PHILIPPI 42 Be - Gustos Catering Service
... they subjugated in the east, but this was introducing divine authority into Rome itself. Caesar took to wearing the purple tunic and toga of a triumphant general to festivals and meetings of state. By 44 BC he was appearing in public crowned with the laurel wreath of victory fashioned in gold. Every ...
... they subjugated in the east, but this was introducing divine authority into Rome itself. Caesar took to wearing the purple tunic and toga of a triumphant general to festivals and meetings of state. By 44 BC he was appearing in public crowned with the laurel wreath of victory fashioned in gold. Every ...
Spartacus - dirkcannaerts.be
... Enslavement and escape According to the differing sources and their interpretation, Spartacus either was an auxiliary from the Roman legions later condemned to slavery, or a captive taken by the legions.[15] Spartacus was trained at the gladiatorial school (ludus) near Capua belonging to Lentulus Ba ...
... Enslavement and escape According to the differing sources and their interpretation, Spartacus either was an auxiliary from the Roman legions later condemned to slavery, or a captive taken by the legions.[15] Spartacus was trained at the gladiatorial school (ludus) near Capua belonging to Lentulus Ba ...
Visigoths and Romans: Integration and Ethnicity
... Romanizing and finding ways to gain influence within the empire. In looking at the ethnogenesis of the barbarians, it is important to recognize that the barbarians may have been individual groups originally, but they were forced by circumstances under a single banner, and eventually Gothic culture a ...
... Romanizing and finding ways to gain influence within the empire. In looking at the ethnogenesis of the barbarians, it is important to recognize that the barbarians may have been individual groups originally, but they were forced by circumstances under a single banner, and eventually Gothic culture a ...
Τόπος και Χρόνος Γέννησης Τόπος και Χρόνος Θανάτου Κύρι
... Diocletian’s immediate and basic concern was to reinforce the defence of the empire. For that reason he did not promote a drastic reform of the army but maintained the military system as it had been organised since the Severan period. However, he introduced some necessary innovations. The most impor ...
... Diocletian’s immediate and basic concern was to reinforce the defence of the empire. For that reason he did not promote a drastic reform of the army but maintained the military system as it had been organised since the Severan period. However, he introduced some necessary innovations. The most impor ...
The Second Punic War effectively ended
... appealed to me for the sheer effort of getting the army across the mountains,” he says. “I have been in the field for long times with 100 people, and I can tell you it can be pandemonium. How Hannibal managed to get thousands of men, horses and mules, and 37 elephants over the Alps is one magnificen ...
... appealed to me for the sheer effort of getting the army across the mountains,” he says. “I have been in the field for long times with 100 people, and I can tell you it can be pandemonium. How Hannibal managed to get thousands of men, horses and mules, and 37 elephants over the Alps is one magnificen ...
The Second Punic War: The Turning Point of an Empire
... acceptance of the name Augustus, its origins were in fact in the late 3rd Century BC with Rome’s involvement in the Second Punic War. The nearly 20 year war pitched Rome against Carthage in what became a turning point in Roman history. Rome would undergo economic changes that led to the establishmen ...
... acceptance of the name Augustus, its origins were in fact in the late 3rd Century BC with Rome’s involvement in the Second Punic War. The nearly 20 year war pitched Rome against Carthage in what became a turning point in Roman history. Rome would undergo economic changes that led to the establishmen ...
`Quintictilius Varus, give me back my legions!` Augustus Caesar
... ‘Then we'll get some scalps at last. They're like shades from Elysian Fields these Celts. Let's go shield to shield with them and they'll learn to fear the seventeenth. 'Domituis was a grizzelled twenty five year veteran who'd served from Spain to Syria. No one doubted his will to fight, or his cour ...
... ‘Then we'll get some scalps at last. They're like shades from Elysian Fields these Celts. Let's go shield to shield with them and they'll learn to fear the seventeenth. 'Domituis was a grizzelled twenty five year veteran who'd served from Spain to Syria. No one doubted his will to fight, or his cour ...
