Conjugative plasmids: vessels of the communal gene pool
... which enable insertion of elements such as gene cassettes into integrons by site-specific recombination, and resolvases, which are DNA endonucleases capable of resolving Holiday junctions that arise as a result of genetic recombinations. Many of these enzymes are encoded by an assortment of selfish ...
... which enable insertion of elements such as gene cassettes into integrons by site-specific recombination, and resolvases, which are DNA endonucleases capable of resolving Holiday junctions that arise as a result of genetic recombinations. Many of these enzymes are encoded by an assortment of selfish ...
NON-CANONICAL TRANSCRIPTION INITIATION: THE EXPANDING
... proposed recently for NAD that it may be the NAD synthetic machinery that attaches nicotinamide to the RNAs posttranscriptionally (Luciano and Belasco, 2015). Very recently, using elegant chemistry that substituted nicotinamide with 4-pentyn-1-ol, subsequent azide-alkyne cycloaddition (azide was bio ...
... proposed recently for NAD that it may be the NAD synthetic machinery that attaches nicotinamide to the RNAs posttranscriptionally (Luciano and Belasco, 2015). Very recently, using elegant chemistry that substituted nicotinamide with 4-pentyn-1-ol, subsequent azide-alkyne cycloaddition (azide was bio ...
Alternative Splicing in Higher Plants
... with the annotation of the genome and the relatively low gene number • The complexity of human development is difficult to explain using only 30,000 genes • Humans have had a recent expansion of the transposable element Alu in the genome - 4% of human protein coding genes contain at least one Alu - ...
... with the annotation of the genome and the relatively low gene number • The complexity of human development is difficult to explain using only 30,000 genes • Humans have had a recent expansion of the transposable element Alu in the genome - 4% of human protein coding genes contain at least one Alu - ...
Interaction-based evolution: how natural selection and nonrandom
... empirical findings. Some of these findings were simply unexpected from traditional theory and are unengaged by it, including the discovery in the 1960s of far more genetic variance than could be subject to selection according to traditional theory [1,2], and ENCODE’s very recent finding that the maj ...
... empirical findings. Some of these findings were simply unexpected from traditional theory and are unengaged by it, including the discovery in the 1960s of far more genetic variance than could be subject to selection according to traditional theory [1,2], and ENCODE’s very recent finding that the maj ...
View/Open
... plants relies on the manipulation of not only qualitative traits but also quantitatively inherited agronomic traits. Many genes control these complex traits and each gene has small and cumulative effect on the target trait. Hence, decoding the genetic architecture of important agronomic traits such ...
... plants relies on the manipulation of not only qualitative traits but also quantitatively inherited agronomic traits. Many genes control these complex traits and each gene has small and cumulative effect on the target trait. Hence, decoding the genetic architecture of important agronomic traits such ...
Gene conversion and purifying selection shape nucleotide variation
... tends to be smaller than divergence of the same gene between species (orthologous divergence) [26,27], (2) allelic polymorphism is often shared between L and M opsin genes and between species [28,29], (3) paralogous nucleotide divergence in introns and peripheral exons (exons 1 and 6) is significant ...
... tends to be smaller than divergence of the same gene between species (orthologous divergence) [26,27], (2) allelic polymorphism is often shared between L and M opsin genes and between species [28,29], (3) paralogous nucleotide divergence in introns and peripheral exons (exons 1 and 6) is significant ...
special - Microbiology
... study of antibiotic production. It was well-established that some streptomycetes made several different classes of antibiotics and that these compounds were generally the products of complex biosynthetic pathways. Although there was genetic evidence to indicate clustering of the biosynthetic genes, ...
... study of antibiotic production. It was well-established that some streptomycetes made several different classes of antibiotics and that these compounds were generally the products of complex biosynthetic pathways. Although there was genetic evidence to indicate clustering of the biosynthetic genes, ...
Morphology of nuclear transcription | SpringerLink
... The rRNA is transcribed from rDNA, which is present in a unique conformation in the genome. Individual genes are arranged in a repetitive head-to-tail orientation. The transcribed genes (transcription units; TU) are separated by intergenic spacer sequences (IGS). Several tens of such repeats form a ...
... The rRNA is transcribed from rDNA, which is present in a unique conformation in the genome. Individual genes are arranged in a repetitive head-to-tail orientation. The transcribed genes (transcription units; TU) are separated by intergenic spacer sequences (IGS). Several tens of such repeats form a ...
Mating-Type Genes From the Homothallic Fungus Sordaria
... insert size of D9 and H2 were identical. Cosmids Dl and D9/H2 contain an insert of 37.7 and 33.4 kb, respectively. Comparative Southern blot analysis of the S. macrospora genomic DNA and cosmid DNAs revealed that the cloned DNAs are not rearranged with respect to their true genomic organization and ...
