Unit 4.4: Anaerobic Respiration
... oxygen is present, but when oxygen is in short supply, they use anaerobic respiration instead. Certain bacteria can only use anaerobic respiration. In fact, they may not be able to survive at all in the presence of oxygen. Fermentation An important way of making ATP without oxygen is called fermenta ...
... oxygen is present, but when oxygen is in short supply, they use anaerobic respiration instead. Certain bacteria can only use anaerobic respiration. In fact, they may not be able to survive at all in the presence of oxygen. Fermentation An important way of making ATP without oxygen is called fermenta ...
Enzymes - Coleg y Cymoedd Moodle
... With this practical it is easier if you mix starch, iodine in potassium iodide solution and amylase and take regular readings of the colour of the mixture in one tube in a colorimeter. Not ideal though as the iodine interferes with the reaction and slows it down. ...
... With this practical it is easier if you mix starch, iodine in potassium iodide solution and amylase and take regular readings of the colour of the mixture in one tube in a colorimeter. Not ideal though as the iodine interferes with the reaction and slows it down. ...
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... Objective: RBE differences observed in cell survival experiments by these investigators between alphas and protons of the same LET. Extend these observations to additional endpoints. ...
... Objective: RBE differences observed in cell survival experiments by these investigators between alphas and protons of the same LET. Extend these observations to additional endpoints. ...
Direct comparison between protons and alpha particles of the same
... Objective: RBE differences observed in cell survival experiments by these investigators between alphas and protons of the same LET. Extend these observations to additional endpoints. HPRT Gene Mutation assay: HPRT is hypoxanthine-guanosine phosphoribosyl transferase. This enzyme is responsible for p ...
... Objective: RBE differences observed in cell survival experiments by these investigators between alphas and protons of the same LET. Extend these observations to additional endpoints. HPRT Gene Mutation assay: HPRT is hypoxanthine-guanosine phosphoribosyl transferase. This enzyme is responsible for p ...
Supplement
... equation were used to estimate the potential field change near a nanopore when DNA translocates through it, measured along the topside of the membrane from the edge of nanopore. The Ccis/Ctrans was varied and the effect of the potential drop as a function of distance and nanopore dimensions was calc ...
... equation were used to estimate the potential field change near a nanopore when DNA translocates through it, measured along the topside of the membrane from the edge of nanopore. The Ccis/Ctrans was varied and the effect of the potential drop as a function of distance and nanopore dimensions was calc ...
Fructose-1,6 - LSU School of Medicine
... All the intermediates of glycolysis are part of gluconeogenesis In addition, gluconeogenesis involves oxaloacetate and (indirectly) malate O- ...
... All the intermediates of glycolysis are part of gluconeogenesis In addition, gluconeogenesis involves oxaloacetate and (indirectly) malate O- ...
Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 5/e
... 1. C>12, trifunctional protein (TFP(a4b4)), multienzyme complex associated with inner membrane, catalyzed the reaction 2. a subunit: enoyl-CoA hadratase and b-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activities 3. b-subunit: thiolase substrate channeling 4. C<12, catalyzed by four soluble enzyme 5. Methylen ...
... 1. C>12, trifunctional protein (TFP(a4b4)), multienzyme complex associated with inner membrane, catalyzed the reaction 2. a subunit: enoyl-CoA hadratase and b-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activities 3. b-subunit: thiolase substrate channeling 4. C<12, catalyzed by four soluble enzyme 5. Methylen ...
Microsecond Rotational Dynamics of Spin-Labeled Ca
... inactivation/target size analysis, concluded that the Ca-ATPase is a constant dimer unaffected by phosphoenzyme formation. Monomeric Ca-ATPase, obtained by detergent solubilization, forms ADP-insensitive phosphoenzyme and binds ATP and vanadate (Andersen et al., 1986). McIntosh and Ross (1988) found ...
... inactivation/target size analysis, concluded that the Ca-ATPase is a constant dimer unaffected by phosphoenzyme formation. Monomeric Ca-ATPase, obtained by detergent solubilization, forms ADP-insensitive phosphoenzyme and binds ATP and vanadate (Andersen et al., 1986). McIntosh and Ross (1988) found ...
the molecular mechanism of photosynthetic glyceraldehyde
... Zaffagnini M, Sparla F, Pupillo P and Trost P Department of Biology – Laboratory of Molecular Plant Physiology – University of Bologna Photosynthetic GAPDH subunits (GapA and GapB) give rise in chloroplasts of higher plants to two different isoforms with either A4 or AnBn stochiometry, the latter be ...
