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Civ IA- PowerPoint text- Lectures 12 and 13 Lecture 12
Civ IA- PowerPoint text- Lectures 12 and 13 Lecture 12

... “Social War” (91-89 BC) Urban slums: Optimates and populares (reformers) II) Reformers The Gracci: Tiberius and Caius Gracchus Tiberius Gracchus (163-133 BC) Patrician background Populare Tribune in Plebian Assembly Tiberius Gracchus on land reform: “The wild beasts that roam over Italy have their d ...
Fall of the Classical Roman, Han, and Gupta Empires
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... Fall of the Roman Empire The Roman Empire was established in 31B.C.E. by Augustus. There are many theories as to what lead to the final demise of the empire. The most common are the possibility that the empire was started on a weak idea, the government failed to fulfill its duties, and that foreign ...
скачати - Essays, term papers, dissertation, diplomas
скачати - Essays, term papers, dissertation, diplomas

... As a result of this defeat, the consequences for Sicily were extremely grave. Besides having to pay an indemnity of 1,600 talents, some of the cities which had offered major resistence suffered the deportation of their inhabitants. *Picture* ?Reproduction, even partial, prohibited. All rights reserv ...
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Chapter 1 Michael`s Last Lifetime - Multiple Personality Disorder
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Chapter 6: Ancient Rome and Early Christianity
Chapter 6: Ancient Rome and Early Christianity

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Excerpted from Janson, History of Art, 5th ed
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... centuries, and that once free citizenship under early Roman Law did not remain the same; it was known by several names and descriptions. Quiris, or the plural, Quirites, was the name of a Roman citizen with full civil citizenship and rights. The term translated Roman, as used in Acts 22, is Rhomaios ...
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teaching strategies for

The Roman Republic
The Roman Republic

... Note: Slaves did not belong to either class. They were not viewed as citizens! Slaves had a nickname – “tools that talked” ...
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Early Roman army

The Early Roman army was deployed by ancient Rome during its Regal Era and into the early Republic around 300 BC, when the so-called ""Polybian"" or manipular legion was introduced.Until c. 550 BC, there was probably no ""national"" Roman army, but a series of clan-based war-bands, which only coalesced into a united force in periods of serious external threat. Around 550 BC, during the period conventionally known as the rule of king Servius Tullius, it appears that a universal levy of eligible adult male citizens was instituted. This development apparently coincided with the introduction of heavy armour for most of the infantry.The early Roman army was based on a compulsory levy from adult male citizens that was held at the start of each campaigning season, in those years that war was declared. There were probably no standing or professional forces. During the Regal Era (to c. 500 BC), the standard levy was probably of 9,000 men, consisting of 6,000 heavily armed infantry (probably Greek-style hoplites), plus 2,400 light-armed infantry (rorarii, later called velites) and 600 light cavalry (equites celeres). When the kings were replaced by two annually-elected praetores in c. 500 BC, the standard levy remained of the same size, but was now divided equally between the Praetors, each commanding one legion of 4,500 men.It is likely that the hoplite element was deployed in a Greek-style phalanx formation in large set-piece battles. However, these were relatively rare, with most fighting consisting of small-scale border-raids and skirmishing. In these, the Romans would fight in their basic tactical unit, the centuria of 100 men. In addition, clan-based forces remained in existence until at least c. 450 BC, although they would operate under the Praetors' authority, at least nominally.In 493 BC, shortly after the establishment of the Roman Republic, Rome concluded a perpetual treaty of military alliance (the foedus Cassianum), with the combined other Latin city-states. The treaty, probably motivated by the need for the Latins to deploy a united defence against incursions by neighbouring hill-tribes, provided for each party to provide an equal force for campaigns under unified command. It remained in force until 358 BC.
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