The History of The Decline and Fall of the Roman
... of the empire; to suspend the operations of a military expedition for a court intrigue; to hurry away from a siege to a ...
... of the empire; to suspend the operations of a military expedition for a court intrigue; to hurry away from a siege to a ...
sample
... age of 35. To a man second only to the Macedonian Alexander in his military accomplishments, and some said not even second, to a man who strutted across the stage of the late Republic as if he was a god, breathing mystery and power, came the shadow of the artful reporter. Here we are strongly remind ...
... age of 35. To a man second only to the Macedonian Alexander in his military accomplishments, and some said not even second, to a man who strutted across the stage of the late Republic as if he was a god, breathing mystery and power, came the shadow of the artful reporter. Here we are strongly remind ...
the roman nation: rethinking ancient nationalism
... Second Punic War when the region remained loyal while other regions broke away to join Hannibal. In the 110 years after the Second Punic War, Roman dominance of peninsular Italy led to cultural hybridization between Romans and non-Romans, the end result was a more Romanized population. However, lega ...
... Second Punic War when the region remained loyal while other regions broke away to join Hannibal. In the 110 years after the Second Punic War, Roman dominance of peninsular Italy led to cultural hybridization between Romans and non-Romans, the end result was a more Romanized population. However, lega ...
The Roman Riders: Ethnicity and Iconography on Roman
... List of Abbreviations .................................................................................................................... viii ...
... List of Abbreviations .................................................................................................................... viii ...
Rome and Italy
... Rome. He lived in an eventful age but little is known about his life, which seems to have been occupied exclusively in literary work. When he was aged about thirty he began to write his History of Rome, consisting of 142 books, of which thirty-five survive. He continued working on it for over forty ...
... Rome. He lived in an eventful age but little is known about his life, which seems to have been occupied exclusively in literary work. When he was aged about thirty he began to write his History of Rome, consisting of 142 books, of which thirty-five survive. He continued working on it for over forty ...
Parallel Lives: Hannibal and Scipio in Livy`s Third Decade
... in the related genre of historiography. Thucydides in his History already displays an interest in setting up implicit comparisons between important historical characters.4 Sallust, to move on to Latin historiography, openly contrasts Caesar and Cato as representatives of antithetical aspects of Roma ...
... in the related genre of historiography. Thucydides in his History already displays an interest in setting up implicit comparisons between important historical characters.4 Sallust, to move on to Latin historiography, openly contrasts Caesar and Cato as representatives of antithetical aspects of Roma ...
Full introductory notes - Association for Latin Teaching
... Behind Africanus the authentic tones of Livy the Stoic are audible Virtus (Romana) – courage, no quality more vital than his in Rome’s rise to power. Sc Livy’s comparison of Rome’s troops with Carthaginian Dignitas – acting in accordance with one’s status Gravitas – seriousness Livy excises ...
... Behind Africanus the authentic tones of Livy the Stoic are audible Virtus (Romana) – courage, no quality more vital than his in Rome’s rise to power. Sc Livy’s comparison of Rome’s troops with Carthaginian Dignitas – acting in accordance with one’s status Gravitas – seriousness Livy excises ...
THE LOGISTICS OF THE ROMAN ARMY AT WAR (264 B.C.
... This book developed out of my dissertation, The Logistics of the Roman Army in the Jewish War (66 –73 A.D.), Columbia University, 1991. I am very grateful to my Doktorvater and mentor, William V. Harris for his support and guidance throughout my graduate studies, and indeed, to the present day. I wo ...
... This book developed out of my dissertation, The Logistics of the Roman Army in the Jewish War (66 –73 A.D.), Columbia University, 1991. I am very grateful to my Doktorvater and mentor, William V. Harris for his support and guidance throughout my graduate studies, and indeed, to the present day. I wo ...
The Jugurthine War and The Conspiracy of Catiline
... nothing, 2both because many men have already spoken of its value, and in order that no one may suppose that I am led by vanity to eulogize my own favourite occupation. 3I suppose, too, that since I have resolved to pass my life aloof from public affairs, some will apply to this arduous and useful em ...
... nothing, 2both because many men have already spoken of its value, and in order that no one may suppose that I am led by vanity to eulogize my own favourite occupation. 3I suppose, too, that since I have resolved to pass my life aloof from public affairs, some will apply to this arduous and useful em ...
Quintus Sertorius and the Rebellion in Spain
... created several difficulties as it forced him to utilize two different sets of equipment and strategies. After the reforms of Marius, the legion constituted a versatile heavy infantry force. They fought equipped with chain mail, shields, and helmets, armed with pilum and gladius. Complementary troop ...
... created several difficulties as it forced him to utilize two different sets of equipment and strategies. After the reforms of Marius, the legion constituted a versatile heavy infantry force. They fought equipped with chain mail, shields, and helmets, armed with pilum and gladius. Complementary troop ...
The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire Vol 1
... variety of objects which it makes to pass before the view, always perspicuous, I entered upon a minute examination of the details of which it was composed; and the opinion which I then formed was, I confess, singularly severe. I discovered, in certain chapters, errors which appeared to me sufficient ...
