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10. - Universität Erfurt
10. - Universität Erfurt

... to refer to one of its members, or it may be predicated on one of them. In both cases, it may be used to characterize either the possessor or the possessum. Furthermore, there is a type of situation which itself is non-possessive but which affects a participant possessed by another participant which ...
Modern Spanish Grammar: A Practical Guide
Modern Spanish Grammar: A Practical Guide

... topics so that you can find information again quickly and easily. Third person verbs, pronouns and possessive adjectives are often potentially ambiguous in Spanish: an extreme case is su, which can mean ‘his’, ‘her’, ‘your’, ‘its’ or ‘their’. In this book we have given the most likely translation for ...
Negation in Uralic languages - uralicnegation
Negation in Uralic languages - uralicnegation

... f) Possession: Sally has nineteen cats. / The book is John's. The clauses expressing possession can be further divided in the types of 'have'-possession (as in Sally has nineteen cats) and 'belong'-possession (as in The book is John's), according to the terminology of Heine (1997: 29–33). In accorda ...
Modern Spanish Grammar: A Practical Guide
Modern Spanish Grammar: A Practical Guide

... topics so that you can find information again quickly and easily. Third person verbs, pronouns and possessive adjectives are often potentially ambiguous in Spanish: an extreme case is su, which can mean ‘his’, ‘her’, ‘your’, ‘its’ or ‘their’. In this book we have given the most likely translation for ...
LEXICAL NEGATION IN ENGLISH: THE CASE OF UN- AND IN-
LEXICAL NEGATION IN ENGLISH: THE CASE OF UN- AND IN-

... Abstract: In- and un- are two negative prefixes that may appear to be quite similar both semantically and morphologically. In some cases, particularly when the adjectives are used predicatively, in- and un- can easily be glossed by not: ‘This is impossible’ is more or less interchangeable with ‘This ...
Gerundive Nominals and The Role of Aspect
Gerundive Nominals and The Role of Aspect

... Note that I am using the feature [ /PROG/] merely as a convenient shorthand here for distinguishing the two aspectual classes. I am not tied to any particular instantiation of the feature(s) that distinguish progressive. Some possible feature(s) that would instantiate /PROG/ are [ durative] or [ ...
Minimalist Syntax Revisited
Minimalist Syntax Revisited

... This is a substantially revised version of my book Minimalist Syntax: Exploring the Structure of English (published by Cambridge University Press in 2004). One form of revision is the omission of chapter 2 of Minimalist Syntax (with some of the relevant material incorporated into chapter 1 of this c ...
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HAY There is, there are…

... can signify “to be” in Spanish. n  True definition: there is, there are ...
Russian Deverbal Nouns - Dipòsit Digital de la UB
Russian Deverbal Nouns - Dipòsit Digital de la UB

... or the result of that action. If nouns denoting processes are closer to verbs, nouns denoting a result, that is, a concrete or an abstract entity resulting from the action, are closer to nouns. Both result and event nouns inherit the argument structure of the base verb. These analyses of the lexical ...
The pronominal clitic of quantified noun phrases in Slovenian
The pronominal clitic of quantified noun phrases in Slovenian

... The GQ has traditionally been recognized as a characteristic property of Slavic numeral noun phrases, although individual languages may differ with respect to the inflectional properties of the numerals and the subject-verb agreement pattern. Thus, for instance, Slovenian but not also Serbo-Croatian ...
BINDING IN SWAHILI MORPHOLOGY AND SYNTAX. NAME
BINDING IN SWAHILI MORPHOLOGY AND SYNTAX. NAME

... syntax cannot work independently in the light of concordial agreement; this study will eventually attempt to show how the two interact in deciding the grammaticality of sentences. Key terms and concepts that will be commonly used in this study include: subject and object markers. These two refer to ...
Unacceptable Ambiguity (1973)
Unacceptable Ambiguity (1973)

... of cyclic rules like Passive and Raising, which the statement of selectional restrictions must precede.) It might be supposed, for example, that the interpretive rule attempts to supply an interpretation for the right conjunct of (30) parallel to the interpretation of the left conjunct; finding the ...
A Reference Grammar of Dena Michelle Elizabeth Morrison Doctor
A Reference Grammar of Dena Michelle Elizabeth Morrison Doctor

... The first chapter provides an introduction to the Bena language and people. It also discusses results from the 2009 sociolinguistic survey which had the goal of clarifying questions on both the dialectal situation and the sociolinguistic vitality of Bena. The second chapter is devoted to phonetics ...
Phrase Structure Rules
Phrase Structure Rules

... elements without parentheses are obligatory ...
Language Arts - Alton School District
Language Arts - Alton School District

... 11. He hit 23 grand slam home runs! 12. What an amazing feat! Grade 4, Lesson 2 ...
Definition - KhmerDocs
Definition - KhmerDocs

