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A Place at the Altar: Priestesses in Republican Rome
A Place at the Altar: Priestesses in Republican Rome

... facere) while dressed in military garb.23 A priestess known as the damiatrix offered a sacrifice (sacrificium facere) to the goddess Damia.24 Laywomen are recorded as officiants as well. Cato enjoins the vilica, the slave housekeeper on his country estate, to supplicate (supplicare) the Lares, the d ...
Togae - WordPress.com
Togae - WordPress.com

... Women's hairstyles varied from period to period and were often very elaborate. Sometimes the hair wasn't thick enough for the current style and then wigs would be worn. (A) This complicated structure of plaits piled on top of the head was worn by young girls on their wedding day. (B) and (C) The " ...
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roman clothing - julie petrusa

... Women's hairstyles varied from period to period and were often very elaborate. Sometimes the hair wasn't thick enough for the current style and then wigs would be worn. (A) This complicated structure of plaits piled on top of the head was worn by young girls on their wedding day. (B) and (C) The " ...
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... The people of the eastern empire created a new society that was very different from society in the west. • Eastern society was called the Byzantine Empire. • Eastern people studied Greek, not Latin. • People in the east and west began to interpret elements of Christianity differently. ...
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... looking slaves greet visitors and create an immediate impression of the wealth of the household. Adding to the complexity of Rome’s slave society was the fact that freedmen frequently owned slaves and slaves themselves were served by other slaves of lower status. A freedman by the name of Caecilius ...
Chapter 9: Roman Civilization
Chapter 9: Roman Civilization

... The rich and poor had very different lives in Rome, as did men and women. Reading Focus Do you think there is a big difference in the lives of boys and girls you know today? Why or why not? Read to learn how the lives of Roman boys and girls were very different from each other. What was it like to l ...
Chapter 9: Roman Civilization
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... Constantinus had outdone even a Greek goddess. By completing the project in only sixty days, the Prefect had actually made a miracle happen. The enemy at the empire’s gates The Theodosian Walls were repaired in time to discourage Attila from attacking the imperial capital; but Roman troops were unab ...
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nervi - School District of Clayton
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... Now I would imagine that many believe that money is everything in the world, and that rank and ability are inseparable from wealth. Let them observe that Cincinnatus, the one man in whom Rome placed all her hope of survival, who was at that moment working a little three-acre farm west of the Tiber R ...
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Constantine I

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... The Hands of the Double God: The Statue of Janus Geminus and the Gates of War The bronze gates attached to the shrine of Janus Geminus in the Roman forum are well known, and many explanations have been proposed to explain the origin of the counter-intuitive tradition of closing the gates during peac ...
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The Purple People 1 The Purple People
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... them the heads of their Roman guards as an initiation fee. The following month the other consul Tiberius joined up with Scipio at the Trebia River, a southern tributary to the Po. Tiberius had marched up from Rome with a good deal of ballyhoo. The consular elections were at hand, and he was anxious ...
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Early Roman army

The Early Roman army was deployed by ancient Rome during its Regal Era and into the early Republic around 300 BC, when the so-called ""Polybian"" or manipular legion was introduced.Until c. 550 BC, there was probably no ""national"" Roman army, but a series of clan-based war-bands, which only coalesced into a united force in periods of serious external threat. Around 550 BC, during the period conventionally known as the rule of king Servius Tullius, it appears that a universal levy of eligible adult male citizens was instituted. This development apparently coincided with the introduction of heavy armour for most of the infantry.The early Roman army was based on a compulsory levy from adult male citizens that was held at the start of each campaigning season, in those years that war was declared. There were probably no standing or professional forces. During the Regal Era (to c. 500 BC), the standard levy was probably of 9,000 men, consisting of 6,000 heavily armed infantry (probably Greek-style hoplites), plus 2,400 light-armed infantry (rorarii, later called velites) and 600 light cavalry (equites celeres). When the kings were replaced by two annually-elected praetores in c. 500 BC, the standard levy remained of the same size, but was now divided equally between the Praetors, each commanding one legion of 4,500 men.It is likely that the hoplite element was deployed in a Greek-style phalanx formation in large set-piece battles. However, these were relatively rare, with most fighting consisting of small-scale border-raids and skirmishing. In these, the Romans would fight in their basic tactical unit, the centuria of 100 men. In addition, clan-based forces remained in existence until at least c. 450 BC, although they would operate under the Praetors' authority, at least nominally.In 493 BC, shortly after the establishment of the Roman Republic, Rome concluded a perpetual treaty of military alliance (the foedus Cassianum), with the combined other Latin city-states. The treaty, probably motivated by the need for the Latins to deploy a united defence against incursions by neighbouring hill-tribes, provided for each party to provide an equal force for campaigns under unified command. It remained in force until 358 BC.
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