Review Exercises
... affixless ways of word formation. 1) Bill was given a medal in (to recognize) of his service. 2) Let’s go for a (to sail) this afternoon. 3) All (to apply) must be received before June 30, 2003. 4) The (to transport) of goods by air is very costly. 5) (Rich people) are not always generous to (poor p ...
... affixless ways of word formation. 1) Bill was given a medal in (to recognize) of his service. 2) Let’s go for a (to sail) this afternoon. 3) All (to apply) must be received before June 30, 2003. 4) The (to transport) of goods by air is very costly. 5) (Rich people) are not always generous to (poor p ...
Deep properties of surface pronouns: pronominal predicate
... Jan can the problem solve Werner can it not do ‘Jan can solve the problem; Werner can’t do it.’ Such constructions and related anaphoric devices have been the subject of a number of previous studies. Lødrup (1994, 2012) and Borthen (2003) discuss the use of the pronoun det ‘it’ as a VP and as a DP a ...
... Jan can the problem solve Werner can it not do ‘Jan can solve the problem; Werner can’t do it.’ Such constructions and related anaphoric devices have been the subject of a number of previous studies. Lødrup (1994, 2012) and Borthen (2003) discuss the use of the pronoun det ‘it’ as a VP and as a DP a ...
The Classification of Optatives: A Statistical Study
... verb ei]mi< is to be supplied and the whole is a mixed condition. If, as is likely in 1 Pet 3:14, the indicative e]ste< is supplied, the fourth-class protasis is combined with a first-class apodosis. In 1 Pet 3:17, if an indicative e@stin is supplied, the result is the same. If, as is presumably pos ...
... verb ei]mi< is to be supplied and the whole is a mixed condition. If, as is likely in 1 Pet 3:14, the indicative e]ste< is supplied, the fourth-class protasis is combined with a first-class apodosis. In 1 Pet 3:17, if an indicative e@stin is supplied, the result is the same. If, as is presumably pos ...
viewed - Association for Computational Linguistics
... Switching to Mandarin, question-answer pairs in Mandarin also easily submit to analyses in terms of catenae: ...
... Switching to Mandarin, question-answer pairs in Mandarin also easily submit to analyses in terms of catenae: ...
Japanese Revised edition
... (e.g. kokuban ‘blackboard’ < koku ‘black’ + ban ‘board’), except when such boundaries are crucial in the discussion as in the section on word formation. A hyphen is also used to separate a verbal noun from suru (benkyoo-suru ‘study’), and the -te form and the following auxiliary (tabete-iru ‘is eati ...
... (e.g. kokuban ‘blackboard’ < koku ‘black’ + ban ‘board’), except when such boundaries are crucial in the discussion as in the section on word formation. A hyphen is also used to separate a verbal noun from suru (benkyoo-suru ‘study’), and the -te form and the following auxiliary (tabete-iru ‘is eati ...
Nominal Roots as Event Predicates in English Denominal
... a constraint on possible interpretations is identified: intransitive denominal conversion verbs are infelicitous where the source nominal is intended to be an incremental theme (#apple ‘eat apple’), a patient (#shirt ‘wear shirt’), or the holder of a result state (#window ‘open window’). This little ...
... a constraint on possible interpretations is identified: intransitive denominal conversion verbs are infelicitous where the source nominal is intended to be an incremental theme (#apple ‘eat apple’), a patient (#shirt ‘wear shirt’), or the holder of a result state (#window ‘open window’). This little ...
the distribution and role of relative clauses in different text types
... [8] This should not be something the United States does alone. [R-IWp-344] The choice among relativizers is influenced by several factors, such as the role of the gap in the relative clause (who, whose, whom) or the function of the relative clause (restrictive or non-restrictive). It is also influen ...
... [8] This should not be something the United States does alone. [R-IWp-344] The choice among relativizers is influenced by several factors, such as the role of the gap in the relative clause (who, whose, whom) or the function of the relative clause (restrictive or non-restrictive). It is also influen ...
The Uzbek tense aspect modality system
... What is usually called the tense system of a language expresses not only the time a state, event or action is taking place, but also notions such as: - aspect (the temporal inner or outer view of the state or event), - evidentiality (source of knowledge), - epistemic modality (degree of certainty), ...
... What is usually called the tense system of a language expresses not only the time a state, event or action is taking place, but also notions such as: - aspect (the temporal inner or outer view of the state or event), - evidentiality (source of knowledge), - epistemic modality (degree of certainty), ...