... Zaffagnini M, Sparla F, Pupillo P and Trost P Department of Biology – Laboratory of Molecular Plant Physiology – University of Bologna Photosynthetic GAPDH subunits (GapA and GapB) give rise in chloroplasts of higher plants to two different isoforms with either A4 or AnBn stochiometry, the latter be ...
Metabolism of Xenobiotics
... 8.1. Nomenclature of Cytochromes P450 "The nomenclature system is based solely on the sequence similarity among P450s and does not indicate the properties or function of individual P450s" In the current nomenclature system [ ], the cytochrome "P450s are named using the root symbol CYP ..., followed ...
... 8.1. Nomenclature of Cytochromes P450 "The nomenclature system is based solely on the sequence similarity among P450s and does not indicate the properties or function of individual P450s" In the current nomenclature system [ ], the cytochrome "P450s are named using the root symbol CYP ..., followed ...
Bil 255 – CMB
... derivation of equation occurs at a time when the rate of formation of ES complex is equal to rate of destruction (break down), – i.e., at equilibrium, when [S] >>>> [E] so that total E is bound in ES complex – as a 1st order reaction enzyme catalyzed reaction ...
... derivation of equation occurs at a time when the rate of formation of ES complex is equal to rate of destruction (break down), – i.e., at equilibrium, when [S] >>>> [E] so that total E is bound in ES complex – as a 1st order reaction enzyme catalyzed reaction ...
Poster
... achieved in a 3-step biosynthesis pathway. The first step (1) in the pathway, accomplished with the enzyme MppP, adds an oxygen atom to the L-Arg substrate, and replaces the αamino group with a ketone to create a 4-hydroxy-2ketoarginine (4HKA). The 4HKA is used in the second step (2), the cyclizatio ...
... achieved in a 3-step biosynthesis pathway. The first step (1) in the pathway, accomplished with the enzyme MppP, adds an oxygen atom to the L-Arg substrate, and replaces the αamino group with a ketone to create a 4-hydroxy-2ketoarginine (4HKA). The 4HKA is used in the second step (2), the cyclizatio ...
Plasma Enzymes
... form hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) e.g. L-amino oxidase and D-amino acid oxidase. C- Anaerobic dehydrogenases These are enzymes cannot transfer hydrogen directly to oxygen but hydrogen is indirectly transferred to oxygen through many hydrogen carriers e.g. glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and succinate ...
... form hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) e.g. L-amino oxidase and D-amino acid oxidase. C- Anaerobic dehydrogenases These are enzymes cannot transfer hydrogen directly to oxygen but hydrogen is indirectly transferred to oxygen through many hydrogen carriers e.g. glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and succinate ...
Full-Text PDF
... A member of the Mitochondrial Carrier Family (MCF), the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier (Aacp) fulfills the cellular energetic needs by exchanging the neo-synthesized matrix ATP for the cytosolic ADP. In 1965, E. Pffaf discovered a specific exchange of adenine nucleotides through the membranes of mito ...
... A member of the Mitochondrial Carrier Family (MCF), the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier (Aacp) fulfills the cellular energetic needs by exchanging the neo-synthesized matrix ATP for the cytosolic ADP. In 1965, E. Pffaf discovered a specific exchange of adenine nucleotides through the membranes of mito ...
AP UNIT 3
... • Each enzyme has active and inactive forms • The binding of an activator stabilizes the active form of the enzyme • The binding of an inhibitor stabilizes the inactive form of the enzyme ...
... • Each enzyme has active and inactive forms • The binding of an activator stabilizes the active form of the enzyme • The binding of an inhibitor stabilizes the inactive form of the enzyme ...
Life and Cell
... Which of these statements about hydrogen bonds is not true? A) Hydrogen bonds account for the anomalously high boiling point of water. B) In liquid water, the average water molecule forms hydrogen bonds with three to four other water molecules. C) Individual hydrogen bonds are much weaker than coval ...
... Which of these statements about hydrogen bonds is not true? A) Hydrogen bonds account for the anomalously high boiling point of water. B) In liquid water, the average water molecule forms hydrogen bonds with three to four other water molecules. C) Individual hydrogen bonds are much weaker than coval ...
fisio otot - fkunja2010
... Mechanism of action Upon the arrival of an action potential at the axon terminal, voltage-dependent calcium channels open and Ca2+ ions flow from the extracellular fluid into the motor neuron's cytosol. This influx of Ca2+ triggers excitationcontraction coupling, a biochemical cascade that causes n ...
