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05-06 S Trajan`s Forum EDIT*
05-06 S Trajan`s Forum EDIT*

... The Basilica Ulpia stood south of the Trajan s Column and the two libraries. The Basilica Ulpia was named after the family name Marcus Ulpius Trajan. It was an oblong building that stood perpendicular to the central axle of the Forum. The central hall is surrounded by a double gallery of columns . T ...
The Senatus Consultum Ultimum and its Relation to
The Senatus Consultum Ultimum and its Relation to

Disorder in Rome`s Asia Minor - Sound Ideas
Disorder in Rome`s Asia Minor - Sound Ideas

Julius Caesar Article Review
Julius Caesar Article Review

... and represented a faction within the Roman Republic that were”…for the people”, or the common Roman citizen not the wealthy and powerful Optimates/Patricians. This position by Caesar would have made him despised by other wealthy and powerful Roman citizens. In 83 BCE Lucius Cornelius Sulla returned ...
venus in augustan rome - FAU Digital Collections
venus in augustan rome - FAU Digital Collections

... great stone temples in her name.''20 Evidence from Astarte's temples and inscriptions establishes her primarily as, "the Queen of Heaven, the Mother of all deities, the Holy Guardian of the earth, the Great Goddess."21 In this way, she still exhibited and shared the Goddess' identity, but she was al ...
Financing War in the Roman Republic 201 BCE
Financing War in the Roman Republic 201 BCE

Marcus Licinius Crassus
Marcus Licinius Crassus

... Arriving with his army on the coast, Spartacus discovers that the pirates, bribed by Rome, will not give him any ships. Unable to withdraw, Spartacus and his army discover that they are surrounded by three Roman armies led by Crassus. In the final battle, the slaves, after a fierce struggle, are rou ...
ROMAN HISTORY
ROMAN HISTORY

... to be a very just estimate of his character. We have epitomes of all the lost books, with the exception of ten; but these are so scanty as to amount to little more than tables of contents. Their probable date is not later than the time of Trajan. To summarize the result, then, thirty-five books have ...
The Second Punic War June 2013
The Second Punic War June 2013

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ALWAYS I AM CAESAR
ALWAYS I AM CAESAR

... in lip-smacking detail – and the poet Catullus scored multiple successes by lampooning the great general’s disgusting license and licentiousness. This Caesar, however, does not always sit comfortably with his imperial reputation. It is as if the ambitious conqueror of the Gauls and or of the Roman r ...
Untitled - Uni Oldenburg
Untitled - Uni Oldenburg

... Isaac (21992), p.58, points to the fact that revolts in recently established provinces were a well-known phenomenon and rather the rule than the exception. In this case, however, the revolt coincided with the Jewish revolt of 115, which made it potentially more dangerous (Pucci [1981]). On Lusius Qu ...
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julius caesar

... the return of their beloved leader Caesar, who enters Rome with his friends Cassius, Brutus, and Marc Antony. A soothsayer speaks to Caesar the famous line, “Beware the Ides of March,” but Caesar ignores him. Would you have listened to a raggedy-looking person on the street trying to give you advice ...
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... 30. Give the dates of the Second Punic War and the major battles (with dates) of the War. 31. How long did Hannibal’s invading force stay in Italy? 32. After the battle of Cannae, what tactics did the Romans use? How successful were they? 33. What was the reaction in Rome to the battle of Cannae? Wh ...
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pompey the great

OCR Nationals - John D Clare
OCR Nationals - John D Clare

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Full introductory notes - Association for Latin Teaching

... follows vice and greed fails. o Early books stress testing of the Roman people by constraining force (final clauses) His use of fatum , which the gods cannot change, linked with major crises – predestined emergence of Scipio Africanus “fatalis dux” o Fortuna – increasingly worshipped at Rome as stat ...
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English II Julius Caesar Name ___________ Period _____ Date

... Shakespeare’s contemporaries, well versed in ancient Greek and Roman history, would very likely have detected parallels between Julius Caesar’s portrayal of the shift from republican to imperial Rome and the Elizabethan era’s trend toward consolidated monarchal power. In 1599, when the play was firs ...
Untitled
Untitled

... many scholars, the selection of sources is often subjective. Series of dots are connected to form a picture, yet the dots that do not fit the image’s outline are left out. As described above, a major effort has been made to reconstruct the meaning of combined monuments. These studies yielded importa ...
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Politics and policy: Rome and Liguria, 200-172 B.C.
Politics and policy: Rome and Liguria, 200-172 B.C.

