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Princeton/Stanford Working Papers in Classics
Princeton/Stanford Working Papers in Classics

... Venus during a storm which threatens her son, Aeneas (fr.13). In general, the epics of Naevius and Ennius show a determination to anchor the history of the Roman people in a divine plan and a deep mythic past, as if to show that their rise to hegemony was inevitably destined (Barchiesi 1962: 224-68) ...
Rise of an Empire
Rise of an Empire

"The Greek and Roman Background of the New Testament," Vox
"The Greek and Roman Background of the New Testament," Vox

... present their petitions to the emperor; it also symbolized the wider unity of different races within the empire. But it remained a formal and official cult and never touched the heart. Jews were exempt from it. Christians could not conform to it, and the offering of a few grains of incense before th ...
Continuity through Art in the Roman Empire
Continuity through Art in the Roman Empire

... of Rome. Placing images of the emperor on coins was not unusual during the period: “The image of the ruling elite appears in realistic portraits in sculpted heads, busts, coins, or portrait statues of the first century BC onward.”5 This idea of presenting images of the elite on coins started in the ...
The Roman Republic
The Roman Republic

Associate Professor Tom Hillard - Centre for the History of Christian
Associate Professor Tom Hillard - Centre for the History of Christian

... But I am SO glad to see the word ‘Rome’ turn up in the title of at least one of Edwin’s books. ‘Roman’ has already made it — but now we have Rome front and centre. Stuart has, in his title for Chapter 1 picked up on the closing words of one of Edwin’s reviews — a reference to “the big city buried in ...
Elisa Xu Period 3 12/14/11 Instruments: Roman and Now
Elisa Xu Period 3 12/14/11 Instruments: Roman and Now

... create such beautiful music. The melody made by the instruments was mystifying; and the girl goes to sleep with the music still echoing in her ear. The instruments that originated in Ancient Rome, how do they compare and contrast with the modern ones? The wind, the string, and the percussion instrum ...
World History Connections to Today
World History Connections to Today

... center of Italy but are not too rugged. Fertile plains supported a growing population. ...
Ch. 18 Cultural Worksheet
Ch. 18 Cultural Worksheet

... Why was Tarquinius Superbus, the 7th king of Rome, expelled from the city in 509 BC? Explain… ...
Democracy Now and Then
Democracy Now and Then

... The structure of the ancient Roman government had a lot in common with the present-day U.S. government. Similar to the different branches of the present-day U.S. government, the Roman government included three ruling bodies: the Senate, the magistrates, and the assemblies. The Senate, which was the ...
Crosby Garrett Helmet
Crosby Garrett Helmet

... a paddock for horses, while the evidence for the buildings is concentrated in the enclosure's northern portion. The remnants of Romano-British field systems in the surrounding area show that the area was under cultivation and animal remains found on the site indicate that the inhabitants also raised ...
Roman Expansion
Roman Expansion

Look inside - Amsterdam University Press
Look inside - Amsterdam University Press

... though Judaism was officially recognized and given a special status that allowed Jews to follow their traditional practices, early Jewish and Christian communities were marginal groups that often did not attract any special attention from those in power. Most other inhabitants of Roman society proba ...
Punic Wars Guided Notes
Punic Wars Guided Notes

... because  .  .  .   ...
Organization of the Roman Imperial Legion
Organization of the Roman Imperial Legion

... determine whether non-combatants like field surgeons and clerks were included in the 5,300 or helped bring the total number of men up to the official 6,000. The basic structure of the army is as follows: Contubernium: (tent group) consisted of 8 men. Centuria: (century) was made up of 10 contuberniu ...
Tages Against Jesus: Etruscan Religion in Late Roman Empire
Tages Against Jesus: Etruscan Religion in Late Roman Empire

... if Christ had a rival, it was Mithra! But we cannot completely forget that ancient Etruscan religion, or at least what survived of it through the doctrines and practices of the haruspices, also played a role in this confrontation of mentalities during the diffusion of Christianity. It was still felt ...
TTC Foundations of West. Civ II
TTC Foundations of West. Civ II

