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Solution
Solution

... The R groups of amino acid residues within the active site of an enzyme bind the substrate by forming hydrogen bonds, salt bridges, and hydrophobic interactions and catalyze the reaction. ...
File
File

...  Do not get used up during the reaction  Can work both in the forward and reverse directions of a reaction  Are highly selective to specific substrates ...
A new subfamily of fungal subtilases: structural and functional
A new subfamily of fungal subtilases: structural and functional

... the identification of its pre- and pro-sequences. A mature protein sequence has been verified by mass spectrometry mapping, the N-glycosylation sites have been identified and the glycosidic moieties characterized. Mature PoSl shows a cleaved peptide bond in the C-terminal region, which remains assoc ...
Amino Acids slides
Amino Acids slides

... same charge when ionized In this case, the total charge on the groups with like charge must equal one (1) so that it can be balanced by the one (1) opposite charge present on the molecule ...
Executive Stress Formula
Executive Stress Formula

... Structurally, enzymes are complex molecules that are comprised of amino acid chains and can sometimes include co-factors which assist the enzyme in the chemical reaction. Some enzymes are sensitive to changes in pH and temperature and can be destroyed if exposed to less than ideal conditions. Wobenz ...
STUDY GUIDE
STUDY GUIDE

Unit 04 Enzymes and respiration Review
Unit 04 Enzymes and respiration Review

Enzymes
Enzymes

... •Each enzyme binds to a single type of substrate > both have complementary structure •substrate overall shape and charge distribution allow it to enter and interact with the enzymes active site. E + S > ES > E+ P ...
EXAM I (September 21, 2005) BIOCHEMISTRY 460 9:00 am section
EXAM I (September 21, 2005) BIOCHEMISTRY 460 9:00 am section

Reading the Blueprint of Life Chromosome DNA Gene Transcription
Reading the Blueprint of Life Chromosome DNA Gene Transcription

Enzyme - PharmaStreet
Enzyme - PharmaStreet

... • Therefore, uncompetitive inhibitors are less effective at low substrate concentrations. Uncompetitive inhibitors are not very common. • In theory, a non-competitive inhibitor binds to an allosteric binding site and inhibits the enzyme-catalysed reaction without affecting the strength of substrate ...
Beta sheets are twisted
Beta sheets are twisted

... • parallel beta-strands connected by longer regions containing alpha-helical segments • almost always has a right-handed fold ...
Module 13 Enzymes and Vitamins Lecture 34 Enzymes
Module 13 Enzymes and Vitamins Lecture 34 Enzymes

lecture notes
lecture notes

... binds the substrates (and the cofactor, if any). • It also contains the residues that directly participate in the making and breaking of bonds. These residues are called the catalytic groups. • The interaction of the enzyme and substrate at the active site promotes the formation of the transition st ...
Test # 1
Test # 1

... following mutations would be the LEAST LIKELY to result in a non-functional protein? A. an insertion of a single nucleotide in codon 23 B. a single base change in the first position of codon 12 C. a single base change in the third position of codon 12 D. a nonsense mutation in codon 37 ...
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L1-2

... • One of the two most common elements of secondary structure • Right-handed helix stabilized by hydrogen bonds • amide carbonyl group of residue i is Hbonded to amide nitrogen of residue i+4 • 3.6 amino acids per turn • acts as a strong dipole • H-bonds are parallel to the axis of the helix • Y = -4 ...
Option C - IBperiod5
Option C - IBperiod5

499 Med Chem Chap 3 problems
499 Med Chem Chap 3 problems

Amino acid lecture(1) by Prof.Dr.Moaed Al
Amino acid lecture(1) by Prof.Dr.Moaed Al

... Amino acid lecture(1) by Prof.Dr.Moaed Al-Gazally Metabolism of individual amino acids ...
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Finals Practice Exam

... 13). The following is a list of the six types of catalytic strategies that enzymes use to lower the activation energy of reactions. Answer the question(s) that accompany each catalytic strategy. I). Acid-Base Catalysis- Which enzyme of glycolysis uses a strict acid-base catalytic mechanism? What ca ...
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY ADVANCED PLACEMENT TEST (SAMPLE)
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY ADVANCED PLACEMENT TEST (SAMPLE)

... 1. Which of the following statements about the biophysical property of water is INCORRECT? A. Water molecule forms H-bonds B. Water retains heat well C. Water is dielectrict D. Water at freezing point has the highest density E. Water is polar 2. Which of the following is NOT a strong electrolyte and ...
Assignment 5 Bioenergy/ Photosynthesis
Assignment 5 Bioenergy/ Photosynthesis

The X-ray Crystal Structures of Human
The X-ray Crystal Structures of Human

... conformation, with and without the bound substrate, ␣-D-mannose 1-phosphate. ␣-PMM1, like most haloalkanoic acid dehalogenase superfamily (HADSF) members, consists of two domains, the cap and core, which open to bind substrate and then close to provide a solvent-exclusive environment for catalysis. ...
ENZYME Test REVIEW Answers
ENZYME Test REVIEW Answers

... 9. What is the optimal pH for trypsin? 8.5 11. Is this pH acid or basic 12. Neither enzyme works at a pHs of__5_ 13. An incomplete graph is shown below. What two internal body conditions could appropriately be used to replace letter Z on the axis? pH or temperature ...
Problem Set 9 Key
Problem Set 9 Key

... 1. Describe the process of delivering amino acids to the liver from: a. Dietary proteins Gastrin Hormone is secreted by gastric mucosal cells which signals the release of HCl and Pepsinogen (pepsin zymogen) by gastric glands. The low pH triggesr Secretin release, which stimulates pancrease to releas ...
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Catalytic triad



A catalytic triad refers to the three amino acid residues that function together at the centre of the active site of some hydrolase and transferase enzymes (e.g. proteases, amidases, esterases, acylases, lipases and β-lactamases). An Acid-Base-Nucleophile triad is a common motif for generating a nucleophilic residue for covalent catalysis. The residues form a charge-relay network to polarise and activate the nucleophile, which attacks the substrate, forming a covalent intermediate which is then hydrolysed to regenerate free enzyme. The nucleophile is most commonly a serine or cysteine amino acid, but occasionally threonine. Because enzymes fold into complex three-dimensional structures, the residues of a catalytic triad can be far from each other along the amino-acid sequence (primary structure), however, they are brought close together in the final fold.As well as divergent evolution of function (and even the triad's nucleophile), catalytic triads show some of the best examples of convergent evolution. Chemical constraints on catalysis have led to the same catalytic solution independently evolving in at least 23 separate superfamilies. Their mechanism of action is consequently one of the best studied in biochemistry.
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