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Caesar
Caesar

... omen and awarded him a golden commemorative gift from the temple of Jupiter. He then starved her sons Tiberius Nero and Drusus to death. Tiberius council of foreign affairs (20 men whom he had asked the Senate to select for him – including old friends and members of his military staff) were all kill ...
Some Elements of Centrally Planned Economy in the Late Antiquity?
Some Elements of Centrally Planned Economy in the Late Antiquity?

... workshops that belonged to pistores, members of the bread-makers guild. In the Early Empire, until the 3rd century, pistores were free person, but as early as in 319 AD23 their legal position changed and from now onwards they were tied to their occupation. If bread-maker abandoned the duty and sough ...
Julius Caesar - Letters from English
Julius Caesar - Letters from English

... Caesar, the most powerful man in Rome, has recently returned to the city after months of fighting abroad. ...
The defense system in Libya during the I-VI centuries
The defense system in Libya during the I-VI centuries

... ?\Iltiquities, and even later, in ·1971-1972, while I served· in the local government as a district commissioner of ...
Law and Finance “at the Origin” Ulrike Malmendier*
Law and Finance “at the Origin” Ulrike Malmendier*

... Economics A starting point for my analysis is the question of how an early economy could be sophisticated enough to generate a business form as advanced as the societas publicanorum. Peter Temin (2001, 2006) uses evidence from grain markets, employment contracts, the manumission of slaves, and loan ...
The Gift of the Nile Ancient Egypt
The Gift of the Nile Ancient Egypt

... The death of Julius Caesar 44BCE led to thirteen years of war and ultimately to the end of the Roman Republic. By 33BCE, both Caesar’s most trusted lieutenant and the last queen of Egypt would be dead, and a young man Caesar apparently met only once would become his adopted son and the most powerful ...
File
File

Kelsey Grant
Kelsey Grant

... This battle is very crucial in terms of understanding his take on Rome at this point. He chose to end his narrative with this battle at the end of his work because it really shows the contrast between the great Eternal City that he had written about so hopefully in the beginning of his narrative, an ...
Marcus Tullius Cicero
Marcus Tullius Cicero

... Pater Patriae – Father of the Country. ...
Plutarch
Plutarch

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IDENTIFICATION OF PLANT FIGURES ON STONE STATUES AND
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... 2007). Eggplant was unknown by the ancient Greeks and Romans, and it was carried out of the Mediterranean basin by the Arabs in the 7th or 8th century (Sekara et al., 2007; Daunay and Janick, 2007). In this study, two eggplant figures were identified: one from the 2nd century Roman Period and one fr ...
Further information: Celts and human sacrifice, Threefold death and
Further information: Celts and human sacrifice, Threefold death and

Connections Proposal Template - SocAMR
Connections Proposal Template - SocAMR

... coming and going of empires; the stress of civil wars. The city under siege, episodic and extensive destruction, followed by periods of growth and rebuilding. The most famous destruction was the sack of Athens in 480 BCE, when Xerxes led the armies of the Persian empire across the Hellespont and in ...
SOCIAL NETWORKS IN HELLENISTIC AND ROMAN ETRURIA
SOCIAL NETWORKS IN HELLENISTIC AND ROMAN ETRURIA

... exchanged widely in the Mediterranean and were a significant source of their wealth. These resources were also made into the ornate jewelry and adornment pieces that would later be found in the tombs of Etruscan elites. Over the course of the Archaic period the Etruscans began to expand within Italy ...
The Nobility under Augustus Spencer Williams
The Nobility under Augustus Spencer Williams

The Reforms of Julius Caesar A. Julius Caesar created ______
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... in the hands of the Senate. It members were patricians, and most of them were rich land owners. For many years, the plebeians fought for a greater voice in the government. They won many important rights and elected their own leaders. But wealthy Romans kept control of the Senate. All of Rome’s wars ...
YEAR 4: JULIUS CAESAR AND IMPERIAL ROME (5 lessons)
YEAR 4: JULIUS CAESAR AND IMPERIAL ROME (5 lessons)

... fights a war against him. ...
The games
The games

Molding Minds: The Roman Use of the Cuirassed Statue in Defining
Molding Minds: The Roman Use of the Cuirassed Statue in Defining

... occur within the same city, in front of the same audience, for years at a time. The emperor, in all of his glorious manifestations, was omnipresent in the lives of the populace of the empire through the production of imperial artwork. What must the arrival of a new imperial sculpture been like? Did ...
Marius` Mules - Western Oregon University
Marius` Mules - Western Oregon University

... court and was eventually sent to assist Scipio in Spain with a contingent of allied cavalry 14 . He proved to be a worthy soldier and returned home with honors. However, after Micipsa died, Jugurtha fought his uncle's two sons for control of Numidia. Although the civil war was an internal matter, Ju ...
2013 MA Novice
2013 MA Novice

... Which of the following, if any, is not from the same Latin root as the others: consent, sensational, resentment, extrasensory NONE, ALL FROM SAME ROOT B1: What Latin word with what meaning is at the root of all of the words in the tossup? SENTIO– TO FEEL, REALIZZE B2: What derivative of sentio means ...
From Princeps to Emperor
From Princeps to Emperor

... the
loyalty
of
the
army
(Tac.
Ann.

73).
Despite
their
adoration,
Germanicus
was
probably
 not
very
well
known
in
Rome.

In
AD
14,
he
was
appointed
as
the
commander
of
the
two
 Roman
armies
on
the
Rhine,
the
Army
of
Upper
and
Lower
Germany.

Subsequent
to
his
 two
campaigns
against
the
Germans,
he
w ...
English
English

... certain points on which the other sources remain silent).49 Scholars regard jurists’ commentaries to be ambiguous in some instances, but agree that they are generally in accordance with the content of the lex Iulia.50 To piece the law on adultery together from the different fragments is difficult, a ...
fall of the roman republic
fall of the roman republic

... musical numbers in shape, while Udo, Marlit and Ronja combined their circus skills for the gladiatorial fights. We played on Thursday evening, August 29 and the rest is history. The Roman Republic lasted for centuries, the German and Austrian for not more than 15 years, the Italian, Greek and Spanis ...
Julius Caesar - Beck-Shop
Julius Caesar - Beck-Shop

... God’. Caesar was now sole ruler of Rome and its Empire. He was king in all but name. Caesar was, however, surprisingly merciful to most of his defeated Roman opponents (including Brutus and Cassius) and gave a number of them responsible positions in his new regime. But the great unanswered question ...
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Early Roman army

The Early Roman army was deployed by ancient Rome during its Regal Era and into the early Republic around 300 BC, when the so-called ""Polybian"" or manipular legion was introduced.Until c. 550 BC, there was probably no ""national"" Roman army, but a series of clan-based war-bands, which only coalesced into a united force in periods of serious external threat. Around 550 BC, during the period conventionally known as the rule of king Servius Tullius, it appears that a universal levy of eligible adult male citizens was instituted. This development apparently coincided with the introduction of heavy armour for most of the infantry.The early Roman army was based on a compulsory levy from adult male citizens that was held at the start of each campaigning season, in those years that war was declared. There were probably no standing or professional forces. During the Regal Era (to c. 500 BC), the standard levy was probably of 9,000 men, consisting of 6,000 heavily armed infantry (probably Greek-style hoplites), plus 2,400 light-armed infantry (rorarii, later called velites) and 600 light cavalry (equites celeres). When the kings were replaced by two annually-elected praetores in c. 500 BC, the standard levy remained of the same size, but was now divided equally between the Praetors, each commanding one legion of 4,500 men.It is likely that the hoplite element was deployed in a Greek-style phalanx formation in large set-piece battles. However, these were relatively rare, with most fighting consisting of small-scale border-raids and skirmishing. In these, the Romans would fight in their basic tactical unit, the centuria of 100 men. In addition, clan-based forces remained in existence until at least c. 450 BC, although they would operate under the Praetors' authority, at least nominally.In 493 BC, shortly after the establishment of the Roman Republic, Rome concluded a perpetual treaty of military alliance (the foedus Cassianum), with the combined other Latin city-states. The treaty, probably motivated by the need for the Latins to deploy a united defence against incursions by neighbouring hill-tribes, provided for each party to provide an equal force for campaigns under unified command. It remained in force until 358 BC.
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