which saw four emperors rule the empire at once. This arrangement was ultimately unsuccessful, leading to a civil war that was finally ended by Constantine I, who defeated his rivals and became the sole ruler of the empire. Constantine subsequently shifted the capital to Byzantium, which was renamed "Constantinople" in his honour. It remained the capital of the east until its demise. In 357 A.D. the Emperor Julian defeated 30,000 Alamanni. In 378 A.D. Gothic rebels defeated and killed the Emperor Valens. The Empire fell under increasing pressure from Goths, Huns and Alans. Notes One unit of cavalry may be upgraded to Superior as a guard cavalry unit. Any legionary or auxilia units may be equipped with Caltrops. © SHALL Enterprises Ltd Foederate Roman Army Commander Sub‐Generals Internal Allied Generals 1 1-3 Any Professional Any Professional Dates Regions Terrain Camp 395 A.D. to 440 A.D. Italy Standard, Coastal Unfortified or Fortified; Poor, Average or Superior Weaponry Characteristics Type Training & Formation Quality Shooting Protection MELEE SHOOTING Mandatory Optional Min Bases Max Bases UG Size Equites CAVALRY Drilled Loose Average - Protected Short Spear - Melee Expert - 0 6 4,6 Equites Illyricani CAVALRY Drilled Flexible Average - Protected Short Spear Javelin - - 0 4 4,6 Feoderate cavalry CAVALRY Formed Loose Average - Protected Charging Lancer - Melee Expert - 0 8 4,6 Equites alani or similar CAVALRY Drilled Loose Average - Protected Charging Lancer - Melee Expert - 0 6 4,6 Legionaries INFANTRY Drilled Close Average Experienced Protected Short Spear Javelin Melee Expert - 8 18 4,6,8 Auxilia INFANTRY Drilled Flexible Average Experienced Protected Short Spear Darts Melee Expert Orb/Square 8 24 4,6,8 Upgrade Auxilia to Superior INFANTRY Drilled Flexible Superior Experienced Protected Short Spear Darts Melee Expert Orb/Square 0 8 Alan or Hun mercenaries CAVALRY Formed Flexible Average Experienced Unprotected - Bow Melee Expert - 0 6 4,6 Foederate infantry INFANTRY Tribal Flexible Average - Protected - - Devastating Chargers - 0 24 6,8 Equites Mauri or similar CAVALRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Unprotected - Javelin - Cantabrian 0 8 4,6 Archers INFANTRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Unprotected - Bow Combat Shy - 0 18 6,9 0 0 0 Equites clibinarii CAVALRY Formed Close Average - Fully Armoured Long Spear - Shove - 0 6 4,6 Auxilary archers INFANTRY Drilled Loose Average Experienced Unprotected - Bow Combat Shy Orb/Square 0 12 6 Equites Sagitarii CAVALRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Unprotected - Bow Combat Shy Cantabrian 0 12 4,6 0 0 0 Name Eastern armies only: Western armies only: Equites Sagitarii CAVALRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Unprotected - Bow Combat Shy Cantabrian 0 6 4,6 Auxilary archers INFANTRY Drilled Loose Average Experienced Unprotected - Bow Combat Shy Orb/Square 0 6 6 © SHALL Enterprises Ltd Allies Burgundian allies - Later German Non-Sarmatized (Only in Gaul from 411 AD to 415 AD) (Any Instinctive) Visigothic allies - Later German Sarmatized (Only in Gaul or Spain from 412 AD to 421 AD) (Any Instinctive) Alan allies (Only in Gaul in 412 A.D.) (Any Instinctive) Hun allies (Western armies from 423 A.D. to 439 A.D.) (Any Instinctive) Ostrogothic allies - Later German Sarmatized (Eastern armies ) (Any Instinctive) Nomadic Arab allies - Pre-Islamic Arab (Eastern armies ) (Any Instinctive) Historical Notes Following the death of Theodosius I in 395 A.D., the last