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GENETICS accepted
GENETICS accepted

... incubating for 10 minutes at 70°C and slow cooling to room temperature. dsRNA was injected at a total RNA concentration of 20ng/µl into one day old adult worms which were transferred every 24 hours for 3 days to new plates. The presence of male progeny was assessed 3-5 days later. A subset of F1 pro ...
Functions of DNA methylation: islands, start sites, gene bodies and
Functions of DNA methylation: islands, start sites, gene bodies and

... dinucleotides could serve as an epigenetic mark in vertebrates1,2. These papers proposed that sequences could be methylated de novo, that methylation can be inherited through somatic cell divisions by a mechanism involving an enzyme that recognizes hemimethylated CpG palindromes, that the presence o ...
Discovering the Distribution of Palindromic Sequences in the
Discovering the Distribution of Palindromic Sequences in the

... The appropriate .fasta files from GenBank were downloaded: Homo sapiens Chromosome 18, GRCh37.p5 Primary Assembly (region: 48,556,583 to 48,611,412) and Homo sapiens SMAD family member 4 (SMAD4)12 ( accession number NM_005359). The large deletion mutations on the SMAD4 database were converted into a ...
Selecting an Ontology for Biomedical Text Mining He Tan, Patrick Lambrix Abstract
Selecting an Ontology for Biomedical Text Mining He Tan, Patrick Lambrix Abstract

... access to text, natural language processing, and information integration. Developers of text mining applications often look for appropriate ontologies that can be integrated into their systems, rather than develop new ontologies from scratch. The choice of ontology may, however, have a major impact ...
Competing Interests - Saudi Medical Journal
Competing Interests - Saudi Medical Journal

... numerator was only one successful HSCT known to have been achieved at the time of reporting. A smaller single centre experience in California included eight families affected with thalassemia: six cases of β-thalassemia major and two cases of transfusion-dependent HbE β-thalassemia 26. A total of 14 ...
Biotechnology
Biotechnology

... Herbert Boyer and a recombinant bacterium ...
Cancer Prone Disease Section Retinoblastoma Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
Cancer Prone Disease Section Retinoblastoma Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics

... Note: Mutations predisposing to retinoblastoma are one allele mutations; in retinoblastoma, both copies of the RB1 gene are mutated (two-step inactivation mechanism typical of tumor suppressor genes). Nature and localization of individual mutations are heterogeneous regarding their nature: 20% delet ...
Universal chloroplast integration and expression vectors
Universal chloroplast integration and expression vectors

Generation and analysis of mutated clonal scFv Jiya George
Generation and analysis of mutated clonal scFv Jiya George

... used during in vitro studies for the detection and neutralization of the R7V antigen by enzyme linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA). The scFv fragments produced against the R7V epitope showed interaction, however the antibody-antigen affinity was too weak for the virus neutralization assay. Hence, th ...
Telomere Shortening and Tumor Formation by Mouse Cells Lacking
Telomere Shortening and Tumor Formation by Mouse Cells Lacking

... telomerase RNA component (mTR) is required for telomerase activity • telomerase activity is not necessary for embryonic development or fertility • the absence of telomerase has no influence on the growth rates of cultures • Without telomerase, the telomere length decreases from generation to generat ...
2- pcr primer design and reaction optimisation
2- pcr primer design and reaction optimisation

... enzyme can cut the product (the New England Biolabs catalogue gives a good list of which enzymes require how long a flanking sequence in order to cut stub ends). Degeneracies obviously reduce the specificity of the primer(s), meaning mismatch opportunities are greater, and background noise increases ...
SNP discovery
SNP discovery

... discovery of SNPs common and specific to a species or between sub-species. The discovery and comparison of these SNPs improves the understanding of genes and markers responsible for a trait or phenotypic manifestation. These markers can then be used as proxies for Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) ...
Recombinant DNA technology and molecular cloning
Recombinant DNA technology and molecular cloning

... recognized, from minimal to high, for which four levels of containment (physical and biological barriers to the escape of dangerous organisms) are outlined. The highest risk level is for experiments dealing with highly infectious agents and toxins that are likely to cause serious or lethal human dis ...
Microbiology
Microbiology

... Construction of E. coli strain KW1. Two successive phage P1 transductions (Miller, 1972) were used to convert E. coli strain S0200 to an hsdK genotype. First, strain S0200 was infected with.a P1 lysate of E. coli strain TPC48 and colonies that grew on LB/tet plates at 32 "C were checked for temperat ...
Journal of Bacteriology
Journal of Bacteriology

... added L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the pmx gene cluster is responsible for polymyxin biosynthesis. Since polymyxin was first isolated from Bacillus polymyxa in 1947 (1, 4, 47), at least 15 unique polymyxins have been reported (31, 49). Because of its excel ...
Origin and Distribution of Calvin Cycle Fructose and
Origin and Distribution of Calvin Cycle Fructose and