... Mechanism of action Upon the arrival of an action potential at the axon terminal, voltage-dependent calcium channels open and Ca2+ ions flow from the extracellular fluid into the motor neuron's cytosol. This influx of Ca2+ triggers excitationcontraction coupling, a biochemical cascade that causes n ...
Higher Human Biology unit 1 section 5 ENZYMES
... • A 1 molar solution is produced when 138g are dissolved in 1 litre of water. • A 0.1 molar solution is produced when 13.8g are dissolved in 100ml of water • A 0.01 molar solution is produced when 1.38g are dissolved in 100ml of water Work out what weights of sodium phosphate need to be added to 100 ...
... • A 1 molar solution is produced when 138g are dissolved in 1 litre of water. • A 0.1 molar solution is produced when 13.8g are dissolved in 100ml of water • A 0.01 molar solution is produced when 1.38g are dissolved in 100ml of water Work out what weights of sodium phosphate need to be added to 100 ...
Appendix 1: Methods Species selection Species were selected to
... assay was ran over 10 min in a Jenway 7315 spectrophotometer (Bibby Scientific Ltd, Staffordshire, UK) at 340 nm. The sample succinate concentrations were below detectable limits. ...
... assay was ran over 10 min in a Jenway 7315 spectrophotometer (Bibby Scientific Ltd, Staffordshire, UK) at 340 nm. The sample succinate concentrations were below detectable limits. ...
Document
... breakdown and slows energy production. Anaerobic glycolysis does not produce large amounts of ATP Combined, ATP – PCr and anaerobic glycolysis systems provide energy for 2 – 3 minutes of high-intensity exercise. ...
... breakdown and slows energy production. Anaerobic glycolysis does not produce large amounts of ATP Combined, ATP – PCr and anaerobic glycolysis systems provide energy for 2 – 3 minutes of high-intensity exercise. ...
Phytochemistry 24:
... those for GS from other sources [26] except for hydroxylamine. To obtain the K, for ammonia, a method reported by Orr and Haselkorn [27], relying on the form of the time course as ammonia is consumed, was used, giving a K, value of 12.5pM. This was confirmed by the K, value of 13.7pM obtained using ...
... those for GS from other sources [26] except for hydroxylamine. To obtain the K, for ammonia, a method reported by Orr and Haselkorn [27], relying on the form of the time course as ammonia is consumed, was used, giving a K, value of 12.5pM. This was confirmed by the K, value of 13.7pM obtained using ...
Photosynthesis: CO assimilation and sugar metabolism
... • C4 plants decrease water loss by using a different enzyme (not RUBISCO) for the initial capture of CO2 from the atmosphere. This other enzyme has about a 10-fold higher affinity for CO2 and this means the diffusion gradient for CO2 into the leaf is much greater than cells using only RUBISO. This e ...
... • C4 plants decrease water loss by using a different enzyme (not RUBISCO) for the initial capture of CO2 from the atmosphere. This other enzyme has about a 10-fold higher affinity for CO2 and this means the diffusion gradient for CO2 into the leaf is much greater than cells using only RUBISO. This e ...
basic chemistry of atoms and molecules
... number of protons in the nucleus, then the atom is not carbon. An atom of nitrogen has seven protons in its nucleus, an atom of oxygen has eight protons in its nucleus, and an atom of hydrogen just has one proton in its nucleus. The elements of the periodic table are listed in the order of prot ...
... number of protons in the nucleus, then the atom is not carbon. An atom of nitrogen has seven protons in its nucleus, an atom of oxygen has eight protons in its nucleus, and an atom of hydrogen just has one proton in its nucleus. The elements of the periodic table are listed in the order of prot ...
lecture CH24 chem131pikul
... • Amino acids are usually reassembled into new proteins. • Since excess amino acids are not stored in the body, they can also be catabolized for energy. • The amino groups (NH2) are converted to urea [(NH2)2C=O], which is excreted in urine. ...
... • Amino acids are usually reassembled into new proteins. • Since excess amino acids are not stored in the body, they can also be catabolized for energy. • The amino groups (NH2) are converted to urea [(NH2)2C=O], which is excreted in urine. ...
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... widely, contributing to the heterogeneity of this group of compounds. 5. Phospholipids are مهمهsynthesized in the Smooth ER-- then transported to Golgi apparatus and then membranes organelles or plasma membrane, or are secreted by exocytosis االخراج الخلوي. 6. There are two classes of phospholi ...
... widely, contributing to the heterogeneity of this group of compounds. 5. Phospholipids are مهمهsynthesized in the Smooth ER-- then transported to Golgi apparatus and then membranes organelles or plasma membrane, or are secreted by exocytosis االخراج الخلوي. 6. There are two classes of phospholi ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.