Outline - 2010-2011English10
... a. Many know that he is one of the greatest military generals in the history of the world; yet very few people know about Hannibal’s personal character. b. Thesis: Hannibal not only showed great courage as a military general in the Second Punic War, he showed determination to win the war for his own ...
... a. Many know that he is one of the greatest military generals in the history of the world; yet very few people know about Hannibal’s personal character. b. Thesis: Hannibal not only showed great courage as a military general in the Second Punic War, he showed determination to win the war for his own ...
The Roman Invasion of Britain
... learn anything about it, unless it is one’s work or hobby. So today, there remains a great and ever widening gulf between the popular images and the realities of our national past. This is as true of Roman Britain as any period. History, it has been said, repeats itself, but this is only because hum ...
... learn anything about it, unless it is one’s work or hobby. So today, there remains a great and ever widening gulf between the popular images and the realities of our national past. This is as true of Roman Britain as any period. History, it has been said, repeats itself, but this is only because hum ...
VOLUME #2 of THE ANCIENT WORLD SERIES
... AL elements of the same Legion. For those familiar with RRR, this was called a double Legion and was used synonymously with term Legion (to the confusion of many). HISTORICAL & DESIGN NOTE: The “paper” numerical strength of legions varied from decade to decade, consul to consul, campaign to campaign ...
... AL elements of the same Legion. For those familiar with RRR, this was called a double Legion and was used synonymously with term Legion (to the confusion of many). HISTORICAL & DESIGN NOTE: The “paper” numerical strength of legions varied from decade to decade, consul to consul, campaign to campaign ...
- Free Documents
... in the republican period They create a desolation. they served alongside smaller units of infantry and cavalry. were now made fully professional and permanent by being given a year term of engagement. These reforms allowed the army to be used not just for campaigning purposes.R O M E A N D B R I TA ...
... in the republican period They create a desolation. they served alongside smaller units of infantry and cavalry. were now made fully professional and permanent by being given a year term of engagement. These reforms allowed the army to be used not just for campaigning purposes.R O M E A N D B R I TA ...
Sources A–T
... Marius was overcome by ambition and resentment, those worst of counsellors, and refrained from no word or act provided that it won him popularity. He relaxed his former strict discipline over the troops under his command in winter quarters, and talked about the war in a mixture of criticism and boas ...
... Marius was overcome by ambition and resentment, those worst of counsellors, and refrained from no word or act provided that it won him popularity. He relaxed his former strict discipline over the troops under his command in winter quarters, and talked about the war in a mixture of criticism and boas ...
Chapter Nine: Publicans and Patriarchs: The Rise of Roman Family
... '…her kings are not…always drawn from a single family of no more than ordinary merit….[but] from any family which is outstanding at the time, and they are drawn from it by election, and not by seniority.' 4 A popular assembly played a management role as well. Appointed boards of merchant-princes ser ...
... '…her kings are not…always drawn from a single family of no more than ordinary merit….[but] from any family which is outstanding at the time, and they are drawn from it by election, and not by seniority.' 4 A popular assembly played a management role as well. Appointed boards of merchant-princes ser ...
Punic War Gale documents
... campaign between 280 and 275 B.C., left a power vacuum little different from that which existed before, and it was only a matter of time before Rome and Carthage could be expected to come into conflict there. The occasion of Roman involvement in Sicily, and the beginning of the First Punic War, may ...
... campaign between 280 and 275 B.C., left a power vacuum little different from that which existed before, and it was only a matter of time before Rome and Carthage could be expected to come into conflict there. The occasion of Roman involvement in Sicily, and the beginning of the First Punic War, may ...
Virtus in the Roman World - The Cupola: Scholarship at Gettysburg
... should have lost, or at least changed, its original, more military meanings based on Greek influence as well, which, with evidence from later and contemporary military documents, is certainly not the case. Myles McDonnell, a modern proponent of the Greekinfluence theory, suggests that all uses of vi ...