... insert size of D9 and H2 were identical. Cosmids Dl and D9/H2 contain an insert of 37.7 and 33.4 kb, respectively. Comparative Southern blot analysis of the S. macrospora genomic DNA and cosmid DNAs revealed that the cloned DNAs are not rearranged with respect to their true genomic organization and ...
An Introduction to Streptomyces
... Organisms are assigned to this class on the basis of their chemotaxonomy, their high G+C context and the similarities in the sequences of their 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (Hain, 1997). In the early steps of microbiology, many organisms now belonging to the class of Actinobacteria, such as Mycoba ...
... Organisms are assigned to this class on the basis of their chemotaxonomy, their high G+C context and the similarities in the sequences of their 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (Hain, 1997). In the early steps of microbiology, many organisms now belonging to the class of Actinobacteria, such as Mycoba ...
The Art of Multiple Sequence Alignment in R - decipher
... DNA, RNA, or amino acid (AA) sequences and returns a merged alignment. For more than two sequences, the function AlignSeqs will perform multiple sequence alignment in a progressive/iterative manner on sequences of the same kind. In this case, multiple alignment works by aligning two sequences, mergi ...
... DNA, RNA, or amino acid (AA) sequences and returns a merged alignment. For more than two sequences, the function AlignSeqs will perform multiple sequence alignment in a progressive/iterative manner on sequences of the same kind. In this case, multiple alignment works by aligning two sequences, mergi ...
A mixed group ll/group III twintron in the Euglena
... boxes correspond to exons. The hatched boxes refer to other genes in the premRNA. The intercistronicregionsare shown as thin lines. The 5'- and 3'-portions of the external group III intron of the rps3 twintron are represented by thin open boxes. The internal group II intron is depicted by a thick li ...
... boxes correspond to exons. The hatched boxes refer to other genes in the premRNA. The intercistronicregionsare shown as thin lines. The 5'- and 3'-portions of the external group III intron of the rps3 twintron are represented by thin open boxes. The internal group II intron is depicted by a thick li ...
Mol Biol Evol-2015-Lipinska-15
... These latter effects have not yet been investigated in so-called UV sexual systems, commonly found in mosses and many algae, in which sexuality is expressed during the haploid phase of the life cycle (Bachtrog et al. 2011). There are several important differences between UV systems and the more inte ...
... These latter effects have not yet been investigated in so-called UV sexual systems, commonly found in mosses and many algae, in which sexuality is expressed during the haploid phase of the life cycle (Bachtrog et al. 2011). There are several important differences between UV systems and the more inte ...
MicroRNA Analysis
... • lin-4, first miRNA to be described in C. elegans; important in development of the worm from larva to adult. • let-7, was also described in C. elegans (Reinhard BJ et al, 2000) as critical to stop the stem-cell-like divisions of seam cells and induce their fully differentiated state. Reduced let-7 ...
... • lin-4, first miRNA to be described in C. elegans; important in development of the worm from larva to adult. • let-7, was also described in C. elegans (Reinhard BJ et al, 2000) as critical to stop the stem-cell-like divisions of seam cells and induce their fully differentiated state. Reduced let-7 ...
Genomic Insights into Methanotrophy: The Complete Genome Sequence of Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath)
... insertion sequence elements from various families (Chandler and Mahillon 2002). As is found in other sequenced bacterial genomes, many of these elements share higher intra- than intergenome similarity. This suggests several possible mechanisms: expansion of these elements since their introduction in ...
... insertion sequence elements from various families (Chandler and Mahillon 2002). As is found in other sequenced bacterial genomes, many of these elements share higher intra- than intergenome similarity. This suggests several possible mechanisms: expansion of these elements since their introduction in ...
Genomics Reveal Ancient Forms of Stanniocalcin in Amphioxus and
... identified in animals that evolved before bony fish. The origin of this pleiotropic hormone known to regulate calcium is not clear. In the present study, we have cloned three stanniocalcins from two invertebrates, the tunicate Ciona intestinalis and the amphioxus Branchiostoma floridae. Both species ...
... identified in animals that evolved before bony fish. The origin of this pleiotropic hormone known to regulate calcium is not clear. In the present study, we have cloned three stanniocalcins from two invertebrates, the tunicate Ciona intestinalis and the amphioxus Branchiostoma floridae. Both species ...
Information Encoding in Biological Molecules: DNA and
... • exons can be added to an existing transcript by shift + left-click + drag exon to the transcript • to create an exon without support right-click and select “Create exon” • to delete exon/transcript choose “Delete feature” Lab 5.2 ...