Uses of ter- in Malay: A corpus-based study
... If one considers the three sentences from the perspective of voice, example (1b) seems to be active, whereas (1c) is passive. Even though the meaning of the notions of ‘active’ and ‘passive’ may vary depending on linguistic theories, particularly in the Austronesian languages (cf. Wouk and Ross, 200 ...
... If one considers the three sentences from the perspective of voice, example (1b) seems to be active, whereas (1c) is passive. Even though the meaning of the notions of ‘active’ and ‘passive’ may vary depending on linguistic theories, particularly in the Austronesian languages (cf. Wouk and Ross, 200 ...
Partitives A workshop at SLE 43
... • Cases that have some partitive-like functions: Hungarian (ablative); most Indo-European languages (genitive) • Languages with partitive articles: French, Italian. • Other types and/or other languages? ...
... • Cases that have some partitive-like functions: Hungarian (ablative); most Indo-European languages (genitive) • Languages with partitive articles: French, Italian. • Other types and/or other languages? ...
1. Some nouns always take a singular verb
... (A) The Indian team defeated the English by innings. (Incorrect) (B) The Indian team defeated the English by an innings. (Correct) (A) Mathematics are a difficult subject. (Incorrect) (B) Mathematics is a good / difficult subject. (Correct) Note if you have to indicate that the number of news, advic ...
... (A) The Indian team defeated the English by innings. (Incorrect) (B) The Indian team defeated the English by an innings. (Correct) (A) Mathematics are a difficult subject. (Incorrect) (B) Mathematics is a good / difficult subject. (Correct) Note if you have to indicate that the number of news, advic ...
Dative of Purpose and Reference
... The dative of reference is used when the dative depends not on any one particular word (such as is the case with Dative following special adjectives like amīcus, fidēlis, idoneus, and similis or verbs like crēdō and noceō) but on the general meaning of the sentence. o It is often called the “Dativ ...
... The dative of reference is used when the dative depends not on any one particular word (such as is the case with Dative following special adjectives like amīcus, fidēlis, idoneus, and similis or verbs like crēdō and noceō) but on the general meaning of the sentence. o It is often called the “Dativ ...
281 A FUNCTIONAL AND FORMAL COMPARISON ON ADJECTIVE
... (17) He has promised whoever is there a letter of thanks. (Wishon and Burks,1980) Functioning as object of preposition, the noun clause follows a preposition which is commonly preceded by verbs, adjectives, or nouns. In some cases, the preposition together with the noun clause may come before the pr ...
... (17) He has promised whoever is there a letter of thanks. (Wishon and Burks,1980) Functioning as object of preposition, the noun clause follows a preposition which is commonly preceded by verbs, adjectives, or nouns. In some cases, the preposition together with the noun clause may come before the pr ...
the present perfect: an exercise in the study of events
... estudo envolve quatro etapas: i) uma investigação de fundamentos filosóficos de plurais e eventos; ii) uma investigação dos fundamentos lingüísticos de plurais e eventos; iii) uma análise de como as primeiras duas etapas modelam a concepção de teorias de aspecto lexical e aspecto gramatical; iv) uma ...
... estudo envolve quatro etapas: i) uma investigação de fundamentos filosóficos de plurais e eventos; ii) uma investigação dos fundamentos lingüísticos de plurais e eventos; iii) uma análise de como as primeiras duas etapas modelam a concepção de teorias de aspecto lexical e aspecto gramatical; iv) uma ...
Clause linking in Japhug - Hal-SHS
... Most verbal forms in Japhug have a directional prefix that contains information on TAM, transitivity and (in the case of motion and concrete action verbs) the direction of the action. With the exception of contracting verbs whose stem starts in a– and which present special alternations (see Jacques a ...
... Most verbal forms in Japhug have a directional prefix that contains information on TAM, transitivity and (in the case of motion and concrete action verbs) the direction of the action. With the exception of contracting verbs whose stem starts in a– and which present special alternations (see Jacques a ...
Uppsala University
... is the case. The main focus will be on comparing the meaning nuances for which different languages apply complete reduplication on nouns, verbs and adjectives. The choice of languages was influenced by an effort to go across family borders in order not to get too narrow a spectrum of possible functi ...
... is the case. The main focus will be on comparing the meaning nuances for which different languages apply complete reduplication on nouns, verbs and adjectives. The choice of languages was influenced by an effort to go across family borders in order not to get too narrow a spectrum of possible functi ...