... should have lost, or at least changed, its original, more military meanings based on Greek influence as well, which, with evidence from later and contemporary military documents, is certainly not the case. Myles McDonnell, a modern proponent of the Greekinfluence theory, suggests that all uses of vi ...
A Tale of Two States
... 2.1 - Sources and Representations of Power in Soissons As covered in the previous chapter, discussion of the state of Soissons under Aegidius and Syagrius is somewhat problematic given the relative lack of primary sources focussed on the state itself. This is not to say that investigating the source ...
... 2.1 - Sources and Representations of Power in Soissons As covered in the previous chapter, discussion of the state of Soissons under Aegidius and Syagrius is somewhat problematic given the relative lack of primary sources focussed on the state itself. This is not to say that investigating the source ...
Conquest and Rebellion
... beat the other Celtic tribes one by one, slowly spreading Roman control over Britain. The Romans hunted down the British kings who fought on against them. These kings and their families were shipped back to Rome in chains and slung into jail, later to be dragged through the streets lined with cheeri ...
... beat the other Celtic tribes one by one, slowly spreading Roman control over Britain. The Romans hunted down the British kings who fought on against them. These kings and their families were shipped back to Rome in chains and slung into jail, later to be dragged through the streets lined with cheeri ...
Morey, William Carey. Outlines of Roman History. New York
... Not too much is known about the first thirty years of Sulla's life. It is only known that "Sulla was a poor man of aristocratic descent, who lived in obscure lodgings while laying the first foundations of his career" (Baker 31). He loved acting, singing, and works of art. He enjoyed the company of p ...
... Not too much is known about the first thirty years of Sulla's life. It is only known that "Sulla was a poor man of aristocratic descent, who lived in obscure lodgings while laying the first foundations of his career" (Baker 31). He loved acting, singing, and works of art. He enjoyed the company of p ...
The Lex Sempronia Agraria: A Soldier`s Stipendum
... betray his lack of understanding of the economic realities of Republican Rome: “Then the poor, who had been ejected from their land, no longer showed themselves eager for military service…”6 The poor, reflected in the census ratings as the capite censi, who at the census were counted by their heads ...
... betray his lack of understanding of the economic realities of Republican Rome: “Then the poor, who had been ejected from their land, no longer showed themselves eager for military service…”6 The poor, reflected in the census ratings as the capite censi, who at the census were counted by their heads ...
OCR Nationals - John D Clare
... began to set up colonies of its own, first along the Western Mediterranean and down the western coast of Africa. Archaeological evidence shows that its traders reached as far as Britain. Pliny the Elder [Natural History 2.169a] tells us that Himilco explored ‘the outer coasts of Europe’. He was prob ...
... began to set up colonies of its own, first along the Western Mediterranean and down the western coast of Africa. Archaeological evidence shows that its traders reached as far as Britain. Pliny the Elder [Natural History 2.169a] tells us that Himilco explored ‘the outer coasts of Europe’. He was prob ...
EASTERN RELIGIOUS INFLUENCES IN THE IMPERIAL ROMAN
... When studying the religious practices of the imperial Roman army, there are many questions to consider, such as: did the introduction of non-Roman cults to the military affect its unity, and in the bigger picture, that of the empire; what role did the emperor play in regards to religious influence i ...
... When studying the religious practices of the imperial Roman army, there are many questions to consider, such as: did the introduction of non-Roman cults to the military affect its unity, and in the bigger picture, that of the empire; what role did the emperor play in regards to religious influence i ...
Military activities on Rome`s frontier: The evidence of aerial
... In these early days of aerial archaeology during the First World War, the attention of aerial military observers and photographers had already been captured by the remains of Roman objects of both civilian and, above all, military character. However, it was not until the end of the First World War t ...