... • exons can be added to an existing transcript by shift + left-click + drag exon to the transcript • to create an exon without support right-click and select “Create exon” • to delete exon/transcript choose “Delete feature” Lab 5.2 ...
Structural changes following the reversal of a Y chromosome to an
... Robertsonian translocations resulting in fusions between sex chromosomes and autosomes shape karyotype evolution in animals by creating new sex chromosomes from autosomes. These translocations can also reverse sex chromosomes back into autosomes, which is especially intriguing given that autosomes a ...
... Robertsonian translocations resulting in fusions between sex chromosomes and autosomes shape karyotype evolution in animals by creating new sex chromosomes from autosomes. These translocations can also reverse sex chromosomes back into autosomes, which is especially intriguing given that autosomes a ...
Frequent, independent transfers of a catabolic gene from bacteria to
... Indeed, gene duplications (followed by evolution of new functions) and other genomic rearrangements have shaped eukaryotic genomes [1]. However, genetic innovation can also result from the acquisition of exogenous genes by horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Prokaryotes adapt largely by HGT, and strains ...
... Indeed, gene duplications (followed by evolution of new functions) and other genomic rearrangements have shaped eukaryotic genomes [1]. However, genetic innovation can also result from the acquisition of exogenous genes by horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Prokaryotes adapt largely by HGT, and strains ...
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... any associated heterologous gene. As long as the D., [1987] Molecular Biology. Jones and Bartlett Publish allolactose concentration in the cell is above 104M, ers, Inc, Portola Valley, CA; Beckwith, supra). It was calculated that greater than 20% of the lactose acted 35 the tac promoter provides hig ...
... any associated heterologous gene. As long as the D., [1987] Molecular Biology. Jones and Bartlett Publish allolactose concentration in the cell is above 104M, ers, Inc, Portola Valley, CA; Beckwith, supra). It was calculated that greater than 20% of the lactose acted 35 the tac promoter provides hig ...
Supplemental Material
... also posted at the AAA site, were also used in this analysis. The FlyBase inferred cytological map locations were assigned to all of the orthologs called in the four species. These associations were then ordered and sorted according to their scaffold assignments and molecular coordinates for each sp ...
... also posted at the AAA site, were also used in this analysis. The FlyBase inferred cytological map locations were assigned to all of the orthologs called in the four species. These associations were then ordered and sorted according to their scaffold assignments and molecular coordinates for each sp ...
MicroRNAs: key participants in gene regulatory networks
... Proteins related to fragile X syndrome have been associated with protein complexes that contain miRNAs. The possibility that these proteins use an RNA-related mechanism for target recognition suggests that defects in miRNA-related machinery may cause human disease [35,36]. In addition, the locus of ...
... Proteins related to fragile X syndrome have been associated with protein complexes that contain miRNAs. The possibility that these proteins use an RNA-related mechanism for target recognition suggests that defects in miRNA-related machinery may cause human disease [35,36]. In addition, the locus of ...
Staphylococcus aureus CC395 harbours a novel
... than transduction. Thus S. aureus CC395 may serve as a hub for the continuous exchange of CRISPR as well as antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes between CoNS and S. aureus. ...
... than transduction. Thus S. aureus CC395 may serve as a hub for the continuous exchange of CRISPR as well as antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes between CoNS and S. aureus. ...
The biased nucleotide composition of the HIV genome: a constant
... not change the results (not shown). This suggests that the precise nucleotide composition of the HIV-1 genome, and most likely of other lentivirus genomes is a stable and unique trait that is highly preserved throughout evolution. Unfortunately, of the early HIV-1 group M viruses from 1959 and 1960, ...
... not change the results (not shown). This suggests that the precise nucleotide composition of the HIV-1 genome, and most likely of other lentivirus genomes is a stable and unique trait that is highly preserved throughout evolution. Unfortunately, of the early HIV-1 group M viruses from 1959 and 1960, ...
Transposable element
A transposable element (TE or transposon) is a DNA sequence that can change its position within the genome, sometimes creating or reversing mutations and altering the cell's genome size. Transposition often results in duplication of the TE. Barbara McClintock's discovery of these jumping genes earned her a Nobel prize in 1983.TEs make up a large fraction of the C-value of eukaryotic cells. There are at least two classes of TEs: class I TEs generally function via reverse transcription, while class II TEs encode the protein transposase, which they require for insertion and excision, and some of these TEs also encode other proteins. It has been shown that TEs are important in genome function and evolution. In Oxytricha, which has a unique genetic system, they play a critical role in development. They are also very useful to researchers as a means to alter DNA inside a living organism.