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alpha-amylase from bacillus licheniformis
alpha-amylase from bacillus licheniformis

... manufactured by pure culture fermentation of the nonpathogenic and nontoxigenic Bacillus licheniformis production strain. The enzyme is subsequently purified, concentrated, and formulated with appropriate substances. The formulated α-amylase is referred to below as the α-amylase preparation. The α-a ...
Kein Folientitel
Kein Folientitel

...  cannot be lost, copied, stolen, etc.  need not to be kept, remembered, etc.  are naturally fixed to the user ...
lntraclonal mating in Trypanosoma brucei is
lntraclonal mating in Trypanosoma brucei is

... DNA of trypanosomes, has shown that one DNA component (maxicircles) is inherited uniparentally, while the other (minicircles) is inherited from both parents (Gibson & Garside, 1990). The generation of hybrid kDNA networks implies that both cellular and mitochondrial fusion occur during genetic excha ...
Package ‘GenomicFeatures’ October 14, 2014
Package ‘GenomicFeatures’ October 14, 2014

... A DNAStringSet object containing one upstream sequence per gene (or per transcript if genes is a GenomicRanges object containing transcript ranges). More precisely, if genes is a GenomicRanges object, the returned object is parallel to it, that is, the i-th element in the returned object is the upst ...
Full text in pdf - International Microbiology
Full text in pdf - International Microbiology

... Klebsiella in plants Klebsiella species are found naturally associated with plants but do not cause disease. Strains of K. planticola and K. pneumoniae have been isolated from rice [30] and other plants [1,21]. The association of nitrogen-fixing bacteria with plants is ubiquitous in nature. The prac ...
Genetic mapping of mutations using phenotypic pools and
Genetic mapping of mutations using phenotypic pools and

... chance, only the mutant allele occurs witiin the mutant pool at any unlinked locus. Michelmore et al.(1) calculated the probability of falsely detecting polymorphism as a function of the number of individuals in a pool. The probability of false polymorphism decreases as pool size increases. However, ...
Modulation of synaptic transmission: zinc enters the scene, at last
Modulation of synaptic transmission: zinc enters the scene, at last

... glycine sensitivity, expression level and synaptic targeting. They further compared inhibitory transmission in wild-type (wt) and KI animals by recording in brain stem slices spontaneous IPSCs from hypoglossal motoneurons. The striking observation was that at P14-P16, when 1 GlyR subunit dominates, ...
Structure, expression and chromosomal location of the Oct
Structure, expression and chromosomal location of the Oct

... family show distinct expression patterns during embryonic development (He et al., 1989; Sch61er et al., 1989a). Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 ( O c t - 4 ) is a recently described POU transcription factor that is expressed early in the preimplantation embryo, and thus may regulate initial e ...
i. Genetics
i. Genetics

Sickle Cell Anemia - University of Washington Department of
Sickle Cell Anemia - University of Washington Department of

... Sickle Cell Anemia and Malaria In the United States, about 1 in 500 African-Americans develops sickle cell anemia. In Africa, about 1 in 100 individuals develops the disease. Why is the frequency of a potentially fatal disease so much higher in Africa? The answer is related to another potentially f ...
Molecular Characterization of a Powdery Mildew Resistance Gene
Molecular Characterization of a Powdery Mildew Resistance Gene

B-Bolivia, an Allele of the Maize b1 Gene with Variable Expression
B-Bolivia, an Allele of the Maize b1 Gene with Variable Expression

... stocks produced no pigmented kernels. Monitoring plant pigmentation demonstrated that B-Bolivia is transmitted through both the male and female gametes. Colorless seeds from the reciprocal crosses produced as darkly pigmented plants as colored seeds with no consistent differences in plant pigmentati ...
Alu repeat analysis in the complete human genome: trends and
Alu repeat analysis in the complete human genome: trends and

... Alu repeats, which are one of the most abundant and biologically important repeat elements in human. The analysis reveals many interesting features of these repeats which are as follows. Alu repeats have a copy number of over one million in the human genome, which is much higher than previous estima ...
Frequent, independent transfers of a catabolic gene from bacteria to
Frequent, independent transfers of a catabolic gene from bacteria to

... We found as many as 65 acdS homologues in eukaryotes—four in stramenopiles (all oomycetes) and 61 in fungi—after analysis of 149 sequenced genomes based on the AcdS protein sequence of the proteobacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens F113. Significant sequence identity (at least 38% amino acid identity) ...
Fulltext PDF - Indian Academy of Sciences
Fulltext PDF - Indian Academy of Sciences

... Origin and roles of DNA methylation patterns mutations and various types of extended addition–deletion mutations). Sites of cytosine methylations are themselves hotspots for occurrence of mutations. The cytosine methylation and histone modification marks amplify the genetic variation manifold epigen ...
Construction and Analysis of 2 Reciprocal Arabidopsis Introgression
Construction and Analysis of 2 Reciprocal Arabidopsis Introgression

... running buffer at 1500 V, 40 mA, and 40 W. Plant Materials and SubIL Development Col-0 was initially obtained from G. Rédei (University of Missouri-Columbia, USA) and C24 from J. P. Hernalsteens (Vrije Universiteit Brussels). As a base population for IL development, we developed 2 sets of reciproca ...
Genetic and Molecular Diagnostics – Next Generation Sequencing
Genetic and Molecular Diagnostics – Next Generation Sequencing

... procedures. Providers are encouraged to inform members in advance when they may be financially responsible for the cost of non-covered or excluded services. ...
Development of Co-Dominant Amplified Polymorphic Sequence
Development of Co-Dominant Amplified Polymorphic Sequence

... Resistance to M. grisea isolate PO6-6 in RIL29 is located on chromosome 11. Both Pi1 and Pi7(t) initially were mapped using a chromosome marker set derived from the mapping population developed at Cornell in the late 1980s and early 1990s (17). However, all markers used in this report are derived fr ...
microbial genetics
microbial genetics

... There are other properties that are characteristic of a plasmid like sex factor, that promote bacterial conjugation. Phages, which are included in the category of episomes, are often excluded from the categories of plasmids. However, some phages like lambda (λ) share a few properties of plasmids and ...
The evolution of meiotic sex and its alternatives
The evolution of meiotic sex and its alternatives

... consequence of strong oxidative damage [8]. In many extant organisms, DSBs, introduced by the meiosis-specific spo11 protein, appear to be done regularly [25]. DSB formation is under control of numerous enzymes acting in complex feedback loops, and appears clustered in certain hotspots [12,26]. Howe ...
A Cre Transcription Fidelity Reporter Identifies GreA as a
A Cre Transcription Fidelity Reporter Identifies GreA as a

... Next, we deleted the region from just downstream of the loxP site to beyond the galM gene, and replaced it with a catsacB cassette rendering the cells galK2, chloramphenicolresistant, and sucrose-sensitive (Figure S1C in File S1). We then used PCR to amplify DNA from the construct shown in Figure S ...
Phenotypic Stability of trp Operon Recombinant
Phenotypic Stability of trp Operon Recombinant

... Plasmid preparatiorr. Escherichia coli carrying RSF2124-trp was grown ovei night in PBB and diluted 10fold in 100 ml M-9 medium (Clowes & Hayes, 1968) supplemented with Casamino acids (20 g 1-lj and thiamin (1Opg ml-l) or thymine (1Opg ml-l), when required. The culture was grown for 2 h a t 37 "Cwit ...
Introduction
Introduction

... The sperm cells are transported close to the tip of the pollen tube and are, therefore in a prime position to process directional signals for the tube. HAP2 is an integral membrane protein with a significant extra-cellular domain. This domain could well interact with cytoplasmic factors in the tube ...
A global picture of tRNA genes in plant genomes
A global picture of tRNA genes in plant genomes

... genes became functional once integrated into the nuclear genome, but so far none of them has been shown to be functional (Tian et al., 2007). In the absence of any experimental evidence, we therefore considered them as unexpressed genes and they were not considered as ‘true’ tDNAs. The number of tru ...
Staphylococcus aureus CC395 harbours a novel
Staphylococcus aureus CC395 harbours a novel

... in JS395 were nearly identical to sequences from an S. aureus phage, GRCS, isolated from raw sewage in India,20 and a plasmid, SAP020A, isolated from a CoNS species (DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank accession number GQ900386), respectively. Together, these findings support horizontal transfer of the CRISPR locus b ...
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Genome editing

Genome editing, or genome editing with engineered nucleases (GEEN) is a type of genetic engineering in which DNA is inserted, replaced, or removed from a genome using artificially engineered nucleases, or ""molecular scissors."" The nucleases create specific double-stranded break (DSBs) at desired locations in the genome, and harness the cell’s endogenous mechanisms to repair the induced break by natural processes of homologous recombination (HR) and nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ). There are currently four families of engineered nucleases being used: Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs), the CRISPR/Cas system, and engineered meganuclease re-engineered homing endonucleases.It is commonly practiced in genetic analysis that in order to understand the function of a gene or a protein function one interferes with it in a sequence-specific way and monitors its effects on the organism. However, in some organisms it is difficult or impossible to perform site-specific mutagenesis, and therefore more indirect methods have to be used, such as silencing the gene of interest by short RNA interference (siRNA) . Yet gene disruption by siRNA can be variable and incomplete. Genome editing with nucleases such as ZFN is different from siRNA in that the engineered nuclease is able to modify DNA-binding specificity and therefore can in principle cut any targeted position in the genome, and introduce modification of the endogenous sequences for genes that are impossible to specifically target by conventional RNAi. Furthermore, the specificity of ZFNs and TALENs are enhanced as two ZFNs are required in the recognition of their portion of the target and subsequently direct to the neighboring sequences.It was chosen by Nature Methods as the 2011 Method of the Year.
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