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... • Double-stranded helix: like step ladder • Each unit is a base pair (sugarbase-base-sugar) • DNA’s in cells are chromosomes (human chromosome ~3*(10^9) bp long) • Squeezed 3D structure in cell may have functional importance – not well studied ...
Document
Document

...  At least one of the antibiotic resistance genes is intact.  The enzyme cuts the plasmid only once  The cut is close to the promoter sequence 3. On the Human DNA Sequence (RM 3), scan the human DNA sequence and determine where the three restriction enzymes, BamHI, EcoRI, and HindIII, would cut t ...
Novel Imprinted DLK1/GTL2 Domain on Human Chromosome 14
Novel Imprinted DLK1/GTL2 Domain on Human Chromosome 14

... DLK1 and GTL2 are indicated by the boxes with arrows above and below showing a significant open reading frame. Neverthethe direction of transcription for the maternally and paternally expressed genes, less, it is possible that mUPD abnormalities respectively. The hatched ovals represent CpG-rich reg ...
Introduction to Microarray Analysis (Section D1)
Introduction to Microarray Analysis (Section D1)

... subset that is "expressed" that confers unique properties to each cell type. "Gene expression" is the term used to describe the transcription of the information contained within the DNA, the repository of genetic information, into messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules that are then translated into the prot ...
Tools for Comparing Bacterial Genomes
Tools for Comparing Bacterial Genomes

... As can be seen in > Fig. 2, the genes in this chromosome are strongly favoring one strand: the positive strand for the first (right) half and the negative strand for the second (left) half of the chromosome. These happen to be the leading strand during replication. Replication starts at the origin, ...
Apresentação do PowerPoint
Apresentação do PowerPoint

... – shows clear acute phase in mice (and accidentally infected humans) – shows chronic phase in mice, with preference for heart and muscle cells – is highly susceptible to drugs used against Chagas disease – differentiates efficiently to metacyclics in-vitro – isoenzyme profile, schizodeme and RAPD pa ...
DETAILED SYLLABUS COURSE CONTENTS (SEMESTER WISE)
DETAILED SYLLABUS COURSE CONTENTS (SEMESTER WISE)

... Gen 0704 - CONCEPTS IN CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 4Th-0T-3P = 6 credits Life on this earth has evolved through a set of simple biochemical reactions, which has subsequently given rise to specific cell types. Cells are made out of some building blocks which when bonded together produce the various st ...
Xenopus tropicalis Ken-ichi T. S and Hisato I
Xenopus tropicalis Ken-ichi T. S and Hisato I

... further searched other CYP1 genes using the latest X. tropicalis genome data. Consequently, we confirmed four CYP1 genes, CYP1A, CYP1B, CYP1C, and a novel CYP1 gene in X. tropicalis with diploid genome. Deduced amino acid sequences of the CYP1 genes are shown in Fig. 1. Six substrate recognition sit ...
No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... •Finding a likely mapping for a contig •Multi-step verification of potential regions by global alignment ...
Genomic disorders: structural features of the genome can lead to
Genomic disorders: structural features of the genome can lead to

... neuropathy with liability to press- FIGURE 2. Genome structural features and example genomic disorders. (a) Tandemly ure palsies (HNPP)23. CMT1A and repeated genes. The features of the genome are shown (genome structure) with genes HNPP result from an altered copy indicated as open arrows. Examples ...
Deletions of ultraconserved elements have no obvious phenotype
Deletions of ultraconserved elements have no obvious phenotype

... inactivated in the mouse and when their expression is altered due to other genomic modifications. Remarkably, all four resulting lines of mice lacking these ultraconserved elements were viable and fertile, and failed to reveal any critical abnormalities when assayed for a variety of phenotypes inclu ...
et al.
et al.

