Evolution at the Subgene Level: Domain Rearrangements in
... in many ways. For example, gene duplication has long been identified as a major mechanism for generating new genes and functions (Ohno 1970; Lynch and Conery 2000; Long et al. 2003), whereas gene loss plays a similarly important role in shaping genomic content (Hahn, Demuth, et al. 2007; Niimura and ...
... in many ways. For example, gene duplication has long been identified as a major mechanism for generating new genes and functions (Ohno 1970; Lynch and Conery 2000; Long et al. 2003), whereas gene loss plays a similarly important role in shaping genomic content (Hahn, Demuth, et al. 2007; Niimura and ...
Complete genome sequence of the rifamycin SV
... (Supplementary information, Table S1). In addition, the coding density of ortholog genes in this region is similar to the core, but distinct from that of the non-core (Figure 2A). Furthermore, the ortholog gene order of A. mediterranei genome analyzed against that of S. erythraea and N. farcinica by ...
... (Supplementary information, Table S1). In addition, the coding density of ortholog genes in this region is similar to the core, but distinct from that of the non-core (Figure 2A). Furthermore, the ortholog gene order of A. mediterranei genome analyzed against that of S. erythraea and N. farcinica by ...
Identifying 3D expression domains by graph clustering
... that chromatin can be divided into several principal types. This was done by analyzing the binding profiles of chromatin proteins using a 2state HMM. For every protein the target and nontarget loci are determined and identifies the most likely segmentation of ‘bound’ and ‘unbound’ loci. The typ ...
... that chromatin can be divided into several principal types. This was done by analyzing the binding profiles of chromatin proteins using a 2state HMM. For every protein the target and nontarget loci are determined and identifies the most likely segmentation of ‘bound’ and ‘unbound’ loci. The typ ...
Plant centromeres: structure and control Eric J Richards and R Kelly
... few plant centromere regions which have been at least partially physically mapped. The size of the regions encompassing the centromere-associated repeats is large. For example, the maize B centromere region is estimated to be at least 9 Mbp in size [31•]. Even Arabidopsis, with its relatively small ...
... few plant centromere regions which have been at least partially physically mapped. The size of the regions encompassing the centromere-associated repeats is large. For example, the maize B centromere region is estimated to be at least 9 Mbp in size [31•]. Even Arabidopsis, with its relatively small ...
Genetic Inversion: Relationships Among Species
... the most important events occur in sex cells (sperm or egg cells). These changes exhibit their full effect on any offspring formed from these inverted sperm or egg chromosomes. In other words, an inversion that occurs in a skin cell only affects that skin cell and its descendants, but the other tril ...
... the most important events occur in sex cells (sperm or egg cells). These changes exhibit their full effect on any offspring formed from these inverted sperm or egg chromosomes. In other words, an inversion that occurs in a skin cell only affects that skin cell and its descendants, but the other tril ...
Chromosomal breakpoint positions suggest a direct role for radiation
... hypersensitive DNA regions such as AT-rich regions, Alu repeats, repeated purine/pyrimidine tracts, and other chromosomal regions with increased lability (fragile) sites (Ehrlich et al., 1993; Stary and Sarasin, 1992; Hyrien et al., 1987). By contrast, our results indicate that in post-Chernobyl tum ...
... hypersensitive DNA regions such as AT-rich regions, Alu repeats, repeated purine/pyrimidine tracts, and other chromosomal regions with increased lability (fragile) sites (Ehrlich et al., 1993; Stary and Sarasin, 1992; Hyrien et al., 1987). By contrast, our results indicate that in post-Chernobyl tum ...
Article 1 Title: The pseudoautosomal regions of the U/V sex
... recombining region is usually not lost completely and it is thought that most species retain a PAR because homologous recombination in this region plays a critical role in chromosomal pairing and segregation during meiosis [4,5]. Moreover, there are situations where sexually antagonistic forces may ...
... recombining region is usually not lost completely and it is thought that most species retain a PAR because homologous recombination in this region plays a critical role in chromosomal pairing and segregation during meiosis [4,5]. Moreover, there are situations where sexually antagonistic forces may ...
The Rate and Tract Length of Gene Conversion between
... target marker site called “selected marker” (reversed triangles in Figure 1), and there is a trick that makes it possible to recognize if the selected marker is converted (e.g., in yeast, if a gene involved in nutrient requirement such as uracil or histidine is used, gene conversion induces prototro ...
... target marker site called “selected marker” (reversed triangles in Figure 1), and there is a trick that makes it possible to recognize if the selected marker is converted (e.g., in yeast, if a gene involved in nutrient requirement such as uracil or histidine is used, gene conversion induces prototro ...
PDF - Journal of Genomics
... acids and carbohydrates that are abundant in their phloem-based diet or produced by the host. Genomic evidence suggests that several amino acid biosynthetic pathways are shared between aphid and Buchnera, providing the aphid the ability to regulate the endosymbiont’s metabolism (16). No aphid specie ...