Object Ellipsis as Topic Drop
... languages alternate (more or less) freely with pronouns with the exception of nonspecific ones. These cannot alternate with pronouns. Once we have outlined the properties of topic drop in each language we show that these same properties hold of the missing object in Russian adverbial gerunds, althou ...
... languages alternate (more or less) freely with pronouns with the exception of nonspecific ones. These cannot alternate with pronouns. Once we have outlined the properties of topic drop in each language we show that these same properties hold of the missing object in Russian adverbial gerunds, althou ...
$doc.title
... In the verb-‐initial language Chamorro, an Austronesian language of the Mariana Islands, wh-‐dependencies exhibit a special verbal inflection known as Wh-‐Agreement: verbs along the path of the wh-‐dependency a ...
... In the verb-‐initial language Chamorro, an Austronesian language of the Mariana Islands, wh-‐dependencies exhibit a special verbal inflection known as Wh-‐Agreement: verbs along the path of the wh-‐dependency a ...
Optimizing Grammars for Minimum Dependency Length
... that assume fixed word order for a given grammatical relation, but choose the order such as to minimize dependency length over a large number of sentences. We represent grammatical relations simply by using the syntactic categories of the highest constituent headed by (maximal projection of) the two ...
... that assume fixed word order for a given grammatical relation, but choose the order such as to minimize dependency length over a large number of sentences. We represent grammatical relations simply by using the syntactic categories of the highest constituent headed by (maximal projection of) the two ...
bardi verb morphology in historical perspective
... modern attested languages. There has been very little previous work on the history of complex predicates, and no detailed historical reconstruction for the Nyulnyulan family. The results presented here are a significant contribution to a topic in linguistics that it has only recently become possible ...
... modern attested languages. There has been very little previous work on the history of complex predicates, and no detailed historical reconstruction for the Nyulnyulan family. The results presented here are a significant contribution to a topic in linguistics that it has only recently become possible ...
Строй современного английского языка.
... grammatical structure of Modern English. It presupposes a sufficient knowledge on the part of the reader of the practical rules pertaining both to the morphology and to the syntax of the language. Thus, we are not going to set out here the ways, for example, of forming the plural of English nouns, o ...
... grammatical structure of Modern English. It presupposes a sufficient knowledge on the part of the reader of the practical rules pertaining both to the morphology and to the syntax of the language. Thus, we are not going to set out here the ways, for example, of forming the plural of English nouns, o ...
Insubordination and its ·uses • --
... verb forms that fail to show tense, mood, or subject person. A fourth solution is to dissociate the assumed necessary link between main. clause status and finiteness, allowing certain types of main ·clause to be nonfinite; see the chapters in this volume by Nikolaeva and by Kalinjna and Sumbatova (C ...
... verb forms that fail to show tense, mood, or subject person. A fourth solution is to dissociate the assumed necessary link between main. clause status and finiteness, allowing certain types of main ·clause to be nonfinite; see the chapters in this volume by Nikolaeva and by Kalinjna and Sumbatova (C ...
Colloquial Tamil
... For many speakers, the last sound, [ũ], has merged with [ɑ̃], so that the last syllables of maram and varum have the same sound. If, because something is added to the word, the m or n in these words no longer comes at the end, you should pronounce it as a consonant. For example, -aa can be added to ...
... For many speakers, the last sound, [ũ], has merged with [ɑ̃], so that the last syllables of maram and varum have the same sound. If, because something is added to the word, the m or n in these words no longer comes at the end, you should pronounce it as a consonant. For example, -aa can be added to ...
Table of Contents - Brevard County Schools
... Coordinating - FANBOYS – for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so Subordinating - AAAWWWUBBIS – as, although, after, when, whenever, while, until, because, before, if, since Coorelative - both…and, not only…but also, either…or, neither…nor, not…but, whether…or ...
... Coordinating - FANBOYS – for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so Subordinating - AAAWWWUBBIS – as, although, after, when, whenever, while, until, because, before, if, since Coorelative - both…and, not only…but also, either…or, neither…nor, not…but, whether…or ...
university of craiova - Universitatea din Craiova
... grammar we are studying belong to Halliday’s Introduction to Functional Grammar (1994) and were initially worked out for the Chinese which was the first language Halliday studied in detail. Afterwards he developed these principles in his work on English grammar. Function Grammar is much richer seman ...
... grammar we are studying belong to Halliday’s Introduction to Functional Grammar (1994) and were initially worked out for the Chinese which was the first language Halliday studied in detail. Afterwards he developed these principles in his work on English grammar. Function Grammar is much richer seman ...