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Introduction and Preliminaries - Department of Computer and
Introduction and Preliminaries - Department of Computer and

...  Each cell contains 46 chromosomes 22 pairs common to both males and females 2 sex chromosome X and Y in males and two Xs in female ...
The Drosophila Gene Disruption Project: Progress
The Drosophila Gene Disruption Project: Progress

... ABSTRACT The Drosophila Gene Disruption Project (GDP) has created a public collection of mutant strains containing single transposon insertions associated with different genes. These strains often disrupt gene function directly, allow production of new alleles, and have many other applications for a ...
20Sexual Reproduction, Meiosis, and Genetic Recombination
20Sexual Reproduction, Meiosis, and Genetic Recombination

... do arise, it is clearly advantageous to preserve them in the population. It can be even more beneficial to bring mutations together in various combinations—and therein lies an advantage of sexual reproduction. Although mutations occur in both sexual and asexual species, only sexual reproduction can ...
The Human Genome Project – Part 2
The Human Genome Project – Part 2

... • Based on recombination frequencies ▫ The further away two points are on a chromosome, the more recombination there is between them ...
Determination of obesity associated gene variants related
Determination of obesity associated gene variants related

... all tissues. The expression of TMEM18 in the brain of humans and mice (Almen et al., 2010), particularly in the hypothalamus, has pointed to a function in regulation of homeostasis. Moreover, correlation between prefrontal cortex genetic expression of TMEM18 with body weight in rats has suggested a ...
From Molecular Systems to Simple Cells: a - TBI
From Molecular Systems to Simple Cells: a - TBI

... of what their genes are, then you could say that organisms are representing their genes, but they’re not.” (Brockman, 1995). Interactions among gene products result in emergent characteristics which are only possible when all the elements are present and the control mechanisms are acting on them. Th ...
A rough guide to Drosophila mating schemes (version 1.2) 1
A rough guide to Drosophila mating schemes (version 1.2) 1

A recurrent deletion syndrome at chromosome bands 2p11
A recurrent deletion syndrome at chromosome bands 2p11

... European Journal of Human Genetics (2015) 23, 543–546; doi:10.1038/ejhg.2014.124; published online 2 July 2014 ...
Microbial Genetics - MyCourses
Microbial Genetics - MyCourses

... Translation • mRNA is translated into the "language" of proteins • Codons are groups of three mRNA nucleotides that code for a particular amino acid • 61 sense codons encode the 20 amino acids • The genetic code involves degeneracy, meaning each amino acid is coded by several codons ...
Etude Annotation
Etude Annotation

... submitted  another  140ish  genomes  to  GenBank,  and  therefore  there  is  a  lot  more  data   available  at  the  time  of  this  revision  than  there  was  last  year.  I’ve  taken  the  new  data  into   account  and  made ...
The plant genome`s methylation status and response to stress
The plant genome`s methylation status and response to stress

... Differences in DNA methylation within a single genotype can also contribute to heritable trait differences that can be selected. In maize, alleles of B1 and the pericarp color gene P1, another transcriptional regulator of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway, can have identical sequences but different ...
PPR2263, a DYW-Subgroup Pentatricopeptide
PPR2263, a DYW-Subgroup Pentatricopeptide

... mitochondria and nuclei (Hammani et al., 2011) has been demonstrated experimentally. Whereas PPR proteins have been implicated in a wide range of biological processes, including photosynthesis, pollen development, and embryogenesis, there seems to be a common underlying molecular function in the for ...
Query Results
Query Results

... The core of the server is a MySQL database of virtual genomic SAGE tags with confidence assignments The module I is linked to NCBI BLAST server and to the Saccharomyces Genome Database (SGD) and does not require any input from the user. The modules II and III requires experimental tag sequences and ...
The Arabidopsis RAD51 paralogs RAD51B, RAD51D and XRCC2
The Arabidopsis RAD51 paralogs RAD51B, RAD51D and XRCC2

... eukaryotes, including fungi, invertebrate animals and plants (Bishop et al., 1992; Habu et al., 1996; Klimyuk & Jones, 1997; Couteau et al., 1999). In Arabidopsis thaliana, they function in DNA repair via HR in somatic or meiotic cells (Couteau et al., 1999; Bleuyard & White, 2004; Li et al., 2004, ...
General remarks: A biodesign is a man made, mostly computer
General remarks: A biodesign is a man made, mostly computer

... customer’s requirements for the biological or other like technical functionality of the DNAs or its gene products of interest. The results for this assessment of the best mode for the biodesign of gene variants are presented to the customer in a detailed report and discussed before starting the real ...
Visualization, description and analysis of the Drosophila melanogaster
Visualization, description and analysis of the Drosophila melanogaster

... Formally, evolution occurs if two conditions are met: (i) variation in phenotypic traits within a population, and (ii) inheritance of this variation, in other words, variation must be heritable at least partially among generations (Lewontin 1970; Endler 1986). DNA is the molecule that carries the ge ...
A pseudogene cluster in the leader region of the Euglena
A pseudogene cluster in the leader region of the Euglena

... containing both the 16S and 23S rRNA genes was observed in spinach (27,28) and Chlamidomonas (29) chloroplasts. A large rRNA of similar size has been observed also 1n the Euglena chloroplast (30). Although, at present, there 1s no experimental evidence for transcription of the 16S-23S rRNA spacer re ...
For Official Use ENV/JM/BIO(2006)6/REV3 Working
For Official Use ENV/JM/BIO(2006)6/REV3 Working

... 1999). The uptake of DNA can be followed by integration into the bacterial genome by homologous recombination, homology-facilitated illegitimate recombination (de Vries and Wackernagel, 2002), or by forming an autonomously replicating element. The absence of homologous sequences or origins of replic ...
Foundations in Microbiology
Foundations in Microbiology

Isolation of insertion elements from Gram
Isolation of insertion elements from Gram

... only occurred in B. lactofermentum. Prolonged staining of the filters indicated weak homology between IS-Cg and IS-B& whereas no cross-reaction of the IS-Rf probe to IS-Cg nor IS-B1 DNAs occurred. The occurrence of identical IS elements in different strains refers to a close relationship of these ba ...
Physiologia Plantarum
Physiologia Plantarum

... It is used not only as a staple food, but it also an important industrial raw material for animal feed and alcohol production. Sweet potato is rich in secondary metabolites, especially antioxidant compounds including anthocyanins, carotenoids and vitamin C (Teow et al. 2007, Yoshinaga et al. 1999). ...
XSL Formatter - H:\XML
XSL Formatter - H:\XML

... tutorials or for adding new ones. ...
PPTX - Tandy Warnow
PPTX - Tandy Warnow

A large scale analysis of resistance gene
A large scale analysis of resistance gene

Molecular pathogenesis of feline leukemia virus
Molecular pathogenesis of feline leukemia virus

... established early. A lot of different insertions can be amplified within the same reaction, however, the products of the inverse PCR are limited because the size of fragments should be short enough to be efficiently amplified but long enough to efficiently circularize. Although dilution of the templ ...
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Genome editing

Genome editing, or genome editing with engineered nucleases (GEEN) is a type of genetic engineering in which DNA is inserted, replaced, or removed from a genome using artificially engineered nucleases, or ""molecular scissors."" The nucleases create specific double-stranded break (DSBs) at desired locations in the genome, and harness the cell’s endogenous mechanisms to repair the induced break by natural processes of homologous recombination (HR) and nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ). There are currently four families of engineered nucleases being used: Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs), the CRISPR/Cas system, and engineered meganuclease re-engineered homing endonucleases.It is commonly practiced in genetic analysis that in order to understand the function of a gene or a protein function one interferes with it in a sequence-specific way and monitors its effects on the organism. However, in some organisms it is difficult or impossible to perform site-specific mutagenesis, and therefore more indirect methods have to be used, such as silencing the gene of interest by short RNA interference (siRNA) . Yet gene disruption by siRNA can be variable and incomplete. Genome editing with nucleases such as ZFN is different from siRNA in that the engineered nuclease is able to modify DNA-binding specificity and therefore can in principle cut any targeted position in the genome, and introduce modification of the endogenous sequences for genes that are impossible to specifically target by conventional RNAi. Furthermore, the specificity of ZFNs and TALENs are enhanced as two ZFNs are required in the recognition of their portion of the target and subsequently direct to the neighboring sequences.It was chosen by Nature Methods as the 2011 Method of the Year.
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