Toward an Aposynthesis of Topic Continuity and
... models to identify two distinct processes. Drawing on current insights and empirical data from various languages we propose an aposynthetic1 model of discourse in which topic continuity, computed across units, and focusing preferences internal to these units are subject to different mechanisms. The ...
... models to identify two distinct processes. Drawing on current insights and empirical data from various languages we propose an aposynthetic1 model of discourse in which topic continuity, computed across units, and focusing preferences internal to these units are subject to different mechanisms. The ...
THE SUBSYSTEMS OF LEXICAL ASPECTS
... cded the chronogenesis, that is the development of the time image. We have proposed the existence of pre-chronogenetic levels, which concern the development of the event image of the iexeme, which in Guillaumian terms concerns the ideogenesis (choice and development of lexical notion) rather than th ...
... cded the chronogenesis, that is the development of the time image. We have proposed the existence of pre-chronogenetic levels, which concern the development of the event image of the iexeme, which in Guillaumian terms concerns the ideogenesis (choice and development of lexical notion) rather than th ...
ARCHIVEr JUN 30 1975
... and Yvonne Bordelois are owed not only credit for significant enhancement but also my thanks for their warm friendship and bravery in the face of my battles with graduate work. I am indebted to the American Philosophical Society Phillips Fund for a summer research grant, and to the faculty at M.I.T. ...
... and Yvonne Bordelois are owed not only credit for significant enhancement but also my thanks for their warm friendship and bravery in the face of my battles with graduate work. I am indebted to the American Philosophical Society Phillips Fund for a summer research grant, and to the faculty at M.I.T. ...
FUNCTIONAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE NOUN PHRASE
... By functional perspective we understand the distribution of different kinds of linguistic information (thematic, transitional, rhematic) within a certain commu nicative unit. Since it was the sentence that was examined first, Firbas (1959) introduced the term Functional Sentence Perspective. This t ...
... By functional perspective we understand the distribution of different kinds of linguistic information (thematic, transitional, rhematic) within a certain commu nicative unit. Since it was the sentence that was examined first, Firbas (1959) introduced the term Functional Sentence Perspective. This t ...
The syntax of Swedish present participles - the
... Later research has taken a derivational approach to lexical categories and word formation, claiming that words are built in very much the same way as sentences, i.e. that word formation is syntactic (Halle and Marantz 1993, Marantz 1997, Josefsson 1997, 1998, Baker 2003 etc). Strongly opposing the p ...
... Later research has taken a derivational approach to lexical categories and word formation, claiming that words are built in very much the same way as sentences, i.e. that word formation is syntactic (Halle and Marantz 1993, Marantz 1997, Josefsson 1997, 1998, Baker 2003 etc). Strongly opposing the p ...
the distribution and role of relative clauses in different text types
... compared with the written registers. Thus, it comes clear that the reduction of finite clauses is more common in writing than in spoken discourse. The proportion of finite vs. non-finite clauses in academic prose is 308 to 130. Looking at the graph in Figure 3, we can detect a very interesting fact ...
... compared with the written registers. Thus, it comes clear that the reduction of finite clauses is more common in writing than in spoken discourse. The proportion of finite vs. non-finite clauses in academic prose is 308 to 130. Looking at the graph in Figure 3, we can detect a very interesting fact ...
Verbal Compounding in English - Anglistik
... non-verbal compounds (spotlightN, stagemanagerN) and states quite categorically that genuine “[v]erbal composition does not exist in Present-day English” (Marchand 1969: 100). Complex verbs like the above-mentioned, which were not formed by means of compounding, are referred to as “verbal pseudo-com ...
... non-verbal compounds (spotlightN, stagemanagerN) and states quite categorically that genuine “[v]erbal composition does not exist in Present-day English” (Marchand 1969: 100). Complex verbs like the above-mentioned, which were not formed by means of compounding, are referred to as “verbal pseudo-com ...
this PDF file - Journal of Language Modelling
... derivation of words and the ‘relatedness/unrelatedness’ of meaning – a matter of degree that relies on native speaker’s feeling – have been proposed for the distinction between homonymy and polysemy. In homonymy, a lexical item accidentally carries two (or more) distinct and unrelated meanings, whil ...
... derivation of words and the ‘relatedness/unrelatedness’ of meaning – a matter of degree that relies on native speaker’s feeling – have been proposed for the distinction between homonymy and polysemy. In homonymy, a lexical item accidentally carries two (or more) distinct and unrelated meanings, whil ...
View/Open - Minerva Access
... The most interesting and important grammatical subsystem in Oksapmin is the evidential one, which permeates various areas of the grammar. Without proper knowledge of this system, one cannot make a single grammatical sentence in the language. Recall that evidentiality is, roughly speaking, when a spe ...
