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Ancient Rome
Ancient Rome

... against the Romans. In fact, it is believed that at age 9 Hannibal made a promise to his father to destroy the Romans. This might only by an invention, but there may be some truth in the story: after all, the Carthaginians had good reasons to hate their enemies. ...
Nimes - ncssm
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... the natives as well as glorify the Emperor Augustus. ...
roman medicine and the legions: a reconsideration
roman medicine and the legions: a reconsideration

... A good general was one who billeted his wounded in a friendly town or fortress.' The soldier was dependent upon his fellows for aid and this medicine resembled that used by the Roman civilian who practised a sort of 'folk' medicine.4 The contention that there was a voluntary medical corps with the l ...
The Roman Constitution
The Roman Constitution

... Is it constitutional? Example 2: Tiberius Gracchus (133 BC) 1. Tiberius’ proposal of a land reform is vetoed by his fellow tribune Marcus Octavius. Constitutional? Yes, but quite unusual: tribunes seldom vetoed each other’s proposals. 2. Tiberius gains a majority vote (according to Appian) in 18 of ...
KINSHIP AND POWER
KINSHIP AND POWER

... phalus in the house hearth as the father of Servius. He was also substituted in some versions of the story by a client of Tarquinius.8 When the child was born the queen Tanaquil adopted him. For Festus Servius Tullius was spurius, meaning an unlawful child, i.e. the child of an unknown father. He qu ...
WHO WANTS TO BE A MILLIONAIRE???
WHO WANTS TO BE A MILLIONAIRE???

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Hannibal and the Second Punic War- Adam - 2010
Hannibal and the Second Punic War- Adam - 2010

... later Scipio Africanus would come to use it to his own advantage” (142). Ironically, Paullus was killed and Varro managed to escape back to Rome. Hannibal continued to defeat the Romans in every military encounter, and occupied Italy for about fifteen years. Because he was unable to receive reinforc ...
PUNIC WARS First Punic War (264-241 BC): The Romans ______
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... His father, his ________ and his father-in-law had died fighting Hannibal. By the year 203 BC Roman forces led by Escipion had won over the carthaginians in Spain. Then, Romans instead of fighting Hannibal, stationed in southern Italy, he decided to __________ in northern Africa. Carthage called Han ...
The Problem of Quirinius census
The Problem of Quirinius census

... found this tax set down in Caesar's memoranda. It was, in fact, a method which had been introduced once before, but had been abolished later, and was now revived. In this way, then, he increased the revenues." (Roman History LV 25:56) In 6 CE Caesar Augustus issued a worldwide decree that for a seco ...
Roman Art_AugustusofPrimarporta
Roman Art_AugustusofPrimarporta

... Augustus (27 – B.C. – 14 A.D.) , we find a new trend in Roman portraiture that reaches its climax in the images of Augustus himself, as, for example, in the splendid statue from Primaporta. ...
The Death of Julius Caesar
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scenario book
scenario book

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87 BCE - CAMWS
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Revelations of Rome in Virgil`s Aeneid by Tara Vandiver
Revelations of Rome in Virgil`s Aeneid by Tara Vandiver

Conquest and romanization of the upper valley of Guadalquivir river
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... romanization in the upper Gudalquivir valley. For some scholars, this represented a continuity of the Iberian pattern until at least the Republican period, to the point that the period between the end of the Second Punic War and the reign of Augustus has been labelled as the “late Iberian horizon” ( ...
Caesar Augustus
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... Roman people that the Senate named him dictator for life. For five hundred years, the Roman government relied on two consuls serving one-year terms and taking advice from the Senate. But as dictator, Julius Caesar ruled without considering Roman tradition or having to consult the Senate. Finally, in ...
Carsten Hjort Lange, Triumphs in the Age of Civil War
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... states his subject is the Late Republic, but he goes on to set up and outline issues of triumph and civil war down to the time of Constantine. It is superbly written, clearly and persuasively argued, and well-supported by thoughtful consideration of ancient and modern sources; among the latter, I sh ...
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... arrowheads, uniform ornaments, sandal nails, horse tack of the Roman cavalry and even the metal mouthpiece of a war trumpet. Located in the territory of the Mediomatrici, between the oppida of Divodurum (Metz) Saverne, the site of Bassing thus belonged to an aristocrat whose power was linked not onl ...
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genesis of the roman descent of lithuanians theory and the

