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fO*^ .3? - IDEALS @ Illinois
fO*^ .3? - IDEALS @ Illinois

... when Drusus consecrated for Gaul the altar of Augustus at Lyons, the Ubii were not included, but a similar altar was erected for the German cantons, is answered by Riese, who points out that the emperor's worship was by no means confined to a single place in a province. For proofs of this statement ...
A Chronology of the Roman Empire
A Chronology of the Roman Empire

... for concern. The Romans had unusually long memories. They were immensely proud of their history, and took great care to keep it alive – through myth and ceremonial and formal recording of events. Perhaps the most bizarre example of this is their treatment of the wax deathmasks (imagines) of the grea ...
Marcomannia in the making
Marcomannia in the making

... For who is so worthless or indolent as not to wish to know by what means and under what system of polity the Romans in less than fifty-three years have succeeded in subjecting the whole inhabited world to their sole government – a thing unique in history? Polybius believed that Rome had conquered th ...
Parallel Lives: Hannibal and Scipio in Livy`s Third Decade
Parallel Lives: Hannibal and Scipio in Livy`s Third Decade

... In her recent book Livy’s Written Rome, Jaeger convincingly argues that Livy makes the stories of Manlius and Camillus complementary to one another. Manlius and Camillus match each other in their fight against the Gauls, Manlius defending the citadel from the inside, Camillus coming to its rescue fr ...
Augustus Caesar - Kouroo Contexture
Augustus Caesar - Kouroo Contexture

... I should mention, however, that I fancy that Caesar was not assassinated on the Ides of March. I think what happened was that unexpectedly the guy had one of his epileptic fits, and croaked, and then his political cronies had suddenly to figure out how they were going to spin this — and they decided ...
Τόπος και Χρόνος Γέννησης Τόπος και Χρόνος Θανάτου Κύρι
Τόπος και Χρόνος Γέννησης Τόπος και Χρόνος Θανάτου Κύρι

... triumphal procession was organized, that the city had seen no similar of for at least 50 years. The emperors assumed the titles “Armeniacus” and “Parthicus”. Despite their victorious outcome, however, these wars had also negative impact on Asia Minor and the empire in general. On their way to Mesopo ...
Warped Intertextualities: Naevius and Sallust
Warped Intertextualities: Naevius and Sallust

... F. Moorton, ‘The Innocence of Italy in Virgil’s Aeneid’, AJP  () - and E. Dench, From Barbarians to New Men (Oxford ) . The motif is also Greek, as at Xenophon Oeconomicus .- and .-. Cf. B. D. Shaw, ‘Eaters of Flesh, Drinkers of ...
Brutus, Marcus Junius (85 B.C.
Brutus, Marcus Junius (85 B.C.

Although Horace`s and Juvenal`s satires differed
Although Horace`s and Juvenal`s satires differed

... said, such as, “At Rome, you long for the country; when you are in the country, fickle, you extol the absent city to the skies.” By using self-deprecation in the form of ridicule, Horace’s satire was rather amusing. Unlike the tone of Horatian satire, which is light and amusing, the tone of Juvenali ...
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Was Caesar a man of the people or a power

... 61 BC- Trouble plagued the Roman province of Spain: large bands of robbers raided the towns. Soon after arriving in Spain and assuming his position as governor, Caesar raised five thousand soldiers and they, along with his already assembled two Roman legions, defeated the robbers after months of fi ...
Negotiating Julio-Claudian Memory
Negotiating Julio-Claudian Memory

... Marcus Salvius Otho.16 Otho became emperor, but was challenged by the general Anulus Vitellius Germanicus. Othonian troops were defeated in April of 69 C.E and Vitellius became the next emperor of Rome.17 While Vitellius, Otho, and Galba contended for the principate in Rome, Vespasian remained stat ...
Titus andronicus
Titus andronicus

... probably in collaboration with George Peele. It is thought to be Shakespeare's first tragedy, and is often seen as his attempt to emulate the violent and bloody revenge plays of his contemporaries, which were extremely popular with audiences throughout the 16th century.[1]The play is set during the ...
The Ara Pacis Augustae: Visual Rhetoric in Augustus
The Ara Pacis Augustae: Visual Rhetoric in Augustus

... specifically the Augustan building campaign.5 Art historian Diane Favro has effectively connected classical systems of memory based on heads as described in Roman rhetorical treatises to the Augustan building program, arguing ‘‘learned Romans were predisposed to look for an underlying, coherent narr ...
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sexual virtue, sexual vice, and the requirements of the

... men, in short, were, for the most part, strict moralists, who condemned the excesses they witnessed and despaired for the future of Rome. ...
The Role of the Visual Arts in the Transition from Republic to Empire
The Role of the Visual Arts in the Transition from Republic to Empire

... to solidify his position in the government, allowing for the Principate Period to emerge from the uncertainty of the Late Republic. Augustus’s exploitation of the visual arts facilitated the political transition from Republic to Empire. Augustus took control of civic art production in Rome in order ...
Augustus - Hirhome.com
Augustus - Hirhome.com

