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Biology Chapter 11-1
Biology Chapter 11-1

... Genetic engineering- a form of manipulation that allows biologists to engineer a set of genetic changes directly into an organism DNA Restriction enzymes- places where genes can be cut a DNA sequences Plasmids – are small circular DNA molecules in bacteria Recombinant DNA- combined DNA from two sour ...
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... d. repelled by hydrophobic molecules at the other end of the gel. _____ 3. The accuracy of DNA fingerprinting can be increased by comparing a. segments of DNA that tend to vary the least from person to person. b. noncoding segments from several loci. c. DNA from identical twins. d. repeat patterns a ...
Name: page1 of 7 pages MOLECULAR BIOLOGY BIO372S January
Name: page1 of 7 pages MOLECULAR BIOLOGY BIO372S January

... 11. Which of the following isotopes would be the most appropriate for the end-labeling of a DNA strand with a radioactive phosphate via polynucleotide kinase? A. α-32P B. 35S C. β -32P D. γ -32P E. 14C ...
Module 4 PowerPoint Slides - The Cancer 101 Curriculum
Module 4 PowerPoint Slides - The Cancer 101 Curriculum

... Most disease begin in our genes. If DNA repair fails in a cell, mutations can be passed on to future copies. Gene mutations can have a latent effect, or even a positive effect. The ability to identify a gene mutation is possible through genetic testing. ...
20.1 Structural Genomics Determines the DNA Sequences of Entire
20.1 Structural Genomics Determines the DNA Sequences of Entire

... a. Orthologs are homologous sequences; paralogs are analogous sequences. b. Orthologs are more similar than paralogs. c. Orthologs are in the same organism; paralogs are in different organisms. d. Orthologs are in different organisms; paralogs are in the same organism. ...
Unit 2 Terms
Unit 2 Terms

Name - Lyndhurst School District
Name - Lyndhurst School District

...  Each unit of DNA called a nucleotide of DNA consists of 3 parts.  Phosphate backbone  A sugar (deoxyribose)  A nitrogen base attached to the sugar  There are four different types of nucleotides found in DNA  A is for adenine  G is for guanine  C is for cytosine  T is for thymine  A goes w ...
DNA Manipulation
DNA Manipulation

... - Is it ethical to change the genes of an organism? - What would happen if these genes got into the “wrong” organisms? - Could making these foods decrease biodiversity? ...
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No Slide Title

... to the high gene copy number, up to 100 000 compared with single-copy nuclear genes. And there does not seem to be gene-silencing and other instability that plague nuclear transformation. The gene product is retained inside the chloroplasts or can in principle be targeted to a specific compartment i ...
Biotechnology Cloning of a Gene Cloning a human gene
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... a specific sequence, leaving “sticky” ends, that allow a portion of source DNA to be inserted into the vector DNA. • Bacterial cells take up recombinant plasmids and clone the new DNA ...
6CDE Transcription and Translation
6CDE Transcription and Translation

... helix unzips itself, and the antisense strand of the DNA is transcribed into mRNA. 2. Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from RNA. The mRNA from transcription carries genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosome for protein synthesis. RNA catalyzes translation and reads the ...
Analysis of Differential Gene Expression in a Myotonic Dystrophy
Analysis of Differential Gene Expression in a Myotonic Dystrophy

... log10 (FPKM + 1) of genes at each dosage that are associated the p53 network. FPKM: fragments per kilobase of exon model per million mapped fragments ...
PCR - share1
PCR - share1

... of …protein known as a "transport protein." The gene that controls increased production of the transport protein was taken from Arabidopsis, a relative of the cabbage …. The transport protein uses energy available in the cells to move salt – in the form of sodium ions -- into compartments within the ...
DNA Biology - De Anza College
DNA Biology - De Anza College

... • Codon = triplet of nucleotides (64 different combinations) • Why three? 20 amino acids are possible • Transfer RNA (tRNA) is translator – One end has anticodon(complementary to ...
Practice Question for Replication, Genetics and Biotechnology
Practice Question for Replication, Genetics and Biotechnology