... C. Marked by what one scholar called “inspired common sense,” Aristotle based his ideas on observation and close study, not on pure thought. 1. His earliest work was in zoology and his most durable, in biology. 2. Perhaps we see here the influence of his doctor-father. 3. But we can also see the lon ...
(신) Mid Term Exam Study Outline with Timeline
(신) Mid Term Exam Study Outline with Timeline

... b. If you are called to go to court, you must go. If you don’t show up, you can be taken to court by force. c. A father shall have the right of life and death over his son born in lawful marriage, and shall also have the power to render him independent, after he has been sold three times ...
Late Roman Republic
Late Roman Republic

... 100,000 men with experience fighting in the Roman army (primarily Samnites and Lucanians) Latin communities, and many other Italian cities remained loyal to Rome Rebels caught Rome by surprise, inflicted some severe defeats Eventually, Rome gained the upper hand and defeated the rebel allies Rebels ...
Chapter 1 - Fortress Press
Chapter 1 - Fortress Press

... of Israel, moreover, was a response to the longings of those people, who had lived under the domination of one empire after another for centuries, to be free of imperial rule. Israelite tradition from which Jesus worked in his mission bore the marks of a prolonged struggle of the people both to adju ...
Rome`s Persecution of the Christians
Rome`s Persecution of the Christians

ANCIENT ROME HANDOUTS
ANCIENT ROME HANDOUTS

the roman republic
the roman republic

Advisory Body Evaluation (ICOMOS)
Advisory Body Evaluation (ICOMOS)

... The defences built by Scipio consisted of two curtain walls 6m high and 4.5m thick lined with square bastions, all built using large undressed stone blocks (opus siliceum). In the mid 2nd century BC the perimeter was extended and the walls were thickened and raised (to 12m high by 6m thick), using o ...
Your assignment is to: 1) Read about the two most important Ancient
Your assignment is to: 1) Read about the two most important Ancient

... Caesar then returned to Italy, disregarding the authority of the senate as he was expected to face several charges. With his legion, he famously crossed the Rubicon River and marched on Rome, similarly to Gaius Maris. In the ensuing civil war Caesar defeated the republican forces. Pompey, their lead ...
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Early Roman army

The Early Roman army was deployed by ancient Rome during its Regal Era and into the early Republic around 300 BC, when the so-called ""Polybian"" or manipular legion was introduced.Until c. 550 BC, there was probably no ""national"" Roman army, but a series of clan-based war-bands, which only coalesced into a united force in periods of serious external threat. Around 550 BC, during the period conventionally known as the rule of king Servius Tullius, it appears that a universal levy of eligible adult male citizens was instituted. This development apparently coincided with the introduction of heavy armour for most of the infantry.The early Roman army was based on a compulsory levy from adult male citizens that was held at the start of each campaigning season, in those years that war was declared. There were probably no standing or professional forces. During the Regal Era (to c. 500 BC), the standard levy was probably of 9,000 men, consisting of 6,000 heavily armed infantry (probably Greek-style hoplites), plus 2,400 light-armed infantry (rorarii, later called velites) and 600 light cavalry (equites celeres). When the kings were replaced by two annually-elected praetores in c. 500 BC, the standard levy remained of the same size, but was now divided equally between the Praetors, each commanding one legion of 4,500 men.It is likely that the hoplite element was deployed in a Greek-style phalanx formation in large set-piece battles. However, these were relatively rare, with most fighting consisting of small-scale border-raids and skirmishing. In these, the Romans would fight in their basic tactical unit, the centuria of 100 men. In addition, clan-based forces remained in existence until at least c. 450 BC, although they would operate under the Praetors' authority, at least nominally.In 493 BC, shortly after the establishment of the Roman Republic, Rome concluded a perpetual treaty of military alliance (the foedus Cassianum), with the combined other Latin city-states. The treaty, probably motivated by the need for the Latins to deploy a united defence against incursions by neighbouring hill-tribes, provided for each party to provide an equal force for campaigns under unified command. It remained in force until 358 BC.
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