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A Scalable, Commodity Data Center Network Architecture
A Scalable, Commodity Data Center Network Architecture

... • Using same ip on dual homed servers • Allowing growth of server farms. ...
dc9798.PDF
dc9798.PDF

... Discuss the ISO 7-layered model and show how different network types, such as Ethernet, Token Ring and FDDI, fit with networking protocols, such as SPX/IPX, TCP/IP, and NetBEUI. Give some examples of practical networks and the protocols that they use. ...
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Routing

... • Split horizon with poison reverse – B sends update (D, inf., A) to A, since it learned from A. – prevents two-node loops ...
Wireless Sensor Networks M Homework #1
Wireless Sensor Networks M Homework #1

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... Chapter 4, part 1 in the notes). Suppose that shortest hop routing is used in both inter-AS and intra-AS routing. For inter-AS routing, this means that a packet that is to be routed at the inter-AS level to a destination in network X will be routed to the closest (shortest number of hops) inter-AS r ...
A Router
A Router

... hardware designed to allow computers to communicate over a computer network. • Provides a low-level addressing system through the use of MAC addresses. It allows users to connect to each other either by using cables or wirelessly. • The NIC is both an OSI layer 1 (physical layer) and layer 2 (data l ...
Broadcast Routing - UCLA Computer Science
Broadcast Routing - UCLA Computer Science

... Routing to another LAN  A creates IP packet with source A, destination B  A uses ARP to get R’s physical layer address for 111.111.111.110  A creates Ethernet frame with R's MAC address as destination  A’s data link layer sends the Ethernet frame ...
Brief Announcement: A Conjecture on
Brief Announcement: A Conjecture on

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... b. What is source based tree? Discuss its major bottleneck? Solution: Source Based Tree In the source-based tree approach, each router needs to have one shortest path tree for each group. The shortest path tree for a group defines the next hop for each network that has loyal member(s) for that grou ...
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ECE544Lec4-5DR07
ECE544Lec4-5DR07

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ShapeShifter - Computer Science
ShapeShifter - Computer Science

... maintain a mesh of low-latency unicast links and use its minimal spanning tree for distribution. Also showed costs relative to IP Multicast are not excessive.  Overcast: A core group of well-placed nodes uses end-system multicast to distribute bulk content internally, in order to eventually provide ...
PeerNet: Pushing Peer-to-Peer Down the Stack
PeerNet: Pushing Peer-to-Peer Down the Stack

... • each node controls a range of addresses • responding node splits its range in half – joining node gets the lower half – joining node’s address is the lowest address in that range – nodes get evenly distributed in the address space ...
Medium Time Metric
Medium Time Metric

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Protocol Suites - York Technical College

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Lecture 8: Routing I Distance-vector Algorithms

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Homework, sheet 10
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emulab.net: A Network Emulation and Distributed Systems Testbed
emulab.net: A Network Emulation and Distributed Systems Testbed

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Network Layer
Network Layer

... and learning their names. 2. Each router constructs a link state packet (LSP) which consists of a list of names and cost for each of its neighbors. 3. The LSP is transmitted to all other routers. Each router stores the most recently generated LSP from each other router. 4. Each router uses complete ...
routing - ece.virginia.edu
routing - ece.virginia.edu

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IEEE 802.1aq

Shortest Path Bridging (SPB), specified in the IEEE 802.1aq standard, is a computer networking technology intended to simplify the creation and configuration of networks, while enabling multipath routing.For non-experts, or non-technical readers SPB is an IEEE standard that combines many functions of routing, bridging, load balancing (link aggregration, multi-chassis link aggregation, equal-cost multi-path routing, network virtualization) and tunneling (virtual routing and forwarding, stealth networks, layer-2 virtual service networks (L2VSN), and layer-3 virtual service networks (L3VSN)) into a single easy to configure protocol, which can yield a variety of benefits such as better fault tolerance, increased bandwidth, and improved security.Shortest Path Bridging is the replacement for the older spanning tree protocols (STP) (spanning tree protocol IEEE 802.1D, rapid spanning tree protocol (RSTP) IEEE 802.1w, multiple spanning tree protocol (MSTP) IEEE 802.1s) that permitted only a single path toward the root bridge and blocked any redundant paths that could result in a layer 2 loop. SPB allows all paths to be active with multiple equal cost paths, and provides much larger layer 2 topologies (up to 16 million compared to the traditional virtual local area network (VLAN) limit of 4,096 specified in the IEEE standard 802.1Q). It also supports faster convergence times, and improves the efficiency of the mesh topologies through increased bandwidth and redundancy between all devices, allowing traffic to load share across all paths of a mesh network. To enhance resiliency in the access layer SPB can also be integrated with link aggregation functions, such as standards-based link aggregation (IEEE 802.1AX) and proprietary multi-chassis link aggregation (MC-LAG) implementations.The technology provides logical Ethernet networks on native Ethernet infrastructures using a link state protocol to advertise both topology and logical network membership. Packets are encapsulated at the edge either in media access control-in-media access control (MAC-in-MAC) 802.1ah or tagged 802.1Q/802.1ad frames and transported only to other members of the logical network. Unicast, multicast, and broadcast are supported and all routing is on a symmetric shortest paths.The control plane is based on the Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS), leveraging a small number of extensions defined in Request for Comments(RFC) 6329.
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