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1. Communication Network
1. Communication Network

... – in point-to-point, each link connects pair of nodes – in broadcast, all nodes share common link (channel). All users receive each packet sent but only those for whom it is addressed retain it – more generally, network may support multicasting ...
Communication Networks Overview Nodes and Links Nodes and
Communication Networks Overview Nodes and Links Nodes and

... Specifically, you ask your secretary to put a destination address, a return address, and a stamp onto an envelope, and to put the letter inside the envelope. The peer of the secretary in company B is the secretary in company Y. ...
Transmission Methods
Transmission Methods

... Circuit and packet switching are the two methods used to establish and manage connections across a network Three broad categories:  Methods to establish and terminate network connections  Rules for the orderly transfer of data across the network  Procedures to manage and control transmission link ...
Solution
Solution

... "bridging" approach of problem 16, which remains in the data link layer. However, the network layer may be more appropriate(2) because it provides for the transfer of data in the form of packets across the communication network. A key aspect of this transfer is the routing of the packets from the so ...
Convergence of 5G Technology by Using Distributed System
Convergence of 5G Technology by Using Distributed System

... a major preference-based attribute, such that nodes with lower velocity (thus, more stability) will be preferred to be chosen to participate in the leader election process. There are cases where nodes have the same capacity, i.e. the same VALUE. In these cases node IDs are used to break ties among n ...
Ch. 8 Circuit Switching - The Coming
Ch. 8 Circuit Switching - The Coming

... network capable of handling SS7 control messages. • Signal transfer point (STP)--signaling point capable of routing control message. • Signaling link--data link that connectws signaling points. • Figure 10.9 illustrates the Control plane and the Information plane. ...
Optical Burst Switching Obs.doc
Optical Burst Switching Obs.doc

... network capable of handling SS7 control messages. • Signal transfer point (STP)--signaling point capable of routing control message. • Signaling link--data link that connectws signaling points. • Figure 10.9 illustrates the Control plane and the Information plane. ...
Distributed System Concepts and Architectures
Distributed System Concepts and Architectures

... • Specify the electrical and mechanical characteristics of the physical communication link – standardize – Coding method, modulation technique, wire/connector specification – Sharing of common bus needs interface standards for the medium access control in the data link layer ...
PPT slides
PPT slides

... overheads and user level send/receive are bulk of extra overhead • Safe evaluation and type demultiplexing only add 30% overhead – Other more efficient technologies available • Software fault isolation (SFI) • Proof carrying code (PCC) ...
Presentation
Presentation

... goes further. It reduces the cost of collision. The cost of using RTS/CTS is very small. It can be ignored in some situation but should be concerned in others. ...
Lecture Note Ch.2
Lecture Note Ch.2

... As we will see in Chapter 23, a port address is a 16-bit address represented by ...
East-West Bridge for SDN Network Peering
East-West Bridge for SDN Network Peering

... In DC/AS, the online people are usually less than 3,000,000 ...
ppt - Yale "Zoo"
ppt - Yale "Zoo"

... “A DIA allows a group of users connected via a network to interact synchronously with a shared application state.” “DIS is the name of a family of protocols used to exchange information about a virtual environment among hosts in a distributed system that are simulating the behavior of objects in tha ...
Ad Hoc Network Protocols1
Ad Hoc Network Protocols1

... Military vehicles on a battlefield with no existing infrastructure. A fleet of ships at sea. Emergency workers at an earthquake that destroyed the infrastructure. A gathering of people with notebook computers in an area lacking 802.11. Scientific field networks. ...
Presentation
Presentation

... - defines what the layer does (but not how entities above access it or how it works)  Interface – how it is called above - tells the processes above how to access it - specifies what the parameters are and the results to expect  Protocol – how it “talks” to its peer layer - how a layer works (i.e. ...
Wireless Communications and Networks
Wireless Communications and Networks

... Traditional point-to-point and switched network techniques used in WANs are inadequate for growing needs of organizations Need for high capacity and low costs over large ...
Data Link Layer
Data Link Layer

