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... Handles all non real time traffic, (packet data users). It decides when a packet transmission is initiated and the bit rate to be used. ...
05. Reference Models and Example Networks
05. Reference Models and Example Networks

... joining of another regional networks - NSFNET, BITNET, EARN, …, thousands of LANs; early 90’ the term “internet” widely accepted as net name “The Internet” Internet machine is each machine that (1) inter-communicates with others under TCP/IP and (2) has a specific IP address. ...
Source: Jason Leigh, OptIPuter co-PI The OptIPuter Will be
Source: Jason Leigh, OptIPuter co-PI The OptIPuter Will be

... • $13.5 Million Over Five Years • Optical IP Streams From Lab Clusters to Large Data Objects ...
Ch02
Ch02

... Need For Protocol Architecture • E.g. File transfer —Source must activate communication path or inform network of destination —Source must check destination is prepared to receive —File transfer application on source must check destination file management system will accept and store file for his u ...
Traffic Engineering in Multi-Granularity, Heterogeneous, WDM
Traffic Engineering in Multi-Granularity, Heterogeneous, WDM

... Fig. 4(b) is preferred since the wavelength channels are fully utilized and no grooming is needed at node 0; • The route in Fig. 4(a) may be preferred if enough free capacity is available in the existing ...
Information Diffusion
Information Diffusion

...  “Structure and tie strengths in mobile communication networks”  use nation-wide cellphone call records and simulate diffusion ...
General requirements for improved intelligence in Status polling via
General requirements for improved intelligence in Status polling via

... shadow interface down or up status event for every node down or up status event relating to one-interface nodes. One could stop logging the node down and node up events, but then users would not be able to tell whether all a node’s interfaces were reachable or not. Simple Customizations In general, ...
LAN to WAN Management guide
LAN to WAN Management guide

...  used to synchronize receiver, sender clock rates ...
You are entrusted with the design of a network to
You are entrusted with the design of a network to

... presented in the above figure as well the local preference of ISP A, ISP B, and ISP C. Describe what would happen if we run BGP on this topology. If you need to draw arrows on the graph to illustrate your opinion, please draw them clearly to help us identify. Just a suggestion, it’s probably helpful ...
Random Graph Theory - Jackson State University
Random Graph Theory - Jackson State University

... Prediction of Random Network Theory: Real Networks are Supercritical • The theoretical thresholds uncovered for random networks are: – For > 1, a giant component emerges that contains a finite fraction of all nodes. – For > lnN, all components are absorbed by the giant component, resulting ...
1.Introduction
1.Introduction

I R T R ECHNICAL
I R T R ECHNICAL

ppt - ICS
ppt - ICS

... Ejecting misbehaving nodes That is an open problem If a node is accused of cheating, proof needs to be presented It’s not clear how proof can be generated at the routing layer False positives ...
Introduction
Introduction

... Communication Standards • Computer communication uses different standard for different approach. • The RS-232-C standard is used for the serial port of computer devices. This standard is for low bit rate transmissions (up to 38 Kbps) over short distances (less than 30 m). Transmissions take place o ...
Document
Document

UDP
UDP

... segments may be:  lost  delivered out of order to app  connectionless:  no handshaking between UDP sender, receiver  each UDP segment handled independently of others ...
LAN BASICS
LAN BASICS

... used in mid- to high- performance workstations and servers. • SCSI offers faster transfer rates than ATA/IDE, the interface most commonly used in desktop PCs. • In general, ATA/IDE is considered easier to implement and less expensive than SCSI but does not offer as many features. – For example, SCSI ...
Transport Protocols
Transport Protocols

... – Each datagram carries one transport-layer segment – Each segment has source and destination port number • Host uses IP addresses and port numbers to direct the segment to appropriate socket ...
Lecture (Network)
Lecture (Network)

The Transport Layer
The Transport Layer

... Multiplexing/Demultiplexing • Multiplexing: – Gather data from multiple processes, envelope data with header – Header has src port, dest port for multiplexing • Why not process id? ...
Data Link Layer: Flow Control Stop-and
Data Link Layer: Flow Control Stop-and