... the Polish author Maciej z Miechowa and the papal legate Zacharias Ferreri. Still, Lithuanian chronicles are of special importance here. The role played by the University of Krakow, the “molding place“ of the Lithuanian intellectual elite, deserves special attention in this respect. This university ...
The Power of Images in the Age of Augustus Lecture 32
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... The popular image of Cleopatra as a seductive oriental in 20th century Europe and America has its roots in the hostile attacks on Mark Antony circulated by Cicero and other Romans, who objected to his marriage to a non-Roman queen! This photo comes from the 1917 silent movie about Cleopatra starrin ...
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... Along with his hectic life Marcus had a normal personal life. He married Faustina the emperors daughter in 145. They had had many children together a lot of their children died. One of their best known children are his daughter Lucilla, and their son Commodus. ...
The First Warlords
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... The sword was never carried into the assembly and there was no civil slaughter until Tiberius Gracchus, tribune and law bringer, was the first to fall a victim to internal commotion; and with him many others, who were crowded together at the Capitol around the temple, were also slain. Sedition did ...
as PDF - Unit Guide
as PDF - Unit Guide

... How valuable (or otherwise) is Livy's account of the Kaeso Quinctius riots in 463 (Livy 3.11-14) as evidence for the history of Rome in the early republican period? This brief essay is set for completion at the beginning of Week 3 of the semester, to help students get an idea of the standard for the ...
Pompey`s Eastern Command
Pompey`s Eastern Command

... fought the Albanians and Iberians.  Sherwin-White argues that these victories were highly significant for Pompey’s personal glory; he had previously achieved glory in wars begun by others. The Caucasian campaign allowed Pompey to advance beyond the scope of Lucullus’ achievements and into territory ...
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Early Roman army

The Early Roman army was deployed by ancient Rome during its Regal Era and into the early Republic around 300 BC, when the so-called ""Polybian"" or manipular legion was introduced.Until c. 550 BC, there was probably no ""national"" Roman army, but a series of clan-based war-bands, which only coalesced into a united force in periods of serious external threat. Around 550 BC, during the period conventionally known as the rule of king Servius Tullius, it appears that a universal levy of eligible adult male citizens was instituted. This development apparently coincided with the introduction of heavy armour for most of the infantry.The early Roman army was based on a compulsory levy from adult male citizens that was held at the start of each campaigning season, in those years that war was declared. There were probably no standing or professional forces. During the Regal Era (to c. 500 BC), the standard levy was probably of 9,000 men, consisting of 6,000 heavily armed infantry (probably Greek-style hoplites), plus 2,400 light-armed infantry (rorarii, later called velites) and 600 light cavalry (equites celeres). When the kings were replaced by two annually-elected praetores in c. 500 BC, the standard levy remained of the same size, but was now divided equally between the Praetors, each commanding one legion of 4,500 men.It is likely that the hoplite element was deployed in a Greek-style phalanx formation in large set-piece battles. However, these were relatively rare, with most fighting consisting of small-scale border-raids and skirmishing. In these, the Romans would fight in their basic tactical unit, the centuria of 100 men. In addition, clan-based forces remained in existence until at least c. 450 BC, although they would operate under the Praetors' authority, at least nominally.In 493 BC, shortly after the establishment of the Roman Republic, Rome concluded a perpetual treaty of military alliance (the foedus Cassianum), with the combined other Latin city-states. The treaty, probably motivated by the need for the Latins to deploy a united defence against incursions by neighbouring hill-tribes, provided for each party to provide an equal force for campaigns under unified command. It remained in force until 358 BC.
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