... are maintained in yeast as circular DNA molecules even the YCp vectors, which possess yeast centromeres. Thus, none of these vectors resembles the normal yeast chromosomes which have a linear structure. The ends of all yeast chromosomes, like those of all other linear eukaryotic chromosomes, have un ...
AP Biology
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... many copies of a particular segment of DNA, this method uses primers that bracket the desired sequence and a heatresistant DNA polymerase. DNA ANALYSIS AND GENOMICS  Restriction fragment analysis detects DNA differences that affect restriction sites (pp. 383-386, FIGURES 20.820.10) Gel electro-phor ...
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The Mitochondria as a Minimal Chassis:
The Mitochondria as a Minimal Chassis:

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... Individuals with mutations in p53 are at risk for colon cancer To determine if an individual had such a mutation, prior to PCR one would have to clone the gene from the individual of interest (construct a genomic library, screen the library, isolate the clone and sequence the gene). With PCR, the ge ...
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... The expression pattern of the cyclin gene T.Therm_00189230 during conjugation was investigated in this study. RT-PCR analysis revealed that although the primers amplified well from the genomic DNA template, the primers failed to amplify the cDNA expressed at the collection time points during conjuga ...
function Complex genomic rearrangements lead to novel primate gene
function Complex genomic rearrangements lead to novel primate gene

... Novel functions through genetic rearrangements scores between one of the human copies and the mouse ortholog than within the human paralogs should reveal divergent paralogs in terms of rearrangements in the gene structure. Thus, depending on this score, we defined two categories for the classificati ...
Chapter 20 Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes
Chapter 20 Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

... There Are Several Types of Transcription Factors Basal factors (TFs) and RNA polymerase bind to promoter and TATAA box. Activators are proteins that recognize specific short DNA sequences inducing the efficiency of the promoters. Co-activators are proteins required for a more efficient transcriptio ...
08.seg_dup_els - NYU Computer Science
08.seg_dup_els - NYU Computer Science

... 1970’s, when S Ohno [Ohno (1970)] proposed gene duplication as the primary driving force in evolution. Ohno’s theory of evolution by gene duplication became both verifiable as well as amenable to further generalizations, when large-scale sequencing and experimental efforts made available whole geno ...
No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... of an invariable gene product. rRNA and histone genes ...
GENE TECHNOLOGY - mf011
GENE TECHNOLOGY - mf011

... To work directly with specific genes, scientists prepare gene-sized pieces of DNA in identical copies, a process called DNA cloning ...
Full text - Caister Academic Press
Full text - Caister Academic Press

... DNAs with a GC content higher than the GC content of their own genome. Bacterial and archaeal genomes with high AT content are protected from attacks by most viruses. On the other hand, it is difficult for those organisms to use any plasmids. The genome sizes of obligate host-associated bacteria are ...
Control of female gamete formation by a small RNA pathway in
Control of female gamete formation by a small RNA pathway in

... ovules of Arabidopsis22. To determine whether AGO9 is necessary for the inactivation of these TEs in the ovule, we crossed lines containing enhancer traps that tagged specific TEs to homozygous ago9 individuals. In agreement with previous results, no GUS expression was observed in the ovule of enhan ...
Promoter Analysis for Intestinally
Promoter Analysis for Intestinally

... i. Lots of overlap between MotifSampler and RSAT predictions ii. RSAT finds all occurrences of a given sequence, while MotifSampler only finds some of them and ignores others ...
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Transposable element



A transposable element (TE or transposon) is a DNA sequence that can change its position within the genome, sometimes creating or reversing mutations and altering the cell's genome size. Transposition often results in duplication of the TE. Barbara McClintock's discovery of these jumping genes earned her a Nobel prize in 1983.TEs make up a large fraction of the C-value of eukaryotic cells. There are at least two classes of TEs: class I TEs generally function via reverse transcription, while class II TEs encode the protein transposase, which they require for insertion and excision, and some of these TEs also encode other proteins. It has been shown that TEs are important in genome function and evolution. In Oxytricha, which has a unique genetic system, they play a critical role in development. They are also very useful to researchers as a means to alter DNA inside a living organism.
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