... scrutiny than they have received. The entire third chapter is devoted to the development of the Ligurian frontier. In his introduction, Dyson writes: Growing out of events, attitudes, and accumulated experience were policy and institutions. The Roman Republic provides a fascinating study of a highly ...
Roman Macedonia (168 BC - AD 284)
Roman Macedonia (168 BC - AD 284)

Sulla`s Tabularium - UWSpace
Sulla`s Tabularium - UWSpace

Polybius on the Roman Republic: Foretelling a Fall
Polybius on the Roman Republic: Foretelling a Fall

Augustus - Net Texts
Augustus - Net Texts

May 2013 - CSUN ScholarWorks - California State University
May 2013 - CSUN ScholarWorks - California State University

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Promagistrate

A promagistrate (Latin: pro magistratu) is a person who acts in and with the authority and capacity of a magistrate, but without holding a magisterial office. A legal innovation of the Roman Republic, the promagistracy was invented in order to provide Rome with governors of overseas territories instead of having to elect more magistrates each year. Promagistrates were appointed by senatus consultum; like all acts of the Roman Senate, these appointments were not entirely legal and could be overruled by the Roman assemblies, e.g., the replacement of Quintus Caecilius Metellus Numidicus by Gaius Marius during the Jugurthine War.Promagistrates were usually either proquaestors (acting in place of quaestors), propraetors, acting in place of praetors, or proconsuls acting in place of consuls. A promagistrate held equal authority to the equivalent magistrate, was attended by the same number of lictors, and generally speaking had autocratic power within his province, be it territorial or otherwise. Promagistrates usually had already held the office in whose stead they were acting, although this was not mandatory.One should also mention here the procurator, a posting originally as a financial manager in a province, a position which held no magisterial power until Claudius gave them his power in the mid 40s AD, enabling them to administer provinces.The institution of promagistracies developed because the Romans found it inconvenient to continue adding ordinary magistracies to administer their newly acquired overseas possessions. Therefore, they adopted the practice of appointing an individual to act in place or capacity of (pro) a magistrate (magistratu); a promagistrate was literally a lieutenant. Subsequently, when Pompeius Magnus was given proconsular imperium to fight against Quintus Sertorius, the Senate made a point of distinguishing that he was not actually being appointed a promagistrate: he was appointed to act not in place of a consul (pro consule), but on behalf of the consuls (pro consulibus).The Roman legal concept of imperium meant that an ""imperial"" magistrate or promagistrate had absolute authority within the competence of his office; a promagistrate with imperium appointed to govern a province, therefore, had absolute authority within his capacity as governor of that province; indeed, the word provincia referred both to the governor's office or jurisdiction and to the territory he governed. A provincial governor had almost totally unlimited authority, and frequently extorted vast amounts of money from the provincial population — he had total immunity from prosecution during his term in office. It became fairly common for provincial governors to seek continual election to office to avoid trial for extortion and bribery, two famous examples being Gaius Verres and Lucius Sergius Catilina.The near limitless power of a high-ranking promagistrate has led to the term ""proconsul"" being used to designate any high-ranking and authoritative official appointed from above (or from without) to govern a territory without regard for local political institutions (i.e., one who is not elected and whose authority supersedes that of local officials). One of the most prominent examples of this is Douglas MacArthur, who was given vast powers to implement reform and recovery efforts in Japan after World War II, and has been described occasionally as ""the American proconsul of Japan"".
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