... 30. People who have one copy of an allele for a recessive disorder, but do not exhibit symptoms are called _________ 31. Is blood type an example of multigenic, multiallelic, codominant and or incomplete dominance. ...
Bioinformatics Tools
Bioinformatics Tools

... transcribed into messenger RNA. • Transcriptome can be extended to include all transcribed elements, including non-coding RNAs used for structural and regulatory purposes. ...
Speciation
Speciation

... become separated for them to become different species. ...
AP BIO Unit 6 Review Ch. 14,15,16,18,19 Westbrook Gene
AP BIO Unit 6 Review Ch. 14,15,16,18,19 Westbrook Gene

... A _______ occurs when a DNA gene is damaged or changed in such a way as to alter the genetic message carried by that gene. What kind of mutation results in a single base pair replacement? If a mutation occurs in these types of cells it will be passed on to the next generation. What is it called when ...
Biology memory tricks
Biology memory tricks

... Autosomal recessive inheritance (Tay-Sachs and PKU), Co-dominant inheritance (Sickle-cell Disease), Autosomal dominant inheritance (progeria and huntington’s), Incomplete dominant inheritance (FH), x-linked recessive inheritance (color-blindness, muscular dystrophy, and hemophilia) Pedigree diagram ...
The Origins of Variation
The Origins of Variation

... neofunctionalization - multigene families e.g., globin gene family addition or deletion of repeats humans have >1,750 duplicated genes compared with chimps ...
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... The nucleus of an atom is composed of two subatomic particles, ______________ and ______________. The ___________________ of atoms determine how atoms will react with each other. When an electron is transferred from one atom to the next, and the two atoms are then electrically attracted to one anoth ...
Mark scheme - biologypost
Mark scheme - biologypost

... Same (restriction) enzyme also cuts DNA; into which gene is inserted/plasmid/virus/Agrobacterium; (DNA) ligase; Joins two pieces of DNA together/forms recombinant DNA; Vector needed to insert DNA into host/plasmid enters host/second ...
ppt
ppt

... Based upon these results, the map distance between the s and rb genes is estimated to be: • A. 31.3 map units • B. 38 map units • C. 30.7 map units • D. greater than 50 units because all four classes of offspring were observed ...
Cloning - Cloudfront.net
Cloning - Cloudfront.net

... another species have been developed for agricultural use (examples include beef and dairy cattle, hogs, sheep and several species of commercially raised fishes) – modified DNA can be introduced into diary cows so that they produce human proteins – protein is produced in the milk – examples of medica ...
Cloning - cloudfront.net
Cloning - cloudfront.net

... another species have been developed for agricultural use (examples include beef and dairy cattle, hogs, sheep and several species of commercially raised fishes) – modified DNA can be introduced into diary cows so that they produce human proteins – protein is produced in the milk – examples of medica ...
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Genome editing

Genome editing, or genome editing with engineered nucleases (GEEN) is a type of genetic engineering in which DNA is inserted, replaced, or removed from a genome using artificially engineered nucleases, or ""molecular scissors."" The nucleases create specific double-stranded break (DSBs) at desired locations in the genome, and harness the cell’s endogenous mechanisms to repair the induced break by natural processes of homologous recombination (HR) and nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ). There are currently four families of engineered nucleases being used: Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs), the CRISPR/Cas system, and engineered meganuclease re-engineered homing endonucleases.It is commonly practiced in genetic analysis that in order to understand the function of a gene or a protein function one interferes with it in a sequence-specific way and monitors its effects on the organism. However, in some organisms it is difficult or impossible to perform site-specific mutagenesis, and therefore more indirect methods have to be used, such as silencing the gene of interest by short RNA interference (siRNA) . Yet gene disruption by siRNA can be variable and incomplete. Genome editing with nucleases such as ZFN is different from siRNA in that the engineered nuclease is able to modify DNA-binding specificity and therefore can in principle cut any targeted position in the genome, and introduce modification of the endogenous sequences for genes that are impossible to specifically target by conventional RNAi. Furthermore, the specificity of ZFNs and TALENs are enhanced as two ZFNs are required in the recognition of their portion of the target and subsequently direct to the neighboring sequences.It was chosen by Nature Methods as the 2011 Method of the Year.
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