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Serial Verb Constructions
Serial Verb Constructions

... Not all of these parameters are new—but the way in which they are systematically discussed and applied provides an original perspective and presents a comprehensive view of serial verb constructions worldwide. The week of the workshop was an intellectually stimulating and exciting time, full of disc ...
Perfect - utdiscamusomnes
Perfect - utdiscamusomnes

... Caput XVIII: Deponents; perfect passive participles 18A.There is a certain class of verbs, called deponent, that only show passive forms--but have more or less active meanings. and often take a direct object. You are familiar with the English use of the Latin term non sequitur, which means “it doesn ...
Tense and Aspect Systems
Tense and Aspect Systems

... almost no information at all about the use of TMA categories except for the labels that the grammarian has chosen to apply to them. Even if these labels are not just taken over from school grammar- as is often the case - the terminology tends to be too idiosyncratic to warrant proper comparisons wit ...
On the notion of subject for subject-oriented adverbs
On the notion of subject for subject-oriented adverbs

... within the broad tradition of generative grammar. It is concluded that those properties that have been assumed to define subjecthood in earlier theories are distributed across different syntactic positions, and there is no unified category of ‘subject’ or ‘subject position’ in the current theory. In ...
STRUCTURAL PRIMING IN TURKISH GENITIVE
STRUCTURAL PRIMING IN TURKISH GENITIVE

... Very sincere thanks to my dear friend Emel Yüksel, who was always there for me. She not only helped me to access participants, but also and more importantly, supported me emotionally with her encouraging words. xii ...
Spoken Language Translator: Phase Two Report (Draft)
Spoken Language Translator: Phase Two Report (Draft)

... Spoken Language Translator (SLT) is a project whose long-term goal is the construction of practically useful systems capable of translating human speech from one language into another. The current SLT prototype, described in detail in this report, is capable of speech-to-speech translation between E ...
Syntactic Theory: A Formal Introduction
Syntactic Theory: A Formal Introduction

... do they study? It turns out that human languages are amazingly complex systems, whose inner workings can be investigated in large part simply by consulting the intuitions of native speakers. We employ this technique throughout this book, using our own intuitions about English as our principal source ...
space and metaphor in verbs prefixed with od-/ot
space and metaphor in verbs prefixed with od-/ot

... humans, animals, solid objects capable of motion, and certain bodies of water (e.g., tidal waves), verbs such as BCS/Blg. odjeknuti/otekna ‘echo’ and a few others at the bottom of Table 1 on the next page share a common meaning: spreading away from a source. These verbs can be understood as a transi ...
Heroic deeds and devious villains:
Heroic deeds and devious villains:

... believe it is important to be a good reader, and since we see reading as a meaningful and important activity, we want our children to read as much as possible. We are not indifferent, however, to what kind of literature children should read. Although we usually accept that some books can be read for ...
A Tree-to-Tree Model for Statistical Machine Translation Brooke
A Tree-to-Tree Model for Statistical Machine Translation Brooke

... In this thesis, we take a statistical tree-to-tree approach to solving the problem of machine translation (MT). In a statistical tree-to-tree approach, first the source-language input is parsed into a syntactic tree structure; then the source-language tree is mapped to a targetlanguage tree. This ki ...
Latina Ursorum - Baylor University
Latina Ursorum - Baylor University

... adjectives, say what noun they modify and then give the syntax of that noun; when identifying substantive adjectives, give their syntax as you would for a noun. 2) The categories below are not all mutually exclusive, but some of them are. For instance, an adjective could be both ―reflexive‖ and ―att ...
Covert nominative and dative subjects in Faroese∗
Covert nominative and dative subjects in Faroese∗

... and evaluate. This method made it possible for the investigator to correct the informants if they misread the sentences and this happened quite often. The participants were not given detailed instructions on how to evaluate the test sentences but in most cases it was fairly easy to classify the answ ...
PDF (Publication Article) - Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
PDF (Publication Article) - Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

... messages of the source text are transferred into the target text and how readable the target is for the target readers. These two criteria are considered to be the most important feature of a quality translation. A translation which is accurate in content, will not be able to fulfill its practical o ...
chapter ii - The English Spelling Society
chapter ii - The English Spelling Society

... taught, taut weak, week wood, would ...
Morphosyntactic sources for nominal synthetic compounds in
Morphosyntactic sources for nominal synthetic compounds in

... not only theoretically but also empirically challenging, even more so when you compare findings from different languages. Typically, research focuses on morphological constructions that consist of at least three morphemes, not allowing a straightforward analysis as a compound or a derivation. Such c ...
AFF - MPG.PuRe
AFF - MPG.PuRe

