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Transport Layer
Transport Layer

... Error control (process-to-process): entire message arrives at the receiving transport layer without error, loss, duplication and in the same order they were sent ...
Network Architecture Design for Wireless Sensor Nodes
Network Architecture Design for Wireless Sensor Nodes

... change their topology dynamically when connectivity among the nodes varies with time due to node mobility. But current, real-world deployment usually consists of stationary sensor nodes. WSNs are intelligent compared with traditional sensors, and some WSNs are designed to use in-network processing, ...
Ad Hoc Routing - Jonathan Sevy
Ad Hoc Routing - Jonathan Sevy

... • Intermediate node may return RREP if it has routing table entry for destination which is “fresher” than source’s (or equal with lower hop count) • Routing table entries assigned “lifetime”, deleted on expiration • Unique ID included in RREQ for duplicate rejection ...
A QUALITY OF SERVICE BASED AODV WITH QoS-AWARE ROUTING ALGORITHMS FOR MANETs
A QUALITY OF SERVICE BASED AODV WITH QoS-AWARE ROUTING ALGORITHMS FOR MANETs

... congestion. Using Ad-hoc on-demand QoS routing (Chen and Heinzelman, 2005) it provides an end-to-end QoS with delay and bandwidth constraints. Due to mobility in unsynchronized wireless environment, there is a chance of link broken. A stable QoS routing protocol is proposed (Shahram, Bita and Ali Mo ...
physical address.
physical address.

EE29 Shilpi Agrawal - RJIT paper
EE29 Shilpi Agrawal - RJIT paper

... can move from one place to another place and thus have no fix infrastructure or topology. This type of networks crate dynamic topology. The nodes of these types of networks find or search the route dynamically in case when a node wants to communicate with other node and thus use adaptive or dynamic ...
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSRJCE)
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSRJCE)

... "expected zone" of node D, from the viewpoint of node S, is the region that node S expects to contain node D. When node S knows, that node D travels with a several speed, node S considers this speed to determine the expected zone of D. When node S has no information about the position of D, the enti ...
Interdomain Routing Broadcast routing
Interdomain Routing Broadcast routing

... - we learned how to do this already (chapter 3)! - seldom used on low bit error link (fiber, some twisted pair) - wireless links: high error rates ...
Resource Optimization of Spatial TDMA in Ad Hoc Radio Networks
Resource Optimization of Spatial TDMA in Ad Hoc Radio Networks

... radio frequency is divided into time slots, and a unit may transmit in one or several time slots. It is known that, although simple to implement, TDMA is very inefficient from the resource utilization point of view. One possibility to increase the network efficiency is to use Spatial TDMA, or STDMA ...
Powerpoint
Powerpoint

...  Only bare amount needed  Increasingly sophisticated services ...
Centralized P2P systems
Centralized P2P systems

... rD h a s mi g h t file X ...
Chapter 7—packet
Chapter 7—packet

... Packet-switching topology • What a big picture of topology for picket-switching networks!!! – Hierarchical structure, from LANs  campus, university and organization networksInternet – ISPs provide backbone networks to connect tremendous different networks and enormous home PCs ...
CMPT 880: Internet Architectures and Protocols
CMPT 880: Internet Architectures and Protocols

...  resource sharing (statistical multiplexing)  • better resource utilization • more users or faster transfer (a single user can use entire bw) • Well suited for bursty traffic (typical in data networks) ...
Sales Guide for Wireless Mesh Network
Sales Guide for Wireless Mesh Network

... Not like the layer-2 only capability in ordinary AP, the “mobility” defined in MAP-2105 is the ability of a user to change its attached node from one mesh AP to another while maintaining all existing communications and using the same IP address at this new link. ...
3rd Edition, Chapter 5
3rd Edition, Chapter 5

...  we learned how to do this already (chapter 3)!  seldom used on low bit error link (fiber, some twisted pair)  wireless links: high error rates • Q: why both link-level and end-end reliability? 5: DataLink Layer ...
lec5-network
lec5-network