... Bare infinitive is used after several verbs of permission or causation including ( make, bid, let, and have………………………………) Ex- She always makes me cry everyday. Ex- Hillary lets Mc cain give a speech to his supporters in the white house. CUE ...
Madalina CERBAN, A Systemic Functional Description of the Simple
Madalina CERBAN, A Systemic Functional Description of the Simple

... classification of conducting substances. Before starting analysing the text we consider necessary to draw a distinction between the two ways the structure of a clause can be analysed: Given-New structure and Theme-Rheme structure. Theme is one of the two systems that organize the information present ...
příčestí přítomné ve funkci premodifikátoru a postmodifikátoru
příčestí přítomné ve funkci premodifikátoru a postmodifikátoru

... broader range which the present participles belong to, and with the transitive and intransitive verbs as well. Further, the verb phrases and the category of finiteness are explained. Finally, the present participles are described. There is included their formation, usage and syntactic functions, esp ...
1 xxx - Edmond
1 xxx - Edmond

... to other sections as needed. In some sections I suggest sample prose, but of course language X may have different patterns, requiring complete or partial rewriting. Translations of example sentences are suggestions only. xxx is used as a variable for the phonological form of a morpheme, word, etc.. ...
Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction
Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction

... to know the details of how labio-velar consonants developed in Indo-European languages or the basis for the reconstruction of the locative plural case ending will not find them here; instead they will be able to review in detail arguments about the categories of the Indo-European verb or the syntax ...
Michelle Anne Long A Thesis - Bibliothèque et Archives Canada
Michelle Anne Long A Thesis - Bibliothèque et Archives Canada

... the variety of Swampy Cree spoken there as her first language. She began leamhg English at the age of 16. These laboratory sentences may sometimes appear Iess idiornatic or natural than sentences uttered in the context of a larger narrative. Nonethelesq they are grammatical sentences. Examples from ...
A Copula Analysis of shì in the Chinese Cleft Construction
A Copula Analysis of shì in the Chinese Cleft Construction

... & Thompson 1981:87). The predicate is the part of a sentence containing what is said about the subject. “The word ‘predicate’ is a functional term in opposition with the functional term ‘subject’, … it commonly refers to the function of a verb phrase … A predicate, however, is not necessarily a verb ...
Adverbs in Kenyang
Adverbs in Kenyang

... sees adverbs as least homogeneous and the hardest to define. According to Payne (1997:69) any word with semantic content (i.e. other than grammatical particles) that is not clearly a noun, a verb, or an adjective is often put into this class of adverbs. In the same light McCawley (1996:664) observes ...
doc - KISS Grammar
doc - KISS Grammar

... adverb (of purpose) to "drove." 2. I would also accept "of Bidwell" as the prepositional phrase. The construction is so common, however, that there is little sense in having students explain the ellipsis in the full construction -"of Bidwell *which is a town in* Ohio." 3. "Miles" is a noun used as a ...
Hmong Elaborate Expressions are Coordinate Compounds
Hmong Elaborate Expressions are Coordinate Compounds

... The second example, in fact, would probably be acceptable if it was not blocked by this very similar compound faajtim-huabtais ‘emperor’, given above. The coordinate compound construction in Hmong enforces symmetry in at least semantics and phonology. The constructions are characterized by syntactic ...
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Portuguese grammar

Portuguese grammar, the morphology and syntax of the Portuguese language, is similar to the grammar of most other Romance languages—especially that of Spanish, and even more so to that of Galician. It is a relatively synthetic, fusional language.Nouns, adjectives, pronouns, and articles are moderately inflected: there are two genders (masculine and feminine) and two numbers (singular and plural). The case system of the ancestor language, Latin, has been lost, but personal pronouns are still declined with three main types of forms: subject, object of verb, and object of preposition. Most nouns and many adjectives can take diminutive or augmentative derivational suffixes, and most adjectives can take a so-called ""superlative"" derivational suffix. Adjectives usually follow the noun.Verbs are highly inflected: there are three tenses (past, present, future), three moods (indicative, subjunctive, imperative), three aspects (perfective, imperfective, and progressive), three voices (active, passive, reflexive), and an inflected infinitive. Most perfect and imperfect tenses are synthetic, totaling 11 conjugational paradigms, while all progressive tenses and passive constructions are periphrastic. As in other Romance languages, there is also an impersonal passive construction, with the agent replaced by an indefinite pronoun. Portuguese is basically an SVO language, although SOV syntax may occur with a few object pronouns, and word order is generally not as rigid as in English. It is a null subject language, with a tendency to drop object pronouns as well, in colloquial varieties. Like Spanish, it has two main copular verbs: ser and estar.It has a number of grammatical features that distinguish it from most other Romance languages, such as a synthetic pluperfect, a future subjunctive tense, the inflected infinitive, and a present perfect with an iterative sense. A rare feature of Portuguese is mesoclisis, the infixing of clitic pronouns in some verbal forms.
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