... variety of objects which it makes to pass before the view, always perspicuous, I entered upon a minute examination of the details of which it was composed; and the opinion which I then formed was, I confess, singularly severe. I discovered, in certain chapters, errors which appeared to me sufficient ...
THE SAMNITE LEGACY: - University of Lethbridge
... Samnites remained unified.2 Descending upon the Samnites with zealous fury, Sulla ostracized or slaughtered every prominent Samnite he came across.3 Sulla’s ethnic cleansing campaign ended Samnite antagonism and resistance to Rome permanently, after which they were fully assimilated into Roman soci ...
... Samnites remained unified.2 Descending upon the Samnites with zealous fury, Sulla ostracized or slaughtered every prominent Samnite he came across.3 Sulla’s ethnic cleansing campaign ended Samnite antagonism and resistance to Rome permanently, after which they were fully assimilated into Roman soci ...
military defeats, casualties of war - The University of North Carolina
... courageous and defiant attack against the Marsi (a German tribe) “as if with increased numbers” of men. 2 Second, in the Histories, a group of Batavians, arguing against joining the open revolt of Gaius Julius Civilis in 69 C.E., asked rhetorically “What [had] been accomplished by cutting down and b ...
... courageous and defiant attack against the Marsi (a German tribe) “as if with increased numbers” of men. 2 Second, in the Histories, a group of Batavians, arguing against joining the open revolt of Gaius Julius Civilis in 69 C.E., asked rhetorically “What [had] been accomplished by cutting down and b ...
the republican soldier: historiographical representations and human
... the army and land and population. This method of approaching the army in terms of its practical impact on society is also reflected in another recent collection, The Impact of the Roman Army (200 BC-AD 476), edited by de Blois and Lo Cascio.3 Its major claim -to examine the cultural impact of the Ro ...
... the army and land and population. This method of approaching the army in terms of its practical impact on society is also reflected in another recent collection, The Impact of the Roman Army (200 BC-AD 476), edited by de Blois and Lo Cascio.3 Its major claim -to examine the cultural impact of the Ro ...
Famous Men of Rome
... the god, for he had the appearance of a handsome young man. They were married secretly, and in course of time Sylvia had beautiful twin boys. When Amulius heard of this he gave orders that Sylvia should be put to death for breaking her vow and that the two infants should be thrown into the Tiber. Th ...
... the god, for he had the appearance of a handsome young man. They were married secretly, and in course of time Sylvia had beautiful twin boys. When Amulius heard of this he gave orders that Sylvia should be put to death for breaking her vow and that the two infants should be thrown into the Tiber. Th ...
Περίληψη : Άλλα Ονόματα Τόπος και Χρόνος Γέννησης Κύρια Ιδιότητα
... The continuation of his father’s economic policy proved to be a disaster, especially the establishment of new imperial mints and the striking of inflationist coinage, tactics which were also followed by his successors. Thus, due to the increased imperial production, many small local mints closed dow ...
... The continuation of his father’s economic policy proved to be a disaster, especially the establishment of new imperial mints and the striking of inflationist coinage, tactics which were also followed by his successors. Thus, due to the increased imperial production, many small local mints closed dow ...
Marcomannia in the making
... under what system of polity the Romans in less than fifty-three years have succeeded in subjecting the whole inhabited world to their sole government – a thing unique in history? Polybius believed that Rome had conquered the whole known world. In reality Rome did not annex or absorb the whole known ...
... under what system of polity the Romans in less than fifty-three years have succeeded in subjecting the whole inhabited world to their sole government – a thing unique in history? Polybius believed that Rome had conquered the whole known world. In reality Rome did not annex or absorb the whole known ...
File
... emphasized their team spirit, the great treasure in Rome, and that recrossing the Alps would be impossible. He brought in prisoners, and had them fight each other to the death, promising the winner a free pass home. This provoked his soldiers into a fighting frenzy. At this point, the consul in char ...
... emphasized their team spirit, the great treasure in Rome, and that recrossing the Alps would be impossible. He brought in prisoners, and had them fight each other to the death, promising the winner a free pass home. This provoked his soldiers into a fighting frenzy. At this point, the consul in char ...
A COMPANION TO THE ROMAN ARMY Edited by
... 1.1 Early Latium and its environs 14.1 Roman East: Southern Theater 14.2 Roman East: Northern Theater 22.1 Legionary fortresses and camps with legionary troops in the Roman Empire from Augustus until the Tetrarchy ...
... 1.1 Early Latium and its environs 14.1 Roman East: Southern Theater 14.2 Roman East: Northern Theater 22.1 Legionary fortresses and camps with legionary troops in the Roman Empire from Augustus until the Tetrarchy ...
File - xaviantvision
... (343–290 BC) brought the acquisition of Campania and 13 other colonies and the establishment of the Roman navy. The Pyrrhic War (280–275 BC) brought Rome control over central Italy from coast to coast. Next came the Punic Wars, fought against Carthage in the period termed the Middle Republic (264–13 ...