... one station transmits at a time on the shared communication channel • The protocol that determines who can transmit on a broadcast channel is called the Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol • The MAC protocol is implemented in the MAC sublayer which is the to Network Layer lower sublayer of the data ...
Document
Document

...  Repeaters and hubs (amplifiers/splitters)  Frame stupid ...
i,j
i,j

... MSH-CSCF (Mesh centralized scheduling Configuration) message carries the information of channel configuration and routing tree information. MSH-CSCH (Mesh centralized scheduling) message carries the information of bandwidth request and grant. ...
05-00
05-00

Slide
Slide

... network datasets • For each experiment – Prepare a copy of original network – Partially alter the structure – Compare network alignment of community-blind against community-aware algorithms ...
Slides
Slides

Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi

... On a wired Ethernet, it is reasonable to transmit a frame and assume that the destination receives it correctly. Radio links are different, especially when the frequencies used are unlicensed ISM bands In addition to the noise, multipath fading may also lead to situations in which frames cannot be t ...
COT 6930 Ad Hoc Networks (Part III)
COT 6930 Ad Hoc Networks (Part III)

... Each node knows all its neighbors’ positions. Each node selects a random timeout interval. At timeout, if a node sees that neighbors who have not yet sent any messages together cover its area, it transmits a “withdrawal” and goes to sleep Otherwise, the node remains active but does not transmit any ...
THE LANDMARK HIERARCHY: A NEW HIERARCHY FOR
THE LANDMARK HIERARCHY: A NEW HIERARCHY FOR

... Scalable Key Location • Using only consistent hashing may require to traverse all nodes to find the appropriate mapping. That’s why Chord maintains an additional routing information. ...
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CAN bus

A controller area network (CAN bus) is a vehicle bus standard designed to allow microcontrollers and devices to communicate with each other in applications without a host computer. It is a message-based protocol, designed originally for multiplex electrical wiring within automobiles, but is also used in many other contexts.Development of the CAN bus started in 1983 at Robert Bosch GmbH. The protocol was officially released in 1986 at the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) congress in Detroit, Michigan. The first CAN controller chips, produced by Intel and Philips, came on the market in 1987. The 1988 BMW 8 Series was the first production vehicle to feature a CAN-based multiplex wiring system.Bosch published several versions of the CAN specification and the latest is CAN 2.0 published in 1991. This specification has two parts; part A is for the standard format with an 11-bit identifier, and part B is for the extended format with a 29-bit identifier. A CAN device that uses 11-bit identifiers is commonly called CAN 2.0A and a CAN device that uses 29-bit identifiers is commonly called CAN 2.0B. These standards are freely available from Bosch along with other specifications and white papers.In 1993 the International Organization for Standardization released the CAN standard ISO 11898 which was later restructured into two parts; ISO 11898-1 which covers the data link layer, and ISO 11898-2 which covers the CAN physical layer for high-speed CAN. ISO 11898-3 was released later and covers the CAN physical layer for low-speed, fault-tolerant CAN. The physical layer standards ISO 11898-2 and ISO 11898-3 are not part of the Bosch CAN 2.0 specification. These standards may be purchased from the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).CAN in Automation (CiA) also published CAN standards; CAN Specification 2.0 part A and part B, but their status is now obsolete (superseded by ISO 11898-1).Bosch is still active in extending the CAN standards. In 2012 Bosch released CAN FD 1.0 or CAN with Flexible Data-Rate. This specification uses a different frame format that allows a different data length as well as optionally switching to a faster bit rate after the arbitration is decided. CAN FD is compatible with existing CAN 2.0 networks so new CAN FD devices can coexist on the same network with existing CAN devices.CAN bus is one of five protocols used in the on-board diagnostics (OBD)-II vehicle diagnostics standard. The OBD-II standard has been mandatory for all cars and light trucks sold in the United States since 1996, and the EOBD standard has been mandatory for all petrol vehicles sold in the European Union since 2001 and all diesel vehicles since 2004.
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