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Slayt 1
Slayt 1

... leaving calcium deposits. This formed into natural pools, shelves and ridges, which tourists could plunge and splash in the warm water. pamukkale01Hotels were springing up from the 1970s to cater for the large influx of tourists, and shortly afterwards UNESCO declared it a World Heritage Site. But b ...
aus: Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 92 (1992) 181–195
aus: Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 92 (1992) 181–195

... most significant, and certainly the best remembered of these measures. It was, nevertheless, simply part and parcel of a general move, over nearly two decades, to introduce some sort of order into the republican cursus. And while there may be no doubt about the authenticity of the lex Villia, Astin' ...
Julius Caesar Background
Julius Caesar Background

... • Shakespeare’s play starts with events that happened a month before the murder. • The play condenses 3 years of history into one play in which 6 days are acted out. ...
Stupid Wars - CAFE SYSTEM CANARIAS
Stupid Wars - CAFE SYSTEM CANARIAS

... Dictators also can make terrible allies as the Peruvians discovered during the War of the Pacific in 1879, when Bolivia started a war with Chile over birdshit, and dragged in Peru through a secret treaty to share their pain as its hapless ally. Peru was then forced to learn a basic lesson: when your ...
Michael Brazao, Who`s Your Daddy? Explaining the Rise of Roman
Michael Brazao, Who`s Your Daddy? Explaining the Rise of Roman

... or the chaotic private 'justice' of the feud. A central authority… assumed the role of protector of the people and guardian of the status quo." 21 As Pink, 51, writes: "[t]he criminal law [is] an expression of the State's disapproval of acts that [are] contrary to current values", which means that c ...
Daniel Sainz - WordPress.com
Daniel Sainz - WordPress.com

... Communist Party. While the book does follow the main points of the history fairly accurately, it does deviate into unknowns, speculations, and fabrications. As far as historical records show, Spartacus, for the first period of his life, was a free man. He was a Thracian and at some point served in ...
The Second Punic War effectively ended
The Second Punic War effectively ended

juliuscaesar_nn_ce
juliuscaesar_nn_ce

the punic project at carthage - The Oriental Institute of the University
the punic project at carthage - The Oriental Institute of the University

... lay a huge sandstone cippus. It had been brought to Carthage by barge from the Cape Bon quarries. The sandstone monument rested on a large well-hewn wooden beam. Unfortunately we were unable to complete the excavation of the carved cippus this season. Until next year we may speculate that the stela ...
The Second Punic War June 2015
The Second Punic War June 2015

... gained support (rare!) from Carthaginian Senate (who refused to hand him to Rome) for major offensive and moved quickly to New Carthage (SE Spain); informed men about plans for invasion (keeping them in picture and gaining trust); gave them leave (popular) then fortified Sicily (to prevent Roman att ...
The Letters of Cicero
The Letters of Cicero

... contextualizing comments about the Adams-Jefferson correspondence, which should prove helpful once we begin to examine these letters more carefully on Wednesday. After you have studied the presentation, choose one ancient or medieval letter-writer mentioned in it and prepare a presentation on that f ...
AW Final 2011 Jeopardy Review
AW Final 2011 Jeopardy Review

... Like in Rome class conflict led to specific changes in government. During the early formation of the citystates the people often supported rules who took power illegally but with populists support from this type of government ...
Mithradates: Scourge of Rome
Mithradates: Scourge of Rome

... Mithradates’ philhellenic realm. Ironically, the Ottoman connection is also a major reason for Mithradates’ neglect in the West. Reinach and other 19th- and early 20th-century European historians stereotyped Mithradates as a cruel, self-indulgent ‘Oriental sultan’, comparing him with decadent Ottoma ...
full text - Classical Association of South Africa
full text - Classical Association of South Africa

... accepted reading in this field. This paper does not go out from the assumption that it needs to 'prove' that early Roman women were not 'suppressed' in the way it is often assumed that their Athenian counterparts were. It is common enough knowledge that Roman women as a class wer-e not 'suppressed', ...
Jeopardy
Jeopardy