... acids and carbohydrates that are abundant in their phloem-based diet or produced by the host. Genomic evidence suggests that several amino acid biosynthetic pathways are shared between aphid and Buchnera, providing the aphid the ability to regulate the endosymbiont’s metabolism (16). No aphid specie ...
Genes - Gerstein Lab Publications
... A substantial fraction of G is estimated to be intronic (39%) (Table 1). Interestingly, there is no preference for sense or antisense alignment for an intronic pseudogene relative to the exons of the surrounding gene (53% are antisense). This indicates that the existence of pseudogenes in an intron ...
... A substantial fraction of G is estimated to be intronic (39%) (Table 1). Interestingly, there is no preference for sense or antisense alignment for an intronic pseudogene relative to the exons of the surrounding gene (53% are antisense). This indicates that the existence of pseudogenes in an intron ...
Structural and Functional Studies of Insertion Element IS200
... The nucleotide sequence of the insertion element 15200 has been determined partially, including the junctions between the element and the host chromosome at the insertion site, At most, two bases (A-A) are found repeated at the junctions and could be duplications of host sequences generated by the i ...
... The nucleotide sequence of the insertion element 15200 has been determined partially, including the junctions between the element and the host chromosome at the insertion site, At most, two bases (A-A) are found repeated at the junctions and could be duplications of host sequences generated by the i ...
Interactions of Mitochondrial and Nuclear Genes
... chloroplast DNA and mtDNA and to obtain recombinant mitochondrial genomes (reviewed by Hanson, 1984). Analysis of somatic hybrids between CMS and fertile protoplast parents has shown that fertility does not segregate with the chloroplast DNA. In Petunia and Brassica, lines that contain recombinant m ...
... chloroplast DNA and mtDNA and to obtain recombinant mitochondrial genomes (reviewed by Hanson, 1984). Analysis of somatic hybrids between CMS and fertile protoplast parents has shown that fertility does not segregate with the chloroplast DNA. In Petunia and Brassica, lines that contain recombinant m ...
Neutral and Non-Neutral Evolution of Duplicated Genes with Gene
... protein sequence identity [35]. In order to explain these observations, they proposed the following hypothesis. According to their hypothesis, the ribosomal duplicates have subfunctionalized at the expression level due to mutations in the regulatory non-coding regions. Nevertheless, there is still v ...
... protein sequence identity [35]. In order to explain these observations, they proposed the following hypothesis. According to their hypothesis, the ribosomal duplicates have subfunctionalized at the expression level due to mutations in the regulatory non-coding regions. Nevertheless, there is still v ...
BMC Genomics 10
... efficient genotyping, SNPs have therefore become the markers of choice for genetic mapping. This makes SNP maps highly suitable for association studies, fine mapping of QTLs as well as haplotype determination. Moreover, to identify the genes underlying monogenic and quantitative traits, it is an adv ...
... efficient genotyping, SNPs have therefore become the markers of choice for genetic mapping. This makes SNP maps highly suitable for association studies, fine mapping of QTLs as well as haplotype determination. Moreover, to identify the genes underlying monogenic and quantitative traits, it is an adv ...
Agilent Whole Human Genome Oligo Microarray Kit
... than one consensus region will be selected for a given GeneBin. Figure A demonstrates the selection of consensus regions and probes to represent transcripts within a GeneBin. The transcripts (shown at the top of the diagram in green) are used to determine the location of consensus regions (shown in ...
... than one consensus region will be selected for a given GeneBin. Figure A demonstrates the selection of consensus regions and probes to represent transcripts within a GeneBin. The transcripts (shown at the top of the diagram in green) are used to determine the location of consensus regions (shown in ...
Current Microbiology
... hoxE. The hoxF gene product carries the four characteristic binding sites for the [2Fe-2S]-cluster just mentioned, for NAD1 and FMN and for a [4Fe-4S]-cluster as in A. variabilis [26] and Synechocystis [12]. Transcription is probably terminated downstream of hoxF because of the presence of ORF1 enco ...
... hoxE. The hoxF gene product carries the four characteristic binding sites for the [2Fe-2S]-cluster just mentioned, for NAD1 and FMN and for a [4Fe-4S]-cluster as in A. variabilis [26] and Synechocystis [12]. Transcription is probably terminated downstream of hoxF because of the presence of ORF1 enco ...
XSL Formatter - H:\XML
... Querying by STSs To refine our search, we will enter the names of two STSs. In the text box, enter “sWXD113 OR DXS52" on chromosome X. Select Find. We can see that these two STSs map to the distal region of the long arm of the X chromosome, Xq, by the red tick marks that appear alongside the schemat ...
