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6_Etruscan and Roman Art_Part3
6_Etruscan and Roman Art_Part3

... Unknown. Ara Pacis Augustae (Altar of Augustan Peace) (13 - 9 BCE) Marble. Rome, Italy. ...
Punic-Wars power point w/map
Punic-Wars power point w/map

... • He was successful with early decisive victories would was not able to convince Rome’s allies to join him. • With Hannibal in Italy, Carthage was somewhat defenseless against Rome’s General. The Carthaginians quickly called for peace and Hannibal was sent home, having won every major battle he had ...
The Early Roman Republic A. Formation of the Government a
The Early Roman Republic A. Formation of the Government a

... ii. Citizens without legal franchise 1. People who lived in distant areas 2. Enjoyed Protection of Roman Law 3. Eventually made full citizens iii. Latins 1. Members of 30 Latin communities or colonies 2. Self governing military settlements 3. Half-citizens, they could go to Rome and resume “full cit ...
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... No news had reached Rome of the survival even of this remnant of the national and allied armies, but it was still believed that both consuls had perished with all their men and that the entire military force had been wiped out. Never, without an enemy actually within the gates, had there been such t ...
Summary_of_the_Punic_Wars[1]
Summary_of_the_Punic_Wars[1]

... the war, but with their vast manpower resources the Romans were able to dispatch armies against him in Greece. Meanwhile the Roman armies in Spain continued their gradual success. Hannibal was able to elude much larger Roman armies marching about southern Italy, but could do little more. 213-211 BC ...
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... and leopatra s eet in a sea attle at c tium, in Greece. Soon after that victory, Octavian became The assassination of Roman ruler Julius Caesar in 44 BCE led to civil war. Over the the sole ruler of Rome. He took the name Augustus Caesar and the title princeps next 13 years, the Roman world suffered ...
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Polybius,_ Roman_Constitution

... He witnessed and speculated upon the events that marked the expansion of Rome in the Mediterranean area from Spain to Asia Minor, and he grasped the fact that Hellenistic history was passing over into Roman history. He spent sixteen years in Rome as one of a thousand Greek hostages brought to Rome i ...
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End of Republic/Triumvirate Powerpoint

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... Hannibal marched his troops up and down the Italian peninsula inflicting heavy losses upon the Romans for 15 years. During these 15 years the Romans lost a total of 65,000 men. These were the worst military defeats in Roman history. Hannibal never attacked Rome itself; capturing the city seemed impo ...
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OCR Textbook - John D Clare

... agricultural land to support them. The Carthaginians soon gained control over the native tribes who became known as the Libyans and Numidians. Once settled and eventually becoming independent of Tyre, the colony of Carthage established its own organization. During the 6 th century BC it also began t ...
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... The period of the Punic and Macedonian Wars was a critical one in Rome's history. At the dawn of the Punic Wars, in 264 B.C., Rome was master of Italy, but controlled no colonies or provinces outside of the Peninsula. She had neither a navy nor a merchant based economy. One hundred and twenty years ...
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... Greek architects felt these proportions were too elongated. They progressively reduced the temple's length relative to its width, until by the mid-5th century the ratio was slightly more than two to one. The Parthenon in Athens (447-432 BC), for example, has 17 columns on its sides and 8 on its ends ...
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... 3. Constantine and Christianity • Diocletian and his co-emperor stepped down in A.D. 305. A struggle for power followed. • For seven years, generals fought one another for power until one-Constantine-became the winner. • After the victory at the bridge over the Tiber, Constantine ruled the empire i ...
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... end of the book VII, the unrest in 342 BCE and its peaceful solution by lawmaking is described (Liv. 7,38–7,42). This event was apparently important in Livy’s eyes as he provides two versions of the story.14 The first one starts with mutiny in Capua garrison when the soldiers saw their poverty in co ...
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Early Roman army

The Early Roman army was deployed by ancient Rome during its Regal Era and into the early Republic around 300 BC, when the so-called ""Polybian"" or manipular legion was introduced.Until c. 550 BC, there was probably no ""national"" Roman army, but a series of clan-based war-bands, which only coalesced into a united force in periods of serious external threat. Around 550 BC, during the period conventionally known as the rule of king Servius Tullius, it appears that a universal levy of eligible adult male citizens was instituted. This development apparently coincided with the introduction of heavy armour for most of the infantry.The early Roman army was based on a compulsory levy from adult male citizens that was held at the start of each campaigning season, in those years that war was declared. There were probably no standing or professional forces. During the Regal Era (to c. 500 BC), the standard levy was probably of 9,000 men, consisting of 6,000 heavily armed infantry (probably Greek-style hoplites), plus 2,400 light-armed infantry (rorarii, later called velites) and 600 light cavalry (equites celeres). When the kings were replaced by two annually-elected praetores in c. 500 BC, the standard levy remained of the same size, but was now divided equally between the Praetors, each commanding one legion of 4,500 men.It is likely that the hoplite element was deployed in a Greek-style phalanx formation in large set-piece battles. However, these were relatively rare, with most fighting consisting of small-scale border-raids and skirmishing. In these, the Romans would fight in their basic tactical unit, the centuria of 100 men. In addition, clan-based forces remained in existence until at least c. 450 BC, although they would operate under the Praetors' authority, at least nominally.In 493 BC, shortly after the establishment of the Roman Republic, Rome concluded a perpetual treaty of military alliance (the foedus Cassianum), with the combined other Latin city-states. The treaty, probably motivated by the need for the Latins to deploy a united defence against incursions by neighbouring hill-tribes, provided for each party to provide an equal force for campaigns under unified command. It remained in force until 358 BC.
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