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Jeopardy

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... During the eighth and seventh centuries BC, the Etruscans, as highly skilled seafarers, enriched themselves thought trade abroad. By the sixth century BC, they controlled most of northern and central Italy from such strongholds as Tarquinia, Cerveteri, Vulci, and Veii. But these cities never united ...
Weather-lore, beliefs and sayings
Weather-lore, beliefs and sayings

... Janus had two faces, which allowed him to look both backwards into the old year and forwards into the new one at the same time. He was the ‘spirit of the opening’. In the very earliest Roman calendars there were no months of January or February at all. The ancient Roman calendar had only ten months ...
Rome`s Greatest Emperor
Rome`s Greatest Emperor

... 20. Cicero liked the lad but certainly underestimated him, noting, “He is an admirable youth who should be praised and ignored.” ...
The Real Caesar - D`Agostino & Royal
The Real Caesar - D`Agostino & Royal

... Roman governor would rule that place. ...
Introduction - Lakeside Ministries
Introduction - Lakeside Ministries

... kind, tenderhearted, forgiving, just as Christ had forgiven him. He walked in love, the element which bound his qualities together. He was still the great encourager, welcoming a man who was weak in faith but refusing to argue about secondary matters. Like his Master he did not emphasize a man's sho ...
Julius Caesar
Julius Caesar

Rome, Italy and the Western Empire
Rome, Italy and the Western Empire

Cleopatra: The Last Ruler of Powerful Egypt
Cleopatra: The Last Ruler of Powerful Egypt

... Alexandria if he Republic fell in his hands. The last straw was when he formally divorced Octavius’ sister and asked that she leave his house in Rome. Antony finally went to conquer Actium, which Caesar had wanted to defeat, but never had a chance to. Antony and Cleopatra were resting in Corinth dur ...
Imperial Stories and Empirical Evidence
Imperial Stories and Empirical Evidence

... colonial period in the Maghreb. As early as 1834 military officers in Algeria were blaming nomads for destruction of the vegetation and of the soil itself.9 Many French colonists were describing Algeria by the 1860s as the “land of thirst,” a land that had been transformed from a former paradise into ...
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Early Roman army

The Early Roman army was deployed by ancient Rome during its Regal Era and into the early Republic around 300 BC, when the so-called ""Polybian"" or manipular legion was introduced.Until c. 550 BC, there was probably no ""national"" Roman army, but a series of clan-based war-bands, which only coalesced into a united force in periods of serious external threat. Around 550 BC, during the period conventionally known as the rule of king Servius Tullius, it appears that a universal levy of eligible adult male citizens was instituted. This development apparently coincided with the introduction of heavy armour for most of the infantry.The early Roman army was based on a compulsory levy from adult male citizens that was held at the start of each campaigning season, in those years that war was declared. There were probably no standing or professional forces. During the Regal Era (to c. 500 BC), the standard levy was probably of 9,000 men, consisting of 6,000 heavily armed infantry (probably Greek-style hoplites), plus 2,400 light-armed infantry (rorarii, later called velites) and 600 light cavalry (equites celeres). When the kings were replaced by two annually-elected praetores in c. 500 BC, the standard levy remained of the same size, but was now divided equally between the Praetors, each commanding one legion of 4,500 men.It is likely that the hoplite element was deployed in a Greek-style phalanx formation in large set-piece battles. However, these were relatively rare, with most fighting consisting of small-scale border-raids and skirmishing. In these, the Romans would fight in their basic tactical unit, the centuria of 100 men. In addition, clan-based forces remained in existence until at least c. 450 BC, although they would operate under the Praetors' authority, at least nominally.In 493 BC, shortly after the establishment of the Roman Republic, Rome concluded a perpetual treaty of military alliance (the foedus Cassianum), with the combined other Latin city-states. The treaty, probably motivated by the need for the Latins to deploy a united defence against incursions by neighbouring hill-tribes, provided for each party to provide an equal force for campaigns under unified command. It remained in force until 358 BC.
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