... Stop-and-Wait Data Link Protocols • Such elementary protocols are also called PAR (Positive Acknowledgment with Retransmission) or ARQ (Automatic Repeat reQuest). • Data frames are transmitted in one direction (simplex protocols ) where each frame is individually acknowledge by the receiver by a sep ...
Aalborg Universitet Liu, Yaoda; Olsen, Rasmus Løvenstein; Schwefel, Hans-Peter
Aalborg Universitet Liu, Yaoda; Olsen, Rasmus Løvenstein; Schwefel, Hans-Peter

... • The dynamics of the network is modeled by each node going on and off randomly with the period following a poisson process • The uplink (from client to service provider) and downlink (from service provider to client) delay are modeled by a poisson distribution, the mean of which is proportional to ...
End of module
End of module

... used in mid- to high- performance workstations and servers. • SCSI offers faster transfer rates than ATA/IDE, the interface most commonly used in desktop PCs. • In general, ATA/IDE is considered easier to implement and less expensive than SCSI but does not offer as many features. – For example, SCSI ...
Network Types (Cont.)
Network Types (Cont.)

... simultaneously. Techniques to avoid repeated collisions include: ...
paper - IJANA International Journal of Advanced Networking And
paper - IJANA International Journal of Advanced Networking And

... to remove delays at both the MAC and routing layers, but this approach does not work against all types of rushing attackers and is not general [5]. For example, in a dense network using a CSMA MAC layer, if a node A initiates a Route Discovery, and B is two hops away from A, and C and D are neighbor ...
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CAN bus

A controller area network (CAN bus) is a vehicle bus standard designed to allow microcontrollers and devices to communicate with each other in applications without a host computer. It is a message-based protocol, designed originally for multiplex electrical wiring within automobiles, but is also used in many other contexts.Development of the CAN bus started in 1983 at Robert Bosch GmbH. The protocol was officially released in 1986 at the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) congress in Detroit, Michigan. The first CAN controller chips, produced by Intel and Philips, came on the market in 1987. The 1988 BMW 8 Series was the first production vehicle to feature a CAN-based multiplex wiring system.Bosch published several versions of the CAN specification and the latest is CAN 2.0 published in 1991. This specification has two parts; part A is for the standard format with an 11-bit identifier, and part B is for the extended format with a 29-bit identifier. A CAN device that uses 11-bit identifiers is commonly called CAN 2.0A and a CAN device that uses 29-bit identifiers is commonly called CAN 2.0B. These standards are freely available from Bosch along with other specifications and white papers.In 1993 the International Organization for Standardization released the CAN standard ISO 11898 which was later restructured into two parts; ISO 11898-1 which covers the data link layer, and ISO 11898-2 which covers the CAN physical layer for high-speed CAN. ISO 11898-3 was released later and covers the CAN physical layer for low-speed, fault-tolerant CAN. The physical layer standards ISO 11898-2 and ISO 11898-3 are not part of the Bosch CAN 2.0 specification. These standards may be purchased from the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).CAN in Automation (CiA) also published CAN standards; CAN Specification 2.0 part A and part B, but their status is now obsolete (superseded by ISO 11898-1).Bosch is still active in extending the CAN standards. In 2012 Bosch released CAN FD 1.0 or CAN with Flexible Data-Rate. This specification uses a different frame format that allows a different data length as well as optionally switching to a faster bit rate after the arbitration is decided. CAN FD is compatible with existing CAN 2.0 networks so new CAN FD devices can coexist on the same network with existing CAN devices.CAN bus is one of five protocols used in the on-board diagnostics (OBD)-II vehicle diagnostics standard. The OBD-II standard has been mandatory for all cars and light trucks sold in the United States since 1996, and the EOBD standard has been mandatory for all petrol vehicles sold in the European Union since 2001 and all diesel vehicles since 2004.
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