... The most interesting and important grammatical subsystem in Oksapmin is the evidential one, which permeates various areas of the grammar. Without proper knowledge of this system, one cannot make a single grammatical sentence in the language. Recall that evidentiality is, roughly speaking, when a spe ...
příčestí přítomné ve funkci premodifikátoru a postmodifikátoru
... 2.1 The English verb When describing the English present participle, we should begin with a broader range where it belongs. Since the English present participle is one of English verb forms, we first move our attention to English verbs themselves. “Verbs typically express actions (e.g. writing) or s ...
... 2.1 The English verb When describing the English present participle, we should begin with a broader range where it belongs. Since the English present participle is one of English verb forms, we first move our attention to English verbs themselves. “Verbs typically express actions (e.g. writing) or s ...
On past participles and their external arguments
... care of by Voice (see e.g. Kratzer, 1996, and many others) and that Voice can take a verbal participial complement. If the external argument of the participle appears as a DP in the specifier of Voice, as in active constructions, the result is an active past participle. If it instead takes the form ...
... care of by Voice (see e.g. Kratzer, 1996, and many others) and that Voice can take a verbal participial complement. If the external argument of the participle appears as a DP in the specifier of Voice, as in active constructions, the result is an active past participle. If it instead takes the form ...
inquiries into the lexicon-syntax relations in basque
... which are formally reflexives (Mendikoetxea 1999) are treated as absolutive intransitive verbs in Basque borrowings, and he demonstrates that in fact, the tendency to use an ergative case marking with intransitive borrowed verbs (Sarasola 1979) is restricted to non-reflexive (most of the time agenti ...
... which are formally reflexives (Mendikoetxea 1999) are treated as absolutive intransitive verbs in Basque borrowings, and he demonstrates that in fact, the tendency to use an ergative case marking with intransitive borrowed verbs (Sarasola 1979) is restricted to non-reflexive (most of the time agenti ...
The pronominal clitic of quantified noun phrases in Slovenian
... The GQ has traditionally been recognized as a characteristic property of Slavic numeral noun phrases, although individual languages may differ with respect to the inflectional properties of the numerals and the subject-verb agreement pattern. Thus, for instance, Slovenian but not also Serbo-Croatian ...
... The GQ has traditionally been recognized as a characteristic property of Slavic numeral noun phrases, although individual languages may differ with respect to the inflectional properties of the numerals and the subject-verb agreement pattern. Thus, for instance, Slovenian but not also Serbo-Croatian ...
PP #8—Complex Sentences - Romeo Community Schools
... The series of exercises contained in this booklet are generative; that is, they require the student to compose sentences rather than just recognize grammatical structures in sentences composed by someone else. It takes a little more time for a teacher to read the work of students who are writing sen ...
... The series of exercises contained in this booklet are generative; that is, they require the student to compose sentences rather than just recognize grammatical structures in sentences composed by someone else. It takes a little more time for a teacher to read the work of students who are writing sen ...
ENG421 - National Open University of Nigeria
... (1995). They are available in leading bookshops in the country. Many of the texts are articles, some of which can be downloaded from the internet free. However, ...
... (1995). They are available in leading bookshops in the country. Many of the texts are articles, some of which can be downloaded from the internet free. However, ...
Decomposing Existence: Evidence from Germanic
... „habitat” reading. Such existentials are for example German es gibt, Danish der findes, Swedish det finns, Norwegian det fins and Icelandic der være til. In section 3, I will contrast locative and pure existentials using data from Germanic languages. The habitual interpretation of pure existentials ...
... „habitat” reading. Such existentials are for example German es gibt, Danish der findes, Swedish det finns, Norwegian det fins and Icelandic der være til. In section 3, I will contrast locative and pure existentials using data from Germanic languages. The habitual interpretation of pure existentials ...
Language Arts Curriculum Guide Template
... various students which step of the process they are using. Include class in these discussions. b. Use brainstorming with students to practice narrowing topics from general to specific. Graphic organizers and Inspiration software are good tools for individual ...
... various students which step of the process they are using. Include class in these discussions. b. Use brainstorming with students to practice narrowing topics from general to specific. Graphic organizers and Inspiration software are good tools for individual ...
as a PDF
... they do not provide objective and empirically testable parameters that could be used to decide on how BH could be classified and the meanings of the verb forms be determined. Some argue that the language is a tense language, some argue that it is an aspect language while others claim that the verbs ...
... they do not provide objective and empirically testable parameters that could be used to decide on how BH could be classified and the meanings of the verb forms be determined. Some argue that the language is a tense language, some argue that it is an aspect language while others claim that the verbs ...
TABLE OF CONTENTS - The Linguistics Journal
... In keeping with this criterion, English verbs such as gallop (of a horse, moving very fast) or its equivalent in Chinese “驰骋 chíchěng (to gallop)” are excluded from consideration. However, if the locomotion verbs apply to both human beings and animals, they fall within the scope of the research, suc ...