... (343–290 BC) brought the acquisition of Campania and 13 other colonies and the establishment of the Roman navy. The Pyrrhic War (280–275 BC) brought Rome control over central Italy from coast to coast. Next came the Punic Wars, fought against Carthage in the period termed the Middle Republic (264–13 ...
Printable version
... after burning down their towns and villages, to set out with them: and they admit to their party and unite to themselves as confederates the Boii, who had dwelt on the other side of the Rhine, and had crossed over into the Norican territory, and assaulted Noreia. ...
... after burning down their towns and villages, to set out with them: and they admit to their party and unite to themselves as confederates the Boii, who had dwelt on the other side of the Rhine, and had crossed over into the Norican territory, and assaulted Noreia. ...
Princeton/Stanford Working Papers in Classics
... large populations. The possibility of such a ‘middle count’ is opened up by interpreting the Republican census figures as representing adult male citizens sui iuris, and the Augustan ones as representing all citizens sui iuris (regardless of whether they are men, women, or children). Because the sha ...
... large populations. The possibility of such a ‘middle count’ is opened up by interpreting the Republican census figures as representing adult male citizens sui iuris, and the Augustan ones as representing all citizens sui iuris (regardless of whether they are men, women, or children). Because the sha ...
P. VENTIDIUS-FROM NOVUS HOMO TO `MILITARY HERO`
... of about 30, that he encountered Julius Caesar on his way to tal,e up his new provinces the two Gauls-a meeting which was to shape the rest of his life. Caesar, an expert rider who had picked his way over mountain roads in Spain, would have inspected his new livestock with a critical eye. No doubt, ...
... of about 30, that he encountered Julius Caesar on his way to tal,e up his new provinces the two Gauls-a meeting which was to shape the rest of his life. Caesar, an expert rider who had picked his way over mountain roads in Spain, would have inspected his new livestock with a critical eye. No doubt, ...
The Roman City Carnuntum
... flooring and furnishing elements being reconstructed based on relief depictions. However, everything that can be seen is based on archaeological findings. When there was no evidence, then nothing is shown. A Roman citizen’s house, a Roman city mansion as well as public baths have been built as full ...
... flooring and furnishing elements being reconstructed based on relief depictions. However, everything that can be seen is based on archaeological findings. When there was no evidence, then nothing is shown. A Roman citizen’s house, a Roman city mansion as well as public baths have been built as full ...
Carthaginian Mercenaries - Digital Commons @ Wofford
... dangerous line of work, but the opportunity for wealth and advancement was far greater than the life of a farmer or an artisan. Mercenaries could serve for decades, often having their families stay in the cities of their employer. Hoyos recounts that some Gauls who served in the First Punic War turn ...
... dangerous line of work, but the opportunity for wealth and advancement was far greater than the life of a farmer or an artisan. Mercenaries could serve for decades, often having their families stay in the cities of their employer. Hoyos recounts that some Gauls who served in the First Punic War turn ...
Structural history of the Roman military
The structural history of the Roman military concerns the major transformations in the organization and constitution of ancient Rome's armed forces, ""the most effective and long-lived military institution known to history."" From its origins around 800 BC to its final dissolution in AD 476 with the demise of the Western Roman Empire, Rome's military organization underwent substantial structural change. At the highest level of structure, the forces were split into the Roman army and the Roman navy, although these two branches were less distinct than in many modern national defense forces. Within the top levels of both army and navy, structural changes occurred as a result of both positive military reform and organic structural evolution. These changes can be divided into four distinct phases.Phase I The army was derived from obligatory annual military service levied on the citizenry, as part of their duty to the state. During this period, the Roman army would wage seasonal campaigns against largely local adversaries.Phase II As the extent of the territories falling under Roman control expanded and the size of the forces increased, the soldiery gradually became salaried professionals. As a consequence, military service at the lower (non-salaried) levels became progressively longer-term. Roman military units of the period were largely homogeneous and highly regulated. The army consisted of units of citizen infantry known as legions (Latin: legiones) as well as non-legionary allied troops known as auxilia. The latter were most commonly called upon to provide light infantry, logistical, or cavalry support.Phase III At the height of the Roman Empire's power, forces were tasked with manning and securing the borders of the vast provinces which had been brought under Roman control. Serious strategic threats were less common in this period and emphasis was placed on preserving gained territory. The army underwent changes in response to these new needs and became more dependent on fixed garrisons than on march-camps and continuous field operations.Phase IV As Rome began to struggle to keep control over its sprawling territories, military service continued to be salaried and professional for Rome's regular troops. However, the trend of employing allied or mercenary elements was expanded to such an extent that these troops came to represent a substantial proportion of the armed forces. At the same time, the uniformity of structure found in Rome's earlier military disappeared. Soldiery of the era ranged from lightly armed mounted archers to heavy infantry, in regiments of varying size and quality. This was accompanied by a trend in the late empire of an increasing predominance of cavalry rather than infantry troops, as well as a requirement for more mobile operations.↑