Slide
Slide

... with prob. p: randomly selected node with prob. 1-p: copied target from selected ‘prototye node’ 2. Attaching to edges: : after adding new node, instead of selecting target node, select target edges and connect new node to end point of the edges. ...
Medium - Message
Medium - Message

... The situation that occurs when two or more devices attempt to send a signal along the same channel at the same time. The result of a collision is generally a garbled message. All computer networks require some sort of mechanism to either prevent collisions altogether or to recover from collisions wh ...
A Framework for Evaluating the Best Achievable
A Framework for Evaluating the Best Achievable

... devices. Specifically, lifetime optimization is typically carried out by formulating the energy consumption of a sensor and defining the network lifetime accordingly. A commonly used definition for the network lifetime is the time it takes for the first sensor to run out of battery. Maximizing the c ...
Model Answers Mid-Semester Test 2010
Model Answers Mid-Semester Test 2010

... d. Subnet 500: Note that the subnet 500 is not the last possible subnet, it is the last subnet used by the organization. To find the first address in subnet 500, we need to add 16,351,232 (499 x 32678) in base 256 (0. 249.128.0) to the first address in subnet 1. We have 16.0.0.0 + 0.249.128.0 = 16.2 ...
Internet Layer Protocols
Internet Layer Protocols

... • Describe different physical layer protocols • Discuss changes to IP introduced with IPv6 ...
Wireless LANs and IEEE 802.11 medium access control
Wireless LANs and IEEE 802.11 medium access control

Linear Bus Topology
Linear Bus Topology

Slide 1
Slide 1

... panning can be represented with very few bits. ...
CMPT 880: Internet Architectures and Protocols
CMPT 880: Internet Architectures and Protocols

...  resource sharing (statistical multiplexing)  • better resource utilization • more users or faster transfer (a single user can use entire bw) • Well suited for bursty traffic (typical in data networks) ...
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CAN bus

A controller area network (CAN bus) is a vehicle bus standard designed to allow microcontrollers and devices to communicate with each other in applications without a host computer. It is a message-based protocol, designed originally for multiplex electrical wiring within automobiles, but is also used in many other contexts.Development of the CAN bus started in 1983 at Robert Bosch GmbH. The protocol was officially released in 1986 at the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) congress in Detroit, Michigan. The first CAN controller chips, produced by Intel and Philips, came on the market in 1987. The 1988 BMW 8 Series was the first production vehicle to feature a CAN-based multiplex wiring system.Bosch published several versions of the CAN specification and the latest is CAN 2.0 published in 1991. This specification has two parts; part A is for the standard format with an 11-bit identifier, and part B is for the extended format with a 29-bit identifier. A CAN device that uses 11-bit identifiers is commonly called CAN 2.0A and a CAN device that uses 29-bit identifiers is commonly called CAN 2.0B. These standards are freely available from Bosch along with other specifications and white papers.In 1993 the International Organization for Standardization released the CAN standard ISO 11898 which was later restructured into two parts; ISO 11898-1 which covers the data link layer, and ISO 11898-2 which covers the CAN physical layer for high-speed CAN. ISO 11898-3 was released later and covers the CAN physical layer for low-speed, fault-tolerant CAN. The physical layer standards ISO 11898-2 and ISO 11898-3 are not part of the Bosch CAN 2.0 specification. These standards may be purchased from the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).CAN in Automation (CiA) also published CAN standards; CAN Specification 2.0 part A and part B, but their status is now obsolete (superseded by ISO 11898-1).Bosch is still active in extending the CAN standards. In 2012 Bosch released CAN FD 1.0 or CAN with Flexible Data-Rate. This specification uses a different frame format that allows a different data length as well as optionally switching to a faster bit rate after the arbitration is decided. CAN FD is compatible with existing CAN 2.0 networks so new CAN FD devices can coexist on the same network with existing CAN devices.CAN bus is one of five protocols used in the on-board diagnostics (OBD)-II vehicle diagnostics standard. The OBD-II standard has been mandatory for all cars and light trucks sold in the United States since 1996, and the EOBD standard has been mandatory for all petrol vehicles sold in the European Union since 2001 and all diesel vehicles since 2004.
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