... In keeping with this criterion, English verbs such as gallop (of a horse, moving very fast) or its equivalent in Chinese “驰骋 chíchěng (to gallop)” are excluded from consideration. However, if the locomotion verbs apply to both human beings and animals, they fall within the scope of the research, suc ...
The objective conjugation in Hungarian: agreement without phi
... an agreement affix has lost its referential status, and serves instead to register grammatical features of an argument phrase. This distinction therefore has wide-ranging grammatical consequences, interacting with issues such as reference, pronoun binding, argument omission, and extraction. Despite ...
... an agreement affix has lost its referential status, and serves instead to register grammatical features of an argument phrase. This distinction therefore has wide-ranging grammatical consequences, interacting with issues such as reference, pronoun binding, argument omission, and extraction. Despite ...
6 A-movement
... it would traditionally be said that the sentence consists of two constituents (the word students and the word protested), that each of these constituents belongs to a specific grammatical category (students being a plural noun and protested a past tense verb) and that each serves a specific grammati ...
... it would traditionally be said that the sentence consists of two constituents (the word students and the word protested), that each of these constituents belongs to a specific grammatical category (students being a plural noun and protested a past tense verb) and that each serves a specific grammati ...
ENGLISH SYNTAX: THE coMpoSITE SENTENcE. THE Mood
... He wants her to live in the towns, but she only cares for woods. Do you want to leave now or would you rather set off later? I heard a noise so I got out of bed and turned the light on. When clauses are joined without a connector, by means of a comma or semicolon, etc. – asyndetic: Man wants to love ...
... He wants her to live in the towns, but she only cares for woods. Do you want to leave now or would you rather set off later? I heard a noise so I got out of bed and turned the light on. When clauses are joined without a connector, by means of a comma or semicolon, etc. – asyndetic: Man wants to love ...
Non-subject Arguments in Indonesian - ORB
... discussed in this thesis, who generously shared their time and knowledge with me. In particular, Umar Muslim was an endlessly patient teacher of both Indonesian and Javanese, and was always willing to share his own insights as a linguist. Katarina Sukamto, Eli Riharti, and Lalu Dasmara all also were ...
... discussed in this thesis, who generously shared their time and knowledge with me. In particular, Umar Muslim was an endlessly patient teacher of both Indonesian and Javanese, and was always willing to share his own insights as a linguist. Katarina Sukamto, Eli Riharti, and Lalu Dasmara all also were ...
IRREGULAR VERBS
... an adjective and past participle used in the passive. In meanings other than ‘give birth to’ borne is used: This was a child born of/to educated parents. She has borne (him) six children. ...
... an adjective and past participle used in the passive. In meanings other than ‘give birth to’ borne is used: This was a child born of/to educated parents. She has borne (him) six children. ...
Style: toward clarity and grace
... writing results from different causes and how writers can diag nose different problems and overcome them. There is a second general objective: It is important for every one those who write professional prose and those who have to read it to understand not only its social origins but its social con ...
... writing results from different causes and how writers can diag nose different problems and overcome them. There is a second general objective: It is important for every one those who write professional prose and those who have to read it to understand not only its social origins but its social con ...
Chinese grammar
This article concerns Standard Chinese. For the grammars of other forms of Chinese, see their respective articles via links on Chinese language and varieties of Chinese.The grammar of Standard Chinese shares many features with other varieties of Chinese. The language almost entirely lacks inflection, so that words typically have only one grammatical form. Categories such as number (singular or plural) and verb tense are frequently not expressed by any grammatical means, although there are several particles that serve to express verbal aspect, and to some extent mood.The basic word order is subject–verb–object (SVO). Otherwise, Chinese is chiefly a head-last language, meaning that modifiers precede the words they modify – in a noun phrase, for example, the head noun comes last, and all modifiers, including relative clauses, come in front of it. (This phenomenon is more typically found in SOV languages like Turkish and Japanese.)Chinese frequently uses serial verb constructions, which involve two or more verbs or verb phrases in sequence. Chinese prepositions behave similarly to serialized verbs in some respects (several of the common prepositions can also be used as full verbs), and they are often referred to as coverbs. There are also location markers, placed after a noun, and hence often called postpositions; these are often used in combination with a coverb. Predicate adjectives are normally used without a copular verb (""to be""), and can thus be regarded as a type of verb.As in many east Asian languages, classifiers or measure words are required when using numerals (and sometimes other words such as demonstratives) with nouns. There are many different classifiers in the language, and each countable noun generally has a particular classifier associated with it. Informally, however, it is often acceptable to use the general classifier 个 [個] ge in place of other specific classifiers.Examples given in this article use simplified Chinese characters (with the traditional characters following in brackets if they differ) and standard pinyin Romanization.