... my research in Atayal. He not only taught me Indonesian, Tagalog, and Austronesian linguistics, but also writing of textbooks and foreign lang~agepedagogy. He always believe6 in me and challeoged me to move forward. Professor Linda Waugh taught me morphology and semiotics. She played a crucial role ...
Sundanese complementation - LingBuzz
Sundanese complementation - LingBuzz

... having to be away from my family, this work has been rewarding and has challenged me by requiring an immeasurable amount of time perusing and trying to comprehend complicated linguistic proposals, some of which have been incredibly abstract or even arcane. During many hours spent on the fifth floor ...
Sundanese complementation - Iowa Research Online
Sundanese complementation - Iowa Research Online

... having to be away from my family, this work has been rewarding and has challenged me by requiring an immeasurable amount of time perusing and trying to comprehend complicated linguistic proposals, some of which have been incredibly abstract or even arcane. During many hours spent on the fifth floor ...
writeup - Courses
writeup - Courses

... But when the contract reopened , the subsequent flood of sell orders that quickly knocked the contract down to the 30-point limit indicated that the intermediate limit of 20 points was needed to help keep stock and stock-index futures prices synchronized . But Mr. Boesel of T. Rowe Price , who also ...
Collocation
Collocation

... functional words, they are essentially analogous to separate functional words and are used as connectors and specifies of notional elements of various status. Cf.: from out of, up to, so that, such as must be able, don`t let`s. Functional phrases of such and like character constitute limited groups ...
Toward an Aposynthesis of Topic Continuity and
Toward an Aposynthesis of Topic Continuity and

... 5 Rambow suggests that the order of entities in the position between Žnite and nonŽnite verbs in German (Mittelfeld) affects their salience. Gender in German is grammaticized, so Rambow constructs an example with two same-gender entities in Mittelfeld and uses an ambiguous pronoun in subsequent disc ...
Introducing Arguments - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Introducing Arguments - Massachusetts Institute of Technology

... dissertation-writing probably got subjected to my queries the most. I wish to thank Mustafa Seguya Kamoga-Bombokka and Hassan Sekabira for the Luganda data, Mulalo Doyoyo for the Venda data, Mirel Sharxhi and Dalina Kallulli for the Albanian data, Youngjoo Lee for the Korean data, and Danny Fox and ...
Amis Noun Phrase Structures:
Amis Noun Phrase Structures:

... least two situations where the presence of the linker is required. First, when there is a series of prenominal modifiers that are connected by a, the last a (i.e. the one before the head) must be retained. See Liu (1999) for further explication on this point. Second, when there is an extraposition o ...
A GRAMMATICAL ANALYSIS OF THE TSWANA ADVERBIAL by
A GRAMMATICAL ANALYSIS OF THE TSWANA ADVERBIAL by

... We examine adverbials as elements of clause structure in accordance with their formal identification and definition, and then consider the syntactic and semantic processes at work when they are used. At a syntactic level, we investigate the distributional properties and frequency of appearance of ad ...
Inversion
Inversion

... subject position. It is precisely by virtue of such a relation (sometimes called CHAIN) that the subject is allowed to be found in the low VP area.2 The spirit of this traditional GB-style account3 is essentially preserved in recent treatments of inversion type phenomena developed under minimalist a ...
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Portuguese grammar

Portuguese grammar, the morphology and syntax of the Portuguese language, is similar to the grammar of most other Romance languages—especially that of Spanish, and even more so to that of Galician. It is a relatively synthetic, fusional language.Nouns, adjectives, pronouns, and articles are moderately inflected: there are two genders (masculine and feminine) and two numbers (singular and plural). The case system of the ancestor language, Latin, has been lost, but personal pronouns are still declined with three main types of forms: subject, object of verb, and object of preposition. Most nouns and many adjectives can take diminutive or augmentative derivational suffixes, and most adjectives can take a so-called ""superlative"" derivational suffix. Adjectives usually follow the noun.Verbs are highly inflected: there are three tenses (past, present, future), three moods (indicative, subjunctive, imperative), three aspects (perfective, imperfective, and progressive), three voices (active, passive, reflexive), and an inflected infinitive. Most perfect and imperfect tenses are synthetic, totaling 11 conjugational paradigms, while all progressive tenses and passive constructions are periphrastic. As in other Romance languages, there is also an impersonal passive construction, with the agent replaced by an indefinite pronoun. Portuguese is basically an SVO language, although SOV syntax may occur with a few object pronouns, and word order is generally not as rigid as in English. It is a null subject language, with a tendency to drop object pronouns as well, in colloquial varieties. Like Spanish, it has two main copular verbs: ser and estar.It has a number of grammatical features that distinguish it from most other Romance languages, such as a synthetic pluperfect, a future subjunctive tense, the inflected infinitive, and a present perfect with an iterative sense. A rare feature of Portuguese is mesoclisis, the infixing of clitic pronouns in some verbal forms.
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