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No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... It established standards of justice that applied to everyone everywhere. ...
Comparing Strategies of the 2d Punic War
Comparing Strategies of the 2d Punic War

... war that endure to this day. Hannibal and Carthage failed when their inherent strategic weakness was confronted by the more robust and resilient Rome. Roman strategy effectively combined all elements of national power into a coherent, war winning strategy. A national strategy should be directed at t ...
2011 Massachusetts Certamen
2011 Massachusetts Certamen

2013%Yale%Certamen%Invitational% Novice%Division% Round
2013%Yale%Certamen%Invitational% Novice%Division% Round

Sourcebook p. 253-264
Sourcebook p. 253-264

PG_92_Chronic_Pascha..
PG_92_Chronic_Pascha..

File
File

... a few years of sound rule. For example, Nero had governors charged if they abused their powers, did not allow gladiators to fight to the death, and refused to engage in war except for defence. He also took steps to improve public order, to guard against forgery, and to reform the treasury procedures ...
Augustus and the Julio-Claudian Emperors of Rome
Augustus and the Julio-Claudian Emperors of Rome

... Not to worry. Augustus has a daughter—Julia—who was available, having been recently widowed. Tiberius is forced to divorce his own wife so he can marry Julia. And, this time, the designated successor does eventually take over. ...
File - EDSS World History to the 16th Century
File - EDSS World History to the 16th Century

... Caesar Augustus' Reign Following the battle of Actium, the political situation of Rome was still essentially unstable. It was clear that Octavian was in power, but the only way he had of proving it was the support of the military. Needing a legal way to make his takeover official (especially one tha ...
Caesar`s Rule and Caesar`s Death: Who Lost
Caesar`s Rule and Caesar`s Death: Who Lost

... Pompey began.23 Even the creditors realised that their debts were not realisable and that Caesar’s measures were a strong start to Rome’s economic recovery. He also made the senate more accountable by ordering that daily records of its meetings be kept. He massively increased its numbers by a third, ...
A Contorniate of Nero
A Contorniate of Nero

... In the British Museum there is a type of Roman medal called a ‘contorniate’, believed to date from the reign of Constantine the Great (AD 272 – AD 337), which obverse bears the head of Nero (and the usual legend) and reverse seems to feature the form of a wind organ with nine pipes with a bellows or ...
JULIUS CÆSAR
JULIUS CÆSAR

... On his way to Spain he stopped for a night at a little village among the mountains. One of his companions remarked that perhaps in that small place the people had their contests and their jealousies, as well as people in large cities. "Poor as this village is, I would rather be first here than secon ...
--House of Cæsar-- D-1 APPENDIX D THE HOUSE OF CÆSAR
--House of Cæsar-- D-1 APPENDIX D THE HOUSE OF CÆSAR

- Free Documents
- Free Documents

... privileges of Roman citizenship had to be extended to those regarded as suitable. as in Rome. . Further. Julius Caesar clearly indicated directions for reform. The army. as before. In short. however. a few observations are necessary to highlight the changes experienced by the provinces of the empire ...
Student Sample
Student Sample

... established Roman colonies by giving land to landless peasants and soldiers who had fought with him. In the provinces (land conquered by Rome) he appointed new governors and made them strictly accountable so they would no longer plunder the people of all their wealth. He reduced taxes and made tax c ...
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Document

... Caesar was fighting Pompey, another powerful Roman, and his sons. Pompey, as well as others in the Roman senate, was disturbed by Caesar’s growing ambition. ...
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Document

... Caesar was fighting Pompey, another powerful Roman, and his sons. Pompey, as well as others in the Roman senate, was disturbed by Caesar’s growing ambition. ...
The Roman Invasion of Britain
The Roman Invasion of Britain

... and understand why these historians wrote their histories, and for whom. Apart from the odd occasional state-ments by ancient writers, the conquest of Britain was described only by Tacitus and Cassius Dio, but there is little comparison between them. Cassius Dio, a Greek, was more of a compiler than ...
English 10 Julius Caesar Powerpoint
English 10 Julius Caesar Powerpoint

Document
Document

... Caesar was fighting Pompey, another powerful Roman, and his sons. Pompey, as well as others in the Roman senate, was disturbed by Caesar’s growing ambition. ...
Anna Tatarkiewicz
Anna Tatarkiewicz

... authority] and maiestas [dignity], could not neglect the realm of religion.2 We should bear in mind that in the Roman world, religion was an integral and indispensable component of social and political life. In other words, political changes were also reflected and expressed in religious aspects of ...
Julius Caesar
Julius Caesar

... against Caesar for the good of Rome Casca, who hates the ordinary citizens of Rome yet is jealous because they love Caesar and not him Cassius, a greedy and jealous man who wants to take drastic measures to keep Caesar from winning any more power—and to take away any power that Caesar ...
Ch 8 Sec 1 Review Questions.notebook
Ch 8 Sec 1 Review Questions.notebook

... 2a) What were the important features of the  Roman Republic? Wanted some "say" NO KINGS! Senate­elected by citizens    ­represented the citizens    ­made laws consul­elected by citizens    ­1 year term    ­2 of them    ­enforced laws    ­leaders of the gov't    ­had to agree    ­veto power Dictator­ ...
Slide 1 - tascleopatra
Slide 1 - tascleopatra

... The sacred bull worshipped at Memphis, believed to have oracular powers Bull identified by distinctive markings: the black calf had a white diamond on its forehead, an image of an eagle on its back, double the number of hairs on its tail, and a scarab mark under its tongue. Since the Apis was so sac ...
Courses
Courses

... 1000 and 2000 level courses are designed for students in the first or second year of their programs, and may be taken in any order. The courses are open to all students. ...
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Early Roman army

The Early Roman army was deployed by ancient Rome during its Regal Era and into the early Republic around 300 BC, when the so-called ""Polybian"" or manipular legion was introduced.Until c. 550 BC, there was probably no ""national"" Roman army, but a series of clan-based war-bands, which only coalesced into a united force in periods of serious external threat. Around 550 BC, during the period conventionally known as the rule of king Servius Tullius, it appears that a universal levy of eligible adult male citizens was instituted. This development apparently coincided with the introduction of heavy armour for most of the infantry.The early Roman army was based on a compulsory levy from adult male citizens that was held at the start of each campaigning season, in those years that war was declared. There were probably no standing or professional forces. During the Regal Era (to c. 500 BC), the standard levy was probably of 9,000 men, consisting of 6,000 heavily armed infantry (probably Greek-style hoplites), plus 2,400 light-armed infantry (rorarii, later called velites) and 600 light cavalry (equites celeres). When the kings were replaced by two annually-elected praetores in c. 500 BC, the standard levy remained of the same size, but was now divided equally between the Praetors, each commanding one legion of 4,500 men.It is likely that the hoplite element was deployed in a Greek-style phalanx formation in large set-piece battles. However, these were relatively rare, with most fighting consisting of small-scale border-raids and skirmishing. In these, the Romans would fight in their basic tactical unit, the centuria of 100 men. In addition, clan-based forces remained in existence until at least c. 450 BC, although they would operate under the Praetors' authority, at least nominally.In 493 BC, shortly after the establishment of the Roman Republic, Rome concluded a perpetual treaty of military alliance (the foedus Cassianum), with the combined other Latin city-states. The treaty, probably motivated by the need for the Latins to deploy a united defence against incursions by neighbouring hill-tribes, provided for each party to provide an equal force for campaigns under unified command. It remained in force until 358 BC.
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