emperor to rule a united Roman Empire, the dominion of the empire was gradually eroded by abuses of power, civil wars, barbarian migrations and invasions, military reforms and economic depression. The Crossing of the Rhine in 405/6 brought large numbers of German and Alan barbarians into the Western Roman empire. Large parts of Gaul, Spain and Italy were subsequently occupied by "foederati". The Sack of Rome in 410 by the Visigoth weakened the western Empire. Notes © SHALL Enterprises Ltd Western Later Foederate Roman Army Commander Sub‐Generals Internal Allied Generals 1 1-3 Any Professional Any Professional Dates Regions Terrain Camp 441 A.D. to 493 A.D. Italy Standard, Coastal Unfortified or Fortified; Poor, Average or Superior Weaponry Characteristics Type Training & Formation Quality Shooting Protection MELEE SHOOTING Mandatory Optional Min Bases Max Bases UG Size Equites CAVALRY Drilled Loose Average - Protected Short Spear - Melee Expert - 0 6 4,6 Equites Illyricani CAVALRY Drilled Flexible Average - Protected Short Spear Javelin - - 0 4 4,6 Feoderate cavalry CAVALRY Formed Loose Average - Protected Charging Lancer - Melee Expert - 0 8 4,6 Equites Alani or similar CAVALRY Drilled Loose Average - Protected Charging Lancer - Melee Expert - 0 6 4,6 Alan or Hun mercenaries CAVALRY Formed Flexible Average Experienced Unprotected - Bow Melee Expert - 0 6 4,6 INFANTRY Drilled Close Average Experienced Protected Short Spear Javelin Melee Expert - 4 18 4,6,8 INFANTRY Formed Close Average Experienced Protected Short Spear Javelin Melee Expert - 0 18 4,6,8 Auxilia INFANTRY Drilled Flexible Average Experienced Protected Short Spear Darts Melee Expert Orb/Square 4 24 6,8 Auxilary archers (before 461 A.D) INFANTRY Drilled Loose Average Experienced Unprotected - Bow Combat Shy Orb/Square 0 6 6 Auxilary archers (from 461 A.D.) INFANTRY Formed Loose Average Experienced Unprotected - Bow Combat Shy - 0 6 6 Foederate infantry INFANTRY Tribal Flexible Average - Protected - - Devastating Chargers - 8 48 6,8 Equites Mauri or similar CAVALRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Unprotected - Javelin - Cantabrian 0 8 4,6 Equites Sagitarii CAVALRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Unprotected - Bow Combat Shy Cantabrian 0 6 4,6 Archers INFANTRY Skirmisher Average Experienced Unprotected - Bow Combat Shy - 0 18 6,9 Name Legionaries (before 461 A.D.) Legionaries (from 461 A.D.) Allies Burgundian allies (Only in Gaul from 443 AD to 456 AD) (Any Instinctive) Visigothic allies - Later German Sarmatized (Only in Gaul or Spain from 450 AD to 470 AD) (Any Instinctive) Alan allies (Only in Gaul from 450 AD to 486 AD) (Any Instinctive) Sub-Roman British allies (Only in Gaul from 468 AD to 470 AD) (Any Instinctive) Saxon allies - Later German Non-Sarmatized (Only in Gaul in 468 AD) (Any Instinctive) Frankish allies - Later German Non-Sarmatized (Only in Gaul in 469 AD) (Any Instinctive) © SHALL Enterprises Ltd Historical Notes In 451 A.D. between a coalition led by the Roman general Flavius Aetius and the Visigothic king Theodoric I against the Huns and their vassals commanded by their king Attila. It was one of the last major military operations of the Western Roman Empire. Rome was sacked again in 455 A.D. by the Vandals who had seized North Africa. This accelerated the Western Empire's decay, while the deposition of the emperor, Romulus Augustulus, in 476 by Odoacer, is generally accepted to mark the end of the empire in the west. Notes © SHALL Enterprises Ltd