... Querying by STSs To refine our search, we will enter the names of two STSs. In the text box, enter “sWXD113 OR DXS52" on chromosome X. Select Find. We can see that these two STSs map to the distal region of the long arm of the X chromosome, Xq, by the red tick marks that appear alongside the schemat ...
Tissue-specific codon usage and the expression of
... patterns from only two studies, we limited ourselves to fewer data than are available in large compilations of many expression studies. On the other hand, the expression data we have used are comparable (both studies used the GeneChip HuGeneFL microarray), and they provide a consistent, unbiased met ...
... patterns from only two studies, we limited ourselves to fewer data than are available in large compilations of many expression studies. On the other hand, the expression data we have used are comparable (both studies used the GeneChip HuGeneFL microarray), and they provide a consistent, unbiased met ...
How Genes and Genomes Evolve
... – The1° transcript is short-lived; it is processed into smaller, functional RNAs – Processing requires variety of small RNAs (90 – 300 nucleotides long) & their associated proteins ...
... – The1° transcript is short-lived; it is processed into smaller, functional RNAs – Processing requires variety of small RNAs (90 – 300 nucleotides long) & their associated proteins ...
For Official Use ENV/JM/BIO(2006)6/REV3 Working
... Natural transformation is generally understood as the uptake of free DNA by competent bacteria (Lorenz and Wackernagel, 1994; Dubnau, 1999, Chen and Dubnau, 2004). Natural competence is a genetically programmed physiological state permitting the efficient uptake of macromolecular DNA. Natural transf ...
... Natural transformation is generally understood as the uptake of free DNA by competent bacteria (Lorenz and Wackernagel, 1994; Dubnau, 1999, Chen and Dubnau, 2004). Natural competence is a genetically programmed physiological state permitting the efficient uptake of macromolecular DNA. Natural transf ...
Role for CCG-trinucleotide repeats in the pathogenesis of chronic
... fragile site are indicated by bold type. The various genes and D11S markers in the region are also indicated at the top of the figure, from centromeric to telomeric and from left to right. Below this the location of various YACs and PACs and their relative sizes are indicated by gray boxes together ...
... fragile site are indicated by bold type. The various genes and D11S markers in the region are also indicated at the top of the figure, from centromeric to telomeric and from left to right. Below this the location of various YACs and PACs and their relative sizes are indicated by gray boxes together ...
SNPs and Haplotypes
... ("snip") is a single base mutation in DNA. • SNPs are ‘conserved’ across the genome, often in patterns called ‘haplotype blocks’ • SNPs are the most simple form and most common source of genetic polymorphism in the human genome (90% of all human DNA polymorphisms are associated with SNPs). ...
... ("snip") is a single base mutation in DNA. • SNPs are ‘conserved’ across the genome, often in patterns called ‘haplotype blocks’ • SNPs are the most simple form and most common source of genetic polymorphism in the human genome (90% of all human DNA polymorphisms are associated with SNPs). ...
Genome Rearrangements Caused by Depletion of Essential DNA
... developed elaborate mechanisms to prevent errors in replication and to respond to spontaneous DNA damage that can lead to genomic instability (Kolodner et al. 2002; Branzei and Foiani 2007, 2009, 2010; Harper and Elledge 2007; Cimprich and Cortez 2008). The failure to repair the genome in an error-f ...
... developed elaborate mechanisms to prevent errors in replication and to respond to spontaneous DNA damage that can lead to genomic instability (Kolodner et al. 2002; Branzei and Foiani 2007, 2009, 2010; Harper and Elledge 2007; Cimprich and Cortez 2008). The failure to repair the genome in an error-f ...
Messenger RNA reprogramming by spliceosome-mediated
... Complex genes and gene products The sequencing and preliminary annotation of the human genome has provided us with evidence for a preponderance of complex genes and gene products. Transcription of the average human protein-coding gene produces a primary transcript (or pre-mRNA) that spans 27,000–28, ...
... Complex genes and gene products The sequencing and preliminary annotation of the human genome has provided us with evidence for a preponderance of complex genes and gene products. Transcription of the average human protein-coding gene produces a primary transcript (or pre-mRNA) that spans 27,000–28, ...
Transposable element
A transposable element (TE or transposon) is a DNA sequence that can change its position within the genome, sometimes creating or reversing mutations and altering the cell's genome size. Transposition often results in duplication of the TE. Barbara McClintock's discovery of these jumping genes earned her a Nobel prize in 1983.TEs make up a large fraction of the C-value of eukaryotic cells. There are at least two classes of TEs: class I TEs generally function via reverse transcription, while class II TEs encode the protein transposase, which they require for insertion and excision, and some of these TEs also encode other proteins. It has been shown that TEs are important in genome function and evolution. In Oxytricha, which has a unique genetic system, they play a critical role in development. They are also very useful to researchers as a means to alter DNA inside a living organism.