... In these early days of aerial archaeology during the First World War, the attention of aerial military observers and photographers had already been captured by the remains of Roman objects of both civilian and, above all, military character. However, it was not until the end of the First World War t ...
Spartacus - Edublogs
... Ancient Rome had a lot of marvels. Back in the heyday, the Romans put up many spectacular structures. Some of them still remain standing today. As we admire the civilization that ancient Rome left behind, we must keep one thing in mind. Rome's glory was built largely on the backs of countless slaves ...
... Ancient Rome had a lot of marvels. Back in the heyday, the Romans put up many spectacular structures. Some of them still remain standing today. As we admire the civilization that ancient Rome left behind, we must keep one thing in mind. Rome's glory was built largely on the backs of countless slaves ...
ROME, TARENTUM AND THE DEFECTION OF
... On this background, the diplomatic approaches were considerable intense. As early as 326 B.C., at the beginning of the Second Samnite War, according to Livy, the Lucanians and the Apulians concluded treaties with Rome 15. As it was to be expected, these diplomatic connec ...
... On this background, the diplomatic approaches were considerable intense. As early as 326 B.C., at the beginning of the Second Samnite War, according to Livy, the Lucanians and the Apulians concluded treaties with Rome 15. As it was to be expected, these diplomatic connec ...
Roman Military Artwork as Propaganda on the
... Appian, “Mithridatic Wars,” In Roman History, trans. by Horace White (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1912), 45; Pausanias, Description of Greece, trans. by W. H. S. Jones (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1935, 9.40.7 – 8; Plutarch, “Sulla,” In Parallel Lives, trans. by Bernadotte ...
... Appian, “Mithridatic Wars,” In Roman History, trans. by Horace White (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1912), 45; Pausanias, Description of Greece, trans. by W. H. S. Jones (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1935, 9.40.7 – 8; Plutarch, “Sulla,” In Parallel Lives, trans. by Bernadotte ...
Structural history of the Roman military
The structural history of the Roman military concerns the major transformations in the organization and constitution of ancient Rome's armed forces, ""the most effective and long-lived military institution known to history."" From its origins around 800 BC to its final dissolution in AD 476 with the demise of the Western Roman Empire, Rome's military organization underwent substantial structural change. At the highest level of structure, the forces were split into the Roman army and the Roman navy, although these two branches were less distinct than in many modern national defense forces. Within the top levels of both army and navy, structural changes occurred as a result of both positive military reform and organic structural evolution. These changes can be divided into four distinct phases.Phase I The army was derived from obligatory annual military service levied on the citizenry, as part of their duty to the state. During this period, the Roman army would wage seasonal campaigns against largely local adversaries.Phase II As the extent of the territories falling under Roman control expanded and the size of the forces increased, the soldiery gradually became salaried professionals. As a consequence, military service at the lower (non-salaried) levels became progressively longer-term. Roman military units of the period were largely homogeneous and highly regulated. The army consisted of units of citizen infantry known as legions (Latin: legiones) as well as non-legionary allied troops known as auxilia. The latter were most commonly called upon to provide light infantry, logistical, or cavalry support.Phase III At the height of the Roman Empire's power, forces were tasked with manning and securing the borders of the vast provinces which had been brought under Roman control. Serious strategic threats were less common in this period and emphasis was placed on preserving gained territory. The army underwent changes in response to these new needs and became more dependent on fixed garrisons than on march-camps and continuous field operations.Phase IV As Rome began to struggle to keep control over its sprawling territories, military service continued to be salaried and professional for Rome's regular troops. However, the trend of employing allied or mercenary elements was expanded to such an extent that these troops came to represent a substantial proportion of the armed forces. At the same time, the uniformity of structure found in Rome's earlier military disappeared. Soldiery of the era ranged from lightly armed mounted archers to heavy infantry, in regiments of varying size and quality. This was accompanied by a trend in the late empire of an increasing predominance of cavalry rather than infantry troops, as well as a requirement for more mobile operations.↑