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... The author of The Tragedie of Caesar and Pompey seems to have faithfully followed Plutarch’s description. If Calpurnia’s prophetic dream is not mentioned, as it is in Plutarch’s text, Caesar is stabbed by the conspirators before the statue of Pompey, lying at its feet. No stage direction suggests th ...
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A Man For All Seasons

... dictator. The dictator would have absolute authority over the people and army of Rome. What was the Roman custom in times of strife? The Roman custom in times of strife was for the Senate to appoint a single man as dictator. And who would the dictator have absolute authority over? The dictator would ...
Quintus Sertorius and the Rebellion in Spain
Quintus Sertorius and the Rebellion in Spain

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... those measures of his which were constitutionally significant. A listing of these measures, with some indication of constitutional implications, is pertinent. 1. It has been mentioned that Tiberius pushed through a kind of recall election of the tribune, Octavius, who opposed his agrarian law. It is ...
Augustus, Egypt, and Propaganda by Valerie Broadbent
Augustus, Egypt, and Propaganda by Valerie Broadbent

... Ptolemy V (who was only five at the time). The ascension of this boy had caused such internal strife and rioting in Alexandria that it attracted the attention of the Seleucid monarch of Syria, Antiochus III. Amidst the confusion and discord, Antiochus created a secret pact with Philip V for the par ...
Caesar 2 Essay, Research Paper Many people associate the Ides of
Caesar 2 Essay, Research Paper Many people associate the Ides of

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The Roman State (cont.)

... republic, Sulla restored power to the Senate and took away most of the powers of the popular assemblies.  • His example of seizing power militarily would be repeated, to Rome’s detriment. ...
Fall of Caesar
Fall of Caesar

... brutal civil war between two opposing forces: Caesar and the Populares, and Pompey and the Optimates. The civilians greatly approved of Caesar’s action and perceived him as a hero. However, the senate was very fearful and expected the worse from Caesar’s crossing of the Rubicon. Though the Populares ...
Roman Principate - Seshat: Global History Databank
Roman Principate - Seshat: Global History Databank

... 2. Provincial governors[43] of Imperial provinces (procurator Augusti) "Whilst in the senatorial provinces we still find quaestors, working under the supervision of the proconsuls, in the imperial there appear procurators of the Emperor, subordinate to, yet not directly dependent on, the legates."[4 ...
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Promagistrate

A promagistrate (Latin: pro magistratu) is a person who acts in and with the authority and capacity of a magistrate, but without holding a magisterial office. A legal innovation of the Roman Republic, the promagistracy was invented in order to provide Rome with governors of overseas territories instead of having to elect more magistrates each year. Promagistrates were appointed by senatus consultum; like all acts of the Roman Senate, these appointments were not entirely legal and could be overruled by the Roman assemblies, e.g., the replacement of Quintus Caecilius Metellus Numidicus by Gaius Marius during the Jugurthine War.Promagistrates were usually either proquaestors (acting in place of quaestors), propraetors, acting in place of praetors, or proconsuls acting in place of consuls. A promagistrate held equal authority to the equivalent magistrate, was attended by the same number of lictors, and generally speaking had autocratic power within his province, be it territorial or otherwise. Promagistrates usually had already held the office in whose stead they were acting, although this was not mandatory.One should also mention here the procurator, a posting originally as a financial manager in a province, a position which held no magisterial power until Claudius gave them his power in the mid 40s AD, enabling them to administer provinces.The institution of promagistracies developed because the Romans found it inconvenient to continue adding ordinary magistracies to administer their newly acquired overseas possessions. Therefore, they adopted the practice of appointing an individual to act in place or capacity of (pro) a magistrate (magistratu); a promagistrate was literally a lieutenant. Subsequently, when Pompeius Magnus was given proconsular imperium to fight against Quintus Sertorius, the Senate made a point of distinguishing that he was not actually being appointed a promagistrate: he was appointed to act not in place of a consul (pro consule), but on behalf of the consuls (pro consulibus).The Roman legal concept of imperium meant that an ""imperial"" magistrate or promagistrate had absolute authority within the competence of his office; a promagistrate with imperium appointed to govern a province, therefore, had absolute authority within his capacity as governor of that province; indeed, the word provincia referred both to the governor's office or jurisdiction and to the territory he governed. A provincial governor had almost totally unlimited authority, and frequently extorted vast amounts of money from the provincial population — he had total immunity from prosecution during his term in office. It became fairly common for provincial governors to seek continual election to office to avoid trial for extortion and bribery, two famous examples being Gaius Verres and Lucius Sergius Catilina.The near limitless power of a high-ranking promagistrate has led to the term ""proconsul"" being used to designate any high-ranking and authoritative official appointed from above (or from without) to govern a territory without regard for local political institutions (i.e., one who is not elected and whose authority supersedes that of local officials). One of the most prominent examples of this is Douglas MacArthur, who was given vast powers to implement reform and recovery efforts in Japan after World War II, and has been described occasionally as ""the American proconsul of Japan"".
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