... genomes of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Volvox carteri contain only the plastid-targeted FBP gene (see below), indicating a secondary loss of the cytosolic isoform. This conclusion is compatible with previous biochemical and molecular studies that have shown that cytosolic glycolysis/gluconeogenesi ...
A Transient Expression Assay Using Arabidopsis Mesophyll
A Transient Expression Assay Using Arabidopsis Mesophyll

... put it into to a vacuum desiccator. Continue the digestion for about 3 h without shaking in the dark (digestion time is depending on the experimental goals and desirable responses). This step needs to be tested empirically for your own assay. The usual prolonged incubation of leaves for 16-18 h in t ...
All-codon scanning identifies p53 cancer rescue
All-codon scanning identifies p53 cancer rescue

... is a fast, simple and versatile method, which is useful for protein structure–function analyses and protein design or evolution problems. INTRODUCTION A simple and efficient approach that scans across a defined gene region and systematically produces all ...
Category 2000
Category 2000

... interesting candidate gene for meat quality, which is one of the most important criteria in pig selection today. PPARGC1A however, does not have the same function in every tissue and there is still much unknown about its regulation. Therefore a detailed transcription profile of PPARGC1A in 34 tissue ...
Genetic Polymorphism of Human CYP2E1
Genetic Polymorphism of Human CYP2E1

... was detected by Northern blot, and the CYP2E1 apoprotein levels were quantified by Western blot. The CYP2E1-dependent catalytic activities were determined by measuring NADPHdependent hydroxylation of chlorzoxazone in 10,000 3 g supernatants of the transfected cells. All constructs except the pCMV4 v ...
Comparative analysis of the Geobacillus hemicellulose utilization locus reveals a highly
Comparative analysis of the Geobacillus hemicellulose utilization locus reveals a highly

... thermophilic microorganisms for the hemicellulytic hydrolysis of plant biomass, as they display a number of advantages over mesophilic microorganisms [8,11]. The rate of biomass conversion is enhanced at higher growth temperatures. Furthermore, as high temperatures are required for the pre-treatment ...
pdf
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... removal of up to 60 Tg of nitrogen annually, roughly an eighth of the global fixed nitrogen sink. Although denitrification has long been believed to be the major process responsible for fixed nitrogen loss from the oceans, recent studies show that anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is potentiall ...
A-level Biology Previous essay titles and mark schemes
A-level Biology Previous essay titles and mark schemes

... 3. Nutrient cycles, the organisms involved 3. Succession, biodiversity, species and individuals in a community 4. Human impacts on the environment and its effect on relationships between organisms – including farming 4. Gene technology and GMO and ...
Introduction - Stellenbosch University
Introduction - Stellenbosch University

... 8. thickEnd - The ending position at which the feature is drawn thickly (for example the stop ...
Analysis of clones carrying repeated DNA sequences in two YAC
Analysis of clones carrying repeated DNA sequences in two YAC

... proportion of EG YAC clones were classified as containing chimaeric inserts because individual clones carried unique sequences and repetitive sequences originating from different locations in the genome. None of the EW YAC clones analysed were chimaeric in this way. YAC clones carrying tandemly repe ...
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Genome editing

Genome editing, or genome editing with engineered nucleases (GEEN) is a type of genetic engineering in which DNA is inserted, replaced, or removed from a genome using artificially engineered nucleases, or ""molecular scissors."" The nucleases create specific double-stranded break (DSBs) at desired locations in the genome, and harness the cell’s endogenous mechanisms to repair the induced break by natural processes of homologous recombination (HR) and nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ). There are currently four families of engineered nucleases being used: Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs), the CRISPR/Cas system, and engineered meganuclease re-engineered homing endonucleases.It is commonly practiced in genetic analysis that in order to understand the function of a gene or a protein function one interferes with it in a sequence-specific way and monitors its effects on the organism. However, in some organisms it is difficult or impossible to perform site-specific mutagenesis, and therefore more indirect methods have to be used, such as silencing the gene of interest by short RNA interference (siRNA) . Yet gene disruption by siRNA can be variable and incomplete. Genome editing with nucleases such as ZFN is different from siRNA in that the engineered nuclease is able to modify DNA-binding specificity and therefore can in principle cut any targeted position in the genome, and introduce modification of the endogenous sequences for genes that are impossible to specifically target by conventional RNAi. Furthermore, the specificity of ZFNs and TALENs are enhanced as two ZFNs are required in the recognition of their portion of the target and subsequently direct to the neighboring sequences.It was chosen by Nature Methods as the 2011 Method of the Year.
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