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CMBI
CMBI

슬라이드 1
슬라이드 1

... Enzyme Inhibition. Chemical substances called inhibitors decrease the rates of enzyme catalyzed reactions. irreversible inhibitors render enzymes permanently inactive and include several very toxic substances such as the cyanide ion and heavy metal ions. Reversible inhibitors are of two types: comp ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... Clusters of orthologous groups (COGs)  COGs were delineated by comparing protein sequences encoded in 43 complete genomes representing 30 major phylogenetic lineages.  Each Cluster has representatives of at least 3 lineages ...
Enzymes
Enzymes

... with, for example, a low constant activity provided by one enzyme but an inducible high activity from a second enzyme. Enzymes determine what steps occur in these pathways. Without enzymes, metabolism would neither progress through the same steps nor be fast enough to serve the needs of the cell. In ...
Document
Document

... the maintenance of a sucrose concentration gradient driving passive sucrose diffusion. However, invertases would not be sensitive to the energy transfer inhibitors which block nectar secretion. Conversely, sugar metabolism within the gland tissue could be involved as a driving force osecretion. Suga ...
C - bellevuebiology
C - bellevuebiology

... • Sit in any seat for today. You will have assigned seats tomorrow • Were you absent before the break? Plan on coming to tutorial today or tomorrow to makeup the test (from Thursday), it must be completed by Tuesday in tutorial. ...
Nutritional Application of Proportions - hansen
Nutritional Application of Proportions - hansen

... Proportion is also useful in solving measurement problems that have to do with amounts of sodium, calories, fat, and protein in food or an amount in a drug dosage. The proportion will use the information in a scenario to solve for the unknown quantities in a specific amount. Example ...
Statistical potential-based amino acid similarity
Statistical potential-based amino acid similarity

... proteins, applying the knowledge that homologous proteins have a similar fold.4,5 This evolutionary principle is extended to state that protein local fragments of a similar sequence, which do not necessarily have an evolutionary relationship, have a similar local structure.6 – 8 Of course, these two ...
OMPROT PP2 ver4 - Plant Physiology
OMPROT PP2 ver4 - Plant Physiology

... outer membranes by sedimentation and subsequent flotation through sucrose gradients. This membrane fractionation was performed on two samples, the first being FFE enriched mitochondria to yield enriched mitochondrial outer membrane (Mt OM), the second being the crude organelle enrichment HSP to yie ...
Fibrinolytic Bacterial Enzymes with Thrombolytic Activity
Fibrinolytic Bacterial Enzymes with Thrombolytic Activity

... secreted by humans include pepsin and protease for breakdown of proteins, lipase for fats, and amylase for carbohydrates. Cellulase, which helps with digestion of plant cells, is not produced by humans but is extracted from plant tissues as they are mechanically broken down. Plant-based foods are of ...
ref. #27 of the TIBS article
ref. #27 of the TIBS article

... sites for N-linked glycosylation (Y ˆ glycosylated acceptor site, = non-glycosylated; acceptor site) are introduced in different positions relative to the H1 and H2 transmembrane segments, as well as to a segment (H3) inserted into the P2 domain by site-directed mutagenesis. Proteins are expressed i ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... protein sequence alignment  Scoring matrices are created based on biological evidence.  Alignments can be thought of as two sequences that differ due to mutations.  Some of these mutations have little effect on the protein’s function, therefore some penalties, δ(vi , wj), will be less harsh than ...
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH Joanne I. Yeh joanneyeh Associate
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH Joanne I. Yeh joanneyeh Associate

... Structural Studies on Metabolic Membrane Proteins Major focus of this study is on the crystal structure determination of membrane proteins involved in glycerol and oxidative metabolism in Gram-positive, pathogenic bacteria. DARPA / AFSOR MURI:co-PI J.I. Yeh 06/01/03-05/01/08 Biological Interface for ...
Human Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE 2) ELISA
Human Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE 2) ELISA

... which has 9 amino acids. This can then further be converted by ACE to a shorter peptide, angiotensin 1-7, which is a blood vessel dilator. Using ACE2 null mice, Crackower et al. showed that ACE2 was critically involved in a cardiac contractility (3). Li et al. (4) identified ACE2, isolated from SARS ...
Structure of a Plasmodium yoelii gene
Structure of a Plasmodium yoelii gene

... The blots were prehybridized in 6xsodium-EDTA-Tris (SET: lxSET is 0.15M NaCl, 2mM EDTA, 0.03M Tris-HCl at pH8.0), 5xDenhardt's solution (Denhardt, 1966), 0.5% (v/v) Nonidet P40, and lOO^gml"1 salmon sperm DNA for 2h at 45 °C. Hybridizations were conducted under the same conditions for 1 h at 45°C us ...
REAL-TIME PCR
REAL-TIME PCR

... fluorescein (from the donor probe) is directly transferred to the acceptor dye by FRET. The acceptor fluorophore emits light at a different wavelength. Subsequently the fluorescent signal can be detected and measured. This happens during the annealing phase and first part of the extension phase of t ...
1. Sucrose is a disaccharide. The diagram shows the structure of a
1. Sucrose is a disaccharide. The diagram shows the structure of a

... intestinal problems if they drink milk. Milk can be treated with the enzyme lactase and this reduces the amount of lactose present. The diagram shows an industrial reactor used to produce ...
Hair Thinning following Bariatric Surgery
Hair Thinning following Bariatric Surgery

...  Some data linking zinc deficiency to telogenic phase hair loss  Not conclusively studied, but has been shown to stop hair loss after 6 months (stops normally within 6 months, so not sure if truly was zinc  CAUTION: Too much Zinc can be toxic and cause GI distress. Also can lead to copper depleti ...
Simplification of the genetic code: restricted
Simplification of the genetic code: restricted

... (Ser), instead of leucine (Leu), in Candida cylindracea. In laboratory experiments, researchers succeeded in expanding the genetic code to include unnatural amino acids (5–7). Furthermore, pyrrolysine, which arose from the natural expansion of the genetic code, is incorporated into proteins in respo ...
Polyubiquitination in diseases: implications in skeletal muscle
Polyubiquitination in diseases: implications in skeletal muscle

... MyoD and vascular calcification by decreasing histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1). Skeletal muscle atrophy results from the net loss of muscular proteins and organelles and is caused by pathologic conditions such as nerve injury, immobilization, cancer, and other metabolic diseases. Ret finger protein (RF ...
Regulation of the heat stress response in Arabidopsis by
Regulation of the heat stress response in Arabidopsis by

... E) are crucial for interaction with a cluster of basic amino acids (K und R) of MAPKKs in the sequence ([LH][LHY]Dxx[DE]xx[DE]EPxC) conserved in this CD-domain (Tanoue et al., 2000). The group A members MPK3 and MPK6 are involved in various environmental stress and hormone responses (Nühse et al., ...
No Slide Title
No Slide Title

...  E3 Ub the tumor suppressor p53 and other proteins that control DNA repair, when are then destroyed.  E3 activation is observed in 90% of cervical carcinoma.  NF-kB (transcription factor) initiates the expression of a number of the genes that take part in this process.  NF-kB normally remains in ...
Micromolding for the Fabrication of Biological Microarrays
Micromolding for the Fabrication of Biological Microarrays

... Arrays of proteins and nucleic acids have found many applications from fundamental research to medical devices and drug delivery (1, 2). Proteins and DNA arrays used in high-throughput analyses allow rapid analysis of gene or protein expression either for diagnostics or fundamental biological resear ...
Chaperone Competent Cell BL21
Chaperone Competent Cell BL21

... iv)The products including araB promoter are sold under license agreement with XOMA Ireland Limited. The purchase of this product conveys to the buyer the non-transferable right to use the purchased a mount of the product and components of the product in research conducted by the buyer (wh ...
Glycoblocks: a schematic three-dimensional
Glycoblocks: a schematic three-dimensional

... recognition, for example having a clear impact on the therapeutic effects of antibodies. Their importance has been ...
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Western blot



The western blot (sometimes called the protein immunoblot) is a widely used analytical technique used to detect specific proteins in a sample of tissue homogenate or extract. It uses gel electrophoresis to separate native proteins by 3-D structure or denatured proteins by the length of the polypeptide. The proteins are then transferred to a membrane (typically nitrocellulose or PVDF), where they are stained with antibodies specific to the target protein. The gel electrophoresis step is included in western blot analysis to resolve the issue of the cross-reactivity of antibodies.There are many reagent companies that specialize in providing antibodies (both monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies) against tens of thousands of different proteins. Commercial antibodies can be expensive, although the unbound antibody can be reused between experiments. This method is used in the fields of molecular biology, immunogenetics and other molecular biology disciplines. A number of search engines, such as CiteAb, Antibodypedia, and SeekProducts, are available that can help researchers find suitable antibodies for use in western blotting.Other related techniques include dot blot analysis, immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry where antibodies are used to detect proteins in tissues and cells by immunostaining, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The method originated in the laboratory of Harry Towbin at the Friedrich Miescher Institute. The name western blot was given to the technique by W. Neal Burnette and is a play on the name Southern blot, a technique for DNA detection developed earlier by Edwin Southern. Detection of RNA is termed northern blot and was